Hafiz U. Rehman

Kagoshima University | Kadai · Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences

We present an integrated study of LA-ICP-MS U–Pb age, Hf isotopes, and trace element geochemistry of zircons from the Himalayan eclogites (mafic rocks) and their host gneisses (felsic rocks) from the Kaghan Valley in Pakistan in order to understand the source and mode of their magmatic protoliths and the effect of metamorphism. Zircons from the so-...

Oxygen isotope compositions are reported for the first time for the Himalayan metabasites of the Kaghan Valley, Pakistan in this study. The highest metamorphic grades are recorded in the north of the valley, near the India-Asia collision boundary, in the form of high-pressure (HP: Group I) and ultrahigh-pressure (UHP: Group II) eclogites. The rocks...

The thermobaric structure of the Himalayan Metamorphic Belt (HMB) has been constructed along the Kaghan Valley transect, Pakistan. The HMB in this valley represents mainly the Lesser Himalayan Sequence (LHS) and Higher Himalayan Crystallines (HHC). Mineral parageneses of 474 samples, from an approximately, 80-km traverse from southwest to northeast...

The Kohistan–Ladakh Arc in the Himalaya–Karakoram region represents a complete section of an oceanic arc where the rocks from mantle to upper crustal levels are exposed. Generally this arc was regarded as of Jurassic–Cretaceous age and was welded to Asia and India by Northern and Southern Sutures respectively. Formation of this arc, timings of its...

Coesite relics were discovered as inclusions in clinopyroxene in eclogite and as inclusions in zircon in felsic and pelitic gneisses from Higher Himalayan Crystalline rocks in the upper Kaghan Valley, north-west Himalaya. The metamorphic peak conditions of the coesite-bearing eclogites are estimated to be 27–32 kbar and 700–770 °C, using garnet–pyr...

Exquisitely exposed Cambrian carbonates with exceptional thickness in North China offer a unique opportunity for studying the biota evolution and Earth's history. Here we characterize Cambrian oncoids by integrating petrological, geochemical, and isotopic analyses in order to unravel their genesis, assess the role of detrital fractions, and reconst...

Granitoids at subduction zones play a significant role in the generation and evolution of continental crust. The Kohistan Batholith in the Kohistan Island Arc is, in large part, comprised of granitoids with various sizes, amongst which the Matum-Das tonalitic pluton stands out as the most enigmatic due to its emplacement age and unique geochemical...

The Jijal Complex is considered one of the largest Neo-Tethyan remnants in the intra-oceanic Cretaceous–Paleogene Kohistan Arc of Pakistan. This complex largely consists of gabbros, peridotites, and chromitites. Previous studies documented the genesis of gabbros and chromitites in detail however detailed geochemistry and magma genesis were lacking....

Zircon grains preserve records of crystallization, growth, and/or deformation that can be envisaged from their internal structures and through the U–Pb isotope analysis. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a non-destructive method for visualizing undeformed domains to differentiate them from those that are plastically deformed. In this study...

The Kohistan Arc preserves an exquisite and ideal petrogenetic record for studying mafic magmatism in an arc environment. Here we report the geochronological, mineralogical, and geochemical data of the gabbros from the Chilas Complex of Kohistan in order to understand their genesis, timing, role in crustal thickening, and tectonic evolution in Neo‐...

A huge amount of experimental data on the weathering of mafic and ultramafic rocks is emerging from laboratories housing graduate research students. However, there are few climate-related topics from which undergraduate students can select for their undergraduate research projects. This work aims to encourage these freshmen with little or no resear...

The Qilinchang (Pb-Zn)-Ag-Ge deposit of the Yangtze Platform, southwest China are hosted in the Early Carboniferous carbonate rocks of the Baizuo Formation. The deposit is located within the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou (SYG) metallogenic province,which is western bounded by the Yangtze Platform in the southwestern part of China. Ore minerals are sphaler...

This study presents detailed petrography, bulk rock geochemistry, U-Pb dating, and Sr-Nd isotopes of pre-Himalayan granite gneisses and granites exposed in the Neelum Valley, NW Pakistan. To understand pre-Himalayan crustal growth history in the Indian plate, basement granitoids provide useful constraints. Two granites (the Jura and Neelum granites...

The Wadhrai granite stock is a part of the Nagar Parkar Igneous Complex, an extension of the Neoproterozoic Malani Igneous Suite of western Rajasthan. It is occupied by a petrographically uniform granite comprising perthite, plagioclase, quartz, with small quantities of biotite, opaque oxides, titanite, and secondary minerals. The rocks are sparing...

Zircon, a common accessory mineral in igneous and metamorphic rocks, highly resistant to alteration, preserves records of its magmatic crystallization or growth and recrystallization during metamorphic events. Backscattered electron (BSE) and cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging are generally adopted to detect pristine domains in zircons that are used...

Whole rock O-isotopes of the Panjal Traps are presented in order to assess the influence of crustal contamination and hydrothermal alteration in their genesis. The basalts from the eastern Kashmir Valley and Lidder Valley have enriched δ¹⁸OVSMOW values (9.0‰ to 12.0‰). The basalt with the lowest δ¹⁸OVSMOW values (9.0‰ and 9.2‰) were likely affected...

The Paleocene coals of the Salt Range in the Punjab Province of Pakistan have great economic potential; however, their trace element and stable isotopic characteristics have not been studied in detail except for a few sporadic samples. In this study, a total of 59 coal samples of which 14 are obtained from open cast mines have been investigated for...

Oxygen isotope data (δ18O) of quartz are reported for the San-yo and Ryoke belt granites, metamorphic rocks, and late-stage siliceous veins. The analyzed quartz showed δ18O values of 9.7-12.9‰ (relative to VSMOW) in granites, 15.1-17.3‰ in biotite schist, 16.4-17.8‰ in siliceous schist. The δ18O values of quartz in foliation-parallel and -normal ve...

The Loe-Shilman carbonatite complex in northwest Pakistan comprises carbonatite and ultrapotassic silicate rocks. The age and environment of emplacement of these rocks have long been controversial, and therefore, impeded our understanding on the regional tectonic setting. New whole-rock geochemistry, Sr-Nd isotopic and zircon petrochronological dat...

The Neo-Tethys Ocean separated the India and the Karakoram block of southern Asia during the late Mesozoic. Most native records have been significantly obscured by multiply later deformation and metamorphism during the early Tertiary India-Asia collision, the consecutively opening and closure evolutionary of the Neo-Tethys is least understood. This...

Geochronology and petrographical features of Koshikishima granites, Satsuma Sendai, Kagoshima prefecture are presented in the article (Abstract and text in Japanese).

The Mansehra Granitic Complex (MGC) is mainly comprised of Mansehra Granite, Hakale Granite, pegmatitic, microgranitic, and leucogranitic bodies in the northwest Lesser Himalaya of Pakistan. The Mansehra Granite is generally massive but occasionally gneissic due to local shearing manifested by solid-state deformation. Geochemical classification dia...

We investigated zircons from the Nagar Parkar Igneous Complex (NPIC) Gray and Pink granites for hafnium isotope and trace elements geochemistry to elucidate their petrogenetic source and tectonic setting. The studied zircons are characterized by oscillatory zoning, contain micro-inclusions of apatite, monazite, xenotime, and plagioclase. Rare-earth...

Thermometry of high-grade metamorphic rocks is difficult due to fast cationic diffusion during slow cooling, but the titanium content of calcium amphibole (Ti-Amp) can retrieve amphibole-forming temperature as high as ~1000 °C. Based on pseudosection modeling and past research survey, we find that Ti-Amp is controlled by temperature under the condi...

A preliminary report is presented on the occurrence and geochemical compositions of the siliceous protrusions grown on the surface of the andesite in the Sagata cave, Akune city, Kagoshima prefecture. Rocks exposed in the vicinity of Sagata are dominantly Neogene and younger volcanic rocks (mainly andesites). The cave, investigated in this study, i...

Kohistan, an intra-oceanic arc, formed due to the India-Asia collision-related tectonics. The arc is comprised of mafic-ultramafic and crustal lithologies. Chilas Complex, one of the major mafic-ultramafic body that lies at the base of the Kohistan arc, is dominantly composed of massive gabbronorites with local ultramafic-mafic intrusive bodies. Th...

Biogeochemical mobilization of arsenic in groundwater depends on the presence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) that likely promotes the As release, i.e., reductive dissolution, complexation, competition, and electron shuttling. We investigated the role of DOM in As release, along with its complete characterization, in the Indus plain of Pakistan,...

The precise timing, petrogenesis, and geodynamic significance of three granitoid bodies (Beidao granite, Caochuanpu granite, Yuanlongzhen granite, and the Roche type rock) of the Tianshui area in the Western Qinling Orogen, central China, are poorly constrained. We performed an integrated study of petrology, geochemistry, and zircon U-Pb dating to...

Apatite is significant phosphate-bearing accessory mineral that is omnipresent in most granitic rocks. In this study, we present geochemical characteristics of magmatic apatites from the Luming and Lower Yangtze granitic belts of NE and eastern China to explore their potential in petrogenesis, mineralization and tectonic evolution of granites. The...

Zirconium in rutile thermometry data from the garnet granulites of the Jijal Complex of Kohistan arc, NW Himalaya are presented in this study. The garnet granulites are composed of garnet, clinopyroxene, plagioclase, quartz, symplectic augite/amphibole, rutile, ilmenite, zircon, and magnetite. Rutile grains range in size from 50 to 350 µm, occur as...

U-Pb-Hf isotopes of zircons from the granitic intrusive rocks in the Iwakuni area of Southwest Japan are determined by LA-ICP-MS analysis. The Gamano Granodiorite belonging to the Older Ryoke Granites of the Ryoke Belt yielded U-Pb mean age of 92.3 ± 2.6 Ma (MSWD = 1.8). The Namera Granite belonging to the Younger Ryoke Granites of the Ryoke Belt y...

Hydrogeochemical methods were integrated to delineate the geochemical factors controlling fluoride (F-) contamination in groundwater at four sites in the districts of Lahore (Samada) and Kasur (Sari Chimba, Kot Maiga, and Chah Fatehwala) in Panjab province of Pakistan. Hydrochemical data and stoichiometric ratios indicate Na–Cl and Na–HCO3 as the d...

Granitic rocks are widely distributed on earth that are formed by the solidification/ crystallization of magma. Most granites contain zircons, an accessory mineral, that preserve records of the magmatic crystallization. In this study, zircons from the Neoproterozoic (750 Ma) Nagar Parkar Igneous Complex were studied for crystal morphology to constr...

The Shibi-san granodiorite body is located in the Satsuma peninsula, northwest of Kagoshima. It represents one of the Outer Zone-type Miocene granitic rocks of Kyushu, that intruded into the Cretaceous sedimentary rocks of the Shimanto supergroup. In this study, we investigated zircon crystal shapes that were separated from the granodiorite samples...

We report U-Pb zircon age data from the Neoproterozoic granites of the Nagar Parkar Igneous Complex (Fig. 1), evaluated the duration of the magmatism in the Indian Shield, and discuss the tectonic scenario in which the granites formed. Igneous zircons from two dominant varieties of granite (riebeckite-aegirine gray granite and biotite-hornblende pi...

We report Permian (ca. 272 ± 5.4 Ma) felsic dykes that intrude into the Neoproterozoic (ca. 750 Ma) magmatic suite of the Nagar Parkar Igneous Complex (NPIC), the western extension of the Malani Igneous Suite (MIS). The NPIC consists of Neoproterozoic basement amphibolites and granites (riebeckite-aegirine gray granites and biotite-hornblende pink...

Mansehra Granite (MG) is massive and sheared which contains light-gray to jet-black schistosed and light-gray micaceous quartzite restites. The later possess relatively higher quartz as compared with mica contents whereas the former has predominant quartz and feldspar. Enclosure of apatite and zircon in micas and absence of sillimanite in schistose...

This study reports zirconium-in-rutile thermometry data from the Himalayan ultrahigh-pressure eclogites and their retrogressed counterparts. The Zr contents of three textural varieties of rutile i.e. matrix rutile, inclusion phase, and overgrown by ilmenite/titanite from coesite-bearing eclogites, slightly retrogressed eclogites, highly retrogresse...

The Miocene granodiorite body (zircon fission track age by Miyachi, 1985) of the Mount Shibi, Kagoshima prefecture is a lenticular stock that intrudes the Cretaceous sedimentary rocks of the Shimanto belt. Previous studies subdivided the granodiorite body into the Kusu-bae (core facies) and Hira-bae (marginal facies) types based on the changes in l...

The subduction of Indian plate lithosphere during its collision with Asian plate in the Eocene resulted in a regional metamorphic belt along the strike of the Himalayan orogen. High-/Ultrahigh-pressure (HP/UHP) metamorphic rocks (eclogites and host gneisses) confirm the metamorphic event in western Himalaya (Kaghan ca. 46 Ma and Tso Morari at ca. 4...

Orogenic processes include the formation of oceanic and continental island arcs, subduction, accretion, collision of plates, and recycling of the subducting materials. A multi-disciplinary approach is essential for deep and comprehensive understanding of ‘orogeny’ involving such a large variety of geotectonic aspects. Therefore, in this thematic se...

A wide range of granite bodies are lying in the Pakistani Himalaya along the northern leading edge of the Indian plate in the Swat area of Pakistan. Several such bodies are collectively designated here as Swat granite gneisses. The latter are exposed mainly across the Chakdarra, Ilam-Karakar and Saidu-Parona areas. Lens-shaped K-feldspar augens in...

We present a detailed LA-ICP-MS U–Pb age data of zircons from the Nagar Parkar Igneous Complex in order to evaluate the duration of the Late Proterozoic magmatism in the Indian Shield. Igneous zircons from gray and pink granites in the complex have been investigated texturally, morphologically, and finally measured for 207Pb/206Pb, 207Pb/235U, 206P...

We report two generations of low-δ18O zircons from the Himalayan eclogites and their host gneisses. In situ SIMS δ18O analyses on single zircon crystals (with known age and Hf isotope ratios) from two populations of chemically distinct zircons demonstrate a complex history: (1) an early low-δ18O mantle-derived magma, (2) followed by post-emplacemen...

A pictorial review and brief description of metabasites (mainly eclogites) exposed in the western part of Himalaya, north Pakistan are presented. The metabasites occur in the Kaghan and Neelum valleys in the form of thick sheets, dikes, lenses, and zoned bodies. On the basis of petrography and mineral paragenesis, they can be distinguished into gre...

The Nagar Parkar Igneous Complex consists of Neoproterozoic igneous and metamorphic rocks dissected by mafic, felsic, and rhyolitic dykes. The latter can be classified broadly into porphyritic felsic dykes intruding gray and pink granites at Nagar Parkar and the surrounding areas, and the orthophyric felsic dykes intruding amphibolites, deformed pi...

Electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) maps and crystal-preferred orientation (CPO) of eclogite-facies (omphacite and garnet) and amphibolite-facies (hornblende and actinolite) phases are reported for understanding the rheological behaviour of crust during subduction. Two types of eclogites from the subduction-related high-pressure/low-temperat...

In this paper, a pictorial review and brief description of metabasites (mainly eclogites) exposed in the western part of Himalaya, north Pakistan is presented. First, a brief overview on the occurrence of various metabasites/eclogites outcrops in the field will be explained. Later, their petrological and textural features will be presented. Finally...

The Nagar Parkar complex consists of Neoproterozoic igneous and metamorphic rocks dissected by episodic mafic and felsic dykes. The latter can be classified broadly into porphyritic felsic dykes and aplitic felsic dykes (minor) intruding gray and pink granites at Nagar Parkar and the surrounding areas, and the orthophyric felsic dykes intruding amp...

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The Nagarparker area of Pakistan comprises igneous and metamorphic rocks dissected by coarse-grained gabbro dykes and medium- to fine-grained dolerites at Karai, Dhedvero, and the central part of the area. The gabbro dykes contain plagioclase (An79), diopside, diopsidic-augite, and olivine with minor biotite, magnetite, ilmenite, titanite, and ilme...

The Noda area in the Hokusatsu District, southwest Kyushu is underlain by the Imanokoba, the Ikenodan and the Ogakura Formations of the Cretaceous Shimanto Supergroup. The Imanokoba Formation comprises beds of sandstone and mudstone. The beds generally trend NE-SW and dip in a moderate to steep angles to the east or west. The Ikenodan Formation com...

The Kasuga High Sulfidation gold deposit is hosted in the silicified Late Miocene andesite of Nansatsu Volcanic Rocks in the southern part of the Satsuma Peninsula, Southwest Japan. Optical microscopic observations and X -ray fluorescence spectrometry (Horiba XGT -5000) analysis of two silicified andesite samples from the Ka-suga ore body revealed...

The Himalayan Metamorphic Belt of the Kaghan Valley transect in northern Pakistan is a key area where rocks of the Indian Plate have been subducted to greater depths >100 km beneath the Asian Plate and experienced high‐ to ultrahigh‐pressure metamorphism. At least three distinct metamorphic events can be recognized in the metamorphosed mafic rock u...

We present a geological review of the volcanic islands of the Caroline Islands group (Yap, Chuuk, Pohnpei and Kosrae) of the Federated States of Micronesia, to understand the origin and mechanism of formation of these volcanic islands. Previous geochronological data from the three volcanic islands (Chuuk: 14.8 to 4.3 Ma; Pohnpei: 8.7 to 0.92; and K...

We report ion microprobe U–Th–Pb geochronology of in situ zircon from the Himalayan high- and ultrahigh-pressure eclogites, Kaghan Valley of Pakistan. Combined with the textural features, mineral inclusions, cathodoluminescence image information and the U–Th–Pb isotope geochronology, two types of zircons were recognized in Group I and II eclogites....

薩摩半島中央部の八瀬尾地域（四万十帯北帯）には蛇紋岩類が分布することが知られている．従来「貫入岩体」と見なされていた蛇紋岩類は，産状によって蛇紋岩体，蛇紋岩孤立岩塊および蛇紋岩主体の崩壊堆積物に区別できる．蛇紋岩体は，ほぼ水平もしくは浅い皿状の構造的境界面を介して西傾斜の砂岩層・砂岩泥岩互層（四万十累層群佐伯亜層群）の上に載っていて，岩体基底部の変形構造は上位側の東方への相対的変位を示唆する．これらの観察結果から蛇紋岩体は西側から移動してきて佐伯亜層群の上に定置したクリッペであると解釈できる．九州西南部の地体構造と蛇紋岩類の分布状況から推定すると，蛇紋岩クリッペの後背地は秩父帯の黒瀬川帯とされる領域にあると考えられる．

The Indian subcontinent has been colliding against Asia along the Himalayas. Hindu Kush and Burma in this collision zone have intermediate-depth seismicities beneath them, with most of the continental crust subducted into a few hundred km depth. The subduction, not collision, in these regions is an enigma long time. We show that the continental lit...

Kohistan paleo-island arc is considered a complex entity of island arc and back-arc rock assemblages. It contains two major magmatic complexes: the layered ultramafic and mafic Chilas complex at the base, and the Kohistan batholith in the middle part. Back-arc basin rock assemblages, the Jaglot group, occur as septum within the Kohistan batholith....

Geological observations in the Horoman area, south-central Hokkaido, show that the Horoman peridotite complex of the Hidaka metamorphic belt is a tectonic slice about 1200 m thick. The peridotite slab is intercalated into a gently east-dipping structure. The underlying unit is a Cretaceous–Paleogene accretionary complex. Riedel shear planes in the...

We present U-Pb geochronology and trace element geochemistry of zircon from the Himalayan high- and ultrahigh-pressure eclogites, Kaghan Valley, Pakistan, by the in situ zircon using ion microprobe technique. These eclogites were previously divided into two groups on the basis of whole-rock and multi-isotope geochemistry. Combined with the textural...

Eclogites exposed in the Kaghan Valley of Pakistan are divided petrologically into two groups as high- pressure (HP) and ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) eclogites. Group I (HP) eclogites are composed of garnet + clinopyroxene + quartz + amphibole ± phengite ± epidote/allanite + rutile ± ilmenite with abundant zircon grains of large size (> 250 µm), consid...

Metamorphic history and tectonic evolution of the Himalayan UHP eclogites in Kaghan valley, Pakistan

A 100–4000 m wide and 15 km long dike swarm, consisting of basalt and dolerite, occurs at the base of the Thelichi Formation in the Kohistan paleo-island arc terrane, north Pakistan. The dikes contain hornblende (altered from diopsidic-augite), diopsidic-augite (relics; ophitic to subophitic texture), chlorite, epidote, sphene, apatite, zircon, ilm...

A classical example of Barrovian type metamorphic sequence is observed in pelitic schists, gneisses and eclogites from Balakot in the southwest to Babusar Pass in the northeast, Kaghan – Naran Valley, Pakistan Himalaya. This sequence comprises the first appearance of chlorite followed by biotite, garnet, staurolite, kyanite and sillimanite. Based o...