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Publications
Publications (46)
St. Catherines Island is one of several barrier islands lining the coast of Georgia, USA. This island is among the least recently anthropogenically impacted of the Georgia Sea Islands, but had not previously been examined in detail for coastal invertebrate macrofauna. From 1992 through late 1998 a coastal survey was conducted that examined the dive...
This chapter reviews the history of study and the current status of Mid-Holocene climatic and cultural change along the Peruvian coast, with a focus on major transitions at ca. 5800 and 3000 cal yr BP that correlate temporally with changes in El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) frequency. It begins with presenting the Peruvian archaeological record...
Recent paleoecological studies have emphasized the recognition of successional stages of level-bottom communities, but have neglected to point out techniques for distinguishing succession within a fossil community from the temporal and spatial replacement of one fossil community by another. The physical integrity of a marine level-bottom community...
The science of paleoecology suffers from a lack of conceptual frameworks. Paleoecologists have been overconcerned with the inadequacies of the fossil record: as a result, community palmecology has historically developed very slowly. At the community ecosystem level, the need for a theoretical framework is so great that paleoecology must ‘borrow’ th...
The well-known association of platyceratid gastropods with crinoids has traditionally been considered an example of coprophagous commensalism. The Occurrence of several crinoid ‘stands’ (Platycrinites sp.) from closely spaced bedding surfaces in the upper Mississippian Wymps Gap Limestone member of the Mauch Chunk Formation of southwestern Pennsylv...
Burrowing and plowing gastropods may have existed prior to the Mesozoic, contrary to the conservative tendency of categorizing Paleozoic archaeogastropods as herbivorous hardground dwellers. We propose that Euphemites and other bellerophontiform molluscs such as Praematuratroph and Beyrichidiscus make functional and paleoecological sense only if re...
Episodic events which affect populations of marine invertebrate species are rarely documented. We report the catastrophic mass exhumation and deposition of a large aggregation of adult bivalves (Mulinia lateralis [Say, 1822]) to a suboptimal habitat on a sandy intertidal beach of St. Catherines Island, Georgia, USA. The displaced population impacte...
Hardelams, Mercenaria mercenaria (Linne, 1758), tagged with brass washers attached to the outer shell surface and replanted into their natural habitat, were located remotely through the use of a commercially available, fully submersible, pulse technology metal detector. The ability to remotely locate tagged, replanted clams can increase the speed a...
An old controversy reestablished itself in the late 1970s and early 1980s that focused on the systematic placement of the enigmatic Bellerophontoidea (informally, "bellerophonts"), a group of planispirally coiled, wholly fossil molluscs. The controversy embraced three fundamental concepts that are based on different philosophical interpretations of...
On St. Catherines Island, Georgia, the barrier beach is retreating rapidly landward, burying living salt marsh as it moves and later exhuming it on the ocean side. Two methods were used to reconstruct the history of overwash events, by dating the time of death of salt marsh mussels (Geukensia demissa) and grasses (Spartina alterniflora) killed by o...
For the tropical west coast of South America, where El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is most pronounced, archaeological
and associated paleontological deposits in northern Peru revealed a major climate change at about 5000 years before the present
(yr B.P.). The data implied the presence of stable, warm tropical water as far south as 10°S during...
Aqueous-phased xenobiotic contaminant exposure can biochemically modify newly generated periostracum of the Asian freshwater bivalve,Corbicula fluminea. Laser-induced desorption of partially polymerized periostracum produces spectra distinguishable from mass spectral images generated from uncontaminated periostracum. Organic xenobiotic contaminatio...
A freshwater bioprobe, combining the Asiatic Clam, Corbicula fluminea (Müller) and the laser microprobe mass spectrometer (LAMMA), can determine anthropogenic chemical contamination of freshwater systems. Laser generated mass spectra from the periostracal layers of clams contaminated with either a salt, potassium bromide, or an aromatic compound, p...
We provide size-survivorship and reconstructed age-survivorship curves on over 2.5 million live individuals of the infaunal bivalve Mya arenaria from 1093 collecting sites at 15 locations within four estuaries from eastern Massachusetts. A significant difference was found among the cohort structures of post-larval M. arenaria from the four estuarie...
The 1982–1983 El Niño event afforded the opportunity to develop criteria for the recognition of ancient El Niños using mollusks from archaeological sites along coastal South America. A combination of growth increment and stable isotope analyses indicated that elevated sea surface temperatures during large scale El Niños leave a record decodable fro...
The 1982-3 El Nino was the most damaging of the century in terms of the devastation caused to the coast of Peru. Sessile bivalve species may be used as gauges of changing coastal conditions, recording daily or subdaily, a chronology of environmental disruption at specific geographical locations. The case study of the 1982-3 El Nino illustrates how...
The oceanographic phenomenon known as El Niño is the subject of intensive recent study. Any hypotheses regarding physical causes and predictability of El Niño should consider its geological history.
New geoarchaeological evidence suggests that the El Niño phenomenon did not exist along the northern and central coasts of Peru before about 5000 years...
Carboniferous strata can be described, interpreted, and correlated using six scales of allocyclic transgressive-regressive (T-R) units. These T-R units are inferred to be the net result of deposition during cycles of sea-level change. A hierarchical scheme of allocyclic T-R units could be combined with biostratigraphic, radiometric, and magnetostra...
We report partial results of a larger project being undertaken in the Appalachian Basin to determine the character of the geomagnetic field in the Carboniferous. The Brush Creek limestone, which contains abundant terrigenous matter, yields reliable results from three different sites, while the overlying Buffalo siltstone appears at one locality. AF...
Using a cryogenic magnetometer, reliable paleomagnetic polarities may be recovered for a wide variety of lithofacies present in Carboniferous cyclothemic sediments from the Appalachian Basin. The most reliable recorders are shales and limestones whose clastic fractions are dominated by silt and fine sand-sized terrigenous grains. Coarse sandstones...
Detailed paleoecological analysis of the Upper Pennsylvanian Ames limestone and shale near Morgantown, West Virginia, suggests that the Ames transgression in that area was very rapid, presumably over a low-relief plain. Evidence of stillstand is in a lower Ames shale sequence immediately overlying the Harlem coal and, thus, is at odds with traditio...
Data recovery excavation at the East Steubenville site yielded a total of 15,312 freshwater mussel valves. Shells recovered from features were taxonomically apportioned among 26 species, and are dominated by Elliptio dilatata (Spike) and Elliptio crassidens (Elephantear). Habitat reconstruction using Warren's Unio statistical package indicates that...
Upper Carboniferous microgastropod faunas are numerically abundant and diverse, and have recently received considerable taxonomic attention. However, there has been little attempt to appreciate their biostratigraphic utility. A comprehensive study of microgastropod distribution within fourteen marine units of the Pottsville, Allegheny, and Conemaug...
Typescript. Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1963. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 64-68).
