Gonzalo Macho

The stalked barnacle Pollicipes pollicipes is an important economic resource in Portugal and Spain. Two extreme phenotypes can be identified, based on their morphology. More elongated barnacles are associated with bad quality and have a lower commercial value. The fishers perception about the existence, definition and causes for this phenotypical/...

KEY FINDINGS AND MESSAGES 1) An estimated 44.7 million women worldwide participate in small-scale fisheries value chains or engage in subsistence activities, which translates into 39.6 percent of the total people active in the subsector. Women represent 15.4 percent of total employment in the pre-harvest segment of the small-scale fisheries value c...

WGCEPH worked on six Terms of Reference. These involved reporting on the status of stocks; reviewing advances in stock identification, assessment for fisheries management and for the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), including some exploratory stock assessments; reviewing impacts of human activities on cephalopods; developing identificati...

Twenty-five years ago, Margaret Barnes reviewed the genus Pollicipes published in Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review. Our review complements and updates Barnes (1996). An endemic species of Pollicipes, P. caboverdensis, from Cape Verde Islands, has since been described, joining the three previously known extant species (P. polymerus,...

Numerical biophysical models are a standard methodology used to provide estimates of larval dispersal and population connectivity for marine species with a bi-phasic life cycle. However, confidence on biophysical models, tested by confronting model estimates with empirical evidence, is seldomly assessed. We compared time-series estimates of larval...

Small-scale fisheries support the livelihoods of millions of people worldwide, contributing in terms of food supply and nutrition, jobs and income, and cultural and identity values. Despite this relevance, consideration of small-scale fisheries (SSF onwards) is often lacking from international policies, in part due to the lack of available informat...

Understanding large-scale spatial and temporal patterns of marine populations is a central goal in ecology, which has received renewed attention under climate change. However, few studies explore the large-scale dynamics of populations using standardized protocols and during the same time frames. We studied the phenology and intensity of reproducti...

Recent review papers have addressed progress in stock assessment and forecasting for fished cephalopods but there remains a need to develop appropriate management for many European cephalopod fisheries, given that cephalopods are not quota species under the Common Fisheries Policy. Here we briefly review potential barriers to sustainable fishing an...

Small-cale fisheries are important for livelihoods, food security, jobs and income worldwide. However, they face major challenges, including the increasing effects of climate change that pose serious risks to coastal ecosystems and fishing communities. Although scientific research on climate change impacts has increased in recent years, few studies...

The stalked barnacle Pollicipes pollicipes inhabits rocky shores from the Atlantic coasts of Brittany (France) to Senegal. Because of the culinary traditions of southern Europe, stalked barnacles represent an important target species for local fisheries on the Iberian Peninsula. To manage this fishery sustainably, it is therefore important to asses...

Environmental variables are known to regulate the reproductive output of marine intertidal organisms but typically these variables are studied as averages and interpreted at a macroscale level. Along 200 km of coast in NW Iberia a great variability in the reproductive activity of the stalked barnacle Pollicipes pollicipes was found among seven diff...

In January 2020, a stakeholder workshop was organized as a knowledge sharing strategy among European stalked barnacle fisheries. Management of this fishery differs greatly among regions and ranges from less organized and governed at large scales (>100 km, coasts of SW Portugal and Brittany in France) to highly participatory systems which are co-man...

The lack of effective governance is a major concern in small-scale fisheries. The implementation of governance that encompasses the three pillars of sustainability (social, economic, and ecological) is still a worldwide challenge. We examined nine stalked barnacle fisheries (Pollicipes pollicipes) across Southwest Europe to better understand the re...

Environmental controls on the biogeographic distribution of species are becoming increasingly relevant under the present climate change conditions. The reproductive cycle of the acorn barnacle Semibalanus balanoides at its southernmost European distribution limit in Galicia (Northwest Iberian Peninsula) was studied in two locations (42.57°N 8.96°W,...

In order to encourage cephalopod fisheries along the pathway towards sustainability, we developed a Sustainability Toolkit for Cephalopod Fisheries. This document was developed to engage cephalopod fishery and value chain stakeholders who are seeking (or already) following a pathway to sustainability. Our main aim is to provide information for stak...

This policy brief aims at providing a concise summary of scientific information that can help managers and policy-makers make informed decisions about the sustainability of cephalopod fisheries. It contains 10 important current issues affecting cephalopods and proposed possible solutions regarding the following topics: natural highs and lows in abu...

This booklet provides a summary of the main results obtained during the last three and a quarter years (2018-2021) of the Cephs & Chefs project, including: a brief overview of the octopus global trade network, with focus on the Portuguese and Spanish markets and value chains; an outline of market initiatives for cephalopod fisheries; insights about...

Heat waves are expected to increase in duration and frequency, impacting coastal ecosystems, especially intertidal organisms living near their thermal tolerance limits. Sedentary infaunal species are limited to some extent in escapes from sudden temperature changes, rather modifications to their physiology and behaviour are expected. This may lead...

The stalked barnacle *Pollicipes pollicipes* inhabits very exposed rocky shores from Brittany (France) to Dakar (Senegal) and it is highly prized and heavily exploited in Portugal and Spain. In Europe, several fisheries of this species can be identified with different features and governance/management approaches. None of the fisheries has independ...

Small-scale fisheries (SSFs), which provide an important source of livelihood for many coastal communities, are at risk from climate change. Benthic organisms are likely to be particularly affected by the impacts of climate change due to their low spatial mobility, which limits their capacity for adaptation. Therefore, SSFs that target sedentary re...

The abilities of estuarine species to respond to salinity fluctuations by behavioural and physiological responses can determine the maintenance of populations, particularly in the context of climate change. The native clams Ruditapes decussatus and Venerupis corrugata, the native cockle Cerastoderma edule and the introduced clam Ruditapes philippin...

The abilities of estuarine species to respond to salinity fluctuations by behavioural and physiological responses can determine the maintenance of populations, particularly in the context of climate change. The native clams Ruditapes decussatus and Venerupis corrugata, the native cockle Cerastoderma edule and the introduced clam Ruditapes philippin...

The link between the behavior of organisms living within the sediment and benthic-pelagic coupling is critical to our interpretation of impacts of physiological stress. The rapidity with which organisms respond to a stress and recover once a stress is removed impacts the cascade of secondary effects that result from such behavioral changes. Such be...

Ecology of the stalked barnacle (Pollicipes pollicipes) in Galicia

Abstract Small-scale fisheries (SSF) account for more than half the world’s catch and employ more than 90% of people engaged in fisheries. Galicia (NW Spain) has supported important shellfisheries (considered as SSF) throughout history. Currently, Galician shellfisheries involve more than 3 800 direct employments yielding in 2018 9.519 tonnes of bi...

Global catch reconstructions indicate higher fish removals than fisheries statistics reported by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Catch reconstructions provide key complementary information relevant to monitor the uses of marine resources, and the institutional capability of the relevant monitoring and management a...

The PERCEBES project aspires to answer questions regarding the effects of harvesting on the intertidal community and recovery potential of stalked barnacle populations after harvesting, for which a Human Exclusion Experiment has been deployed over 2 years in 4 regions: coast of Alentejo (Portugal), Atlantic Islands (Galicia, Spain), Western Asturia...

The stalked barnacle Pollicipes pollicipes (percebe) is a sessile marine invertebrate that inhabits extremely exposed intertidal and shallow subtidal rocky shores along the Eastern Atlantic coast from Brittany to Senegal. This species is a very important shellfish resource and intensively harvested (mainly in the Iberian Peninsula) by recreational...

In this study we hypothesize that Ostrom’s social-ecological system (SES) framework can be useful to address the introduction pathways and dispersal vectors of non-native species. We have applied this framework to the introduction of the Asian clam Corbicula fluminea in freshwaters in Galicia (Spain). We reviewed scientific and grey literature and...

Climate may influence biogeography through effects on adult survival and reproductive success. The acorn barnacle Semibalanus balanoides is the most widespread intertidal barnacle in the Northern Hemisphere. At its southernmost European distribution limit in northwestern Iberia (Galicia, northwestern Spain), winter temperatures are close to the the...

The knowledge of the spatial variability of the population dynamics of benthic organisms is essential for sustainable fisheries management, not only from a biological point of view, but also with a socioeconomic focus. More and more fisheries are intended to be managed with a social-ecological systems approach, but this approach requires a large am...

We combined different data sources to analyse key changes in the shellfisheries of Galicia (NW Spain). The shellfishing capacity of this region, a major fishing power in Europe, has been severely reduced in recent decades. The number of vessels has fallen by 13%, vessel length, capacity and engine power have decreased by 10%, 7% and 3%, respectivel...

Acute fluctuations in salinity due to extreme events may have significant impacts not only in mortality but also on physiological condition of species. This is of special concern when the affected species support important fisheries. In Galicia (NW Iberian Peninsula), the native clams Ruditapes decussatus and Venerupis corrugata, the introduced cla...

This repository, developed under the ICES Science Fund Project, includes detailed and innovative information about the different human uses and impacts on the oceans and their drivers. Research on marine social-ecological systems (SES) and sustainability goes with calls for deep social change (Steffen et al. 2015). Most of the research done on mar...

A growing concern is arising to recognize that ecosystem services (ES) production often requires the integration of non-natural capital with natural capital in a process known as co-production. Several studies explore co-production in different terrestrial ecosystems, such as agriculture or water delivery, but less attention has been paid to marine...

The gender dimensions in EU fisheries are frequently not taken into account, especially in coastal areas where SSF are highly important, such as Galicia (Northwest of Spain). Intertidal shellfish harvesting in Galicia (mainly focus on clams and cockles) is carried out almost exclusively by women (3300), but women also have a key role through the e...

Regional climate projections show that there will be an increase in the intensity and frequency of extreme rainfalls on the Atlantic coast of Europe. Acute fluctuations in salinity may have significant impacts not only on mortality, but also on physiological and behavioural responses of species. This is of special concern when the affected species...

In Galicia, three venerid bivalves are exploited in the intertidal zone by local fishery guilds: Venerupis corrugata, Ruditapes philippinarum, and Ruditapes decussatus. The precise effects of the duration and intensity of high-temperature episodes on these bivalves remain largely unknown, especially when the animals are in sediment which acts as a...

Northwest Spain, which includes the autonomous communities of Galicia, is one the main fishing regions of the European Union (EU), providing vital economic, cultural, and livelihood opportunities to its people. The present paper 'reconstructed' total fishery removals within the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and EEZ-equivalent waters of northwest Sp...

Climate change has had effects on many marine ecosystems and it is expected to affect geographic distributions of species which life cycles are usually influenced by temperature. As a result, there is considerable interest in predicting the effect of climate change on biogeography. Strong correlations have been found in previous studies between sea...

Argentina is a country with rich marine resources and an expansive continental shelf. The present paper reconstructs total marine fisheries removals in the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of Argentina from 1950 – 2010 by providing estimates of unreported components of fisheries catch in various sectors. The results indicate that reconstructed catch i...

Climate change has had effects on many marine ecosystems and it is expected to affect geographic distributions of species which life cycles are usually influenced by temperature. As a result, there is considerable interest in predicting the effect of climate change on biogeography. Strong correlations have been found in previous studies between sea...

Erratum to: AMBIO (2013) 42: 923–936 DOI 10.1007/s13280-013-0448-9In this communication we give the following erratum for the paper “All fish for China?” Since the Engel curve is formed by plotting the quantity of fish protein intake against the income (measured as constant GPD per capita), with all prices being held constant, income is plotted on...

Shellfisheries in Galicia (NW Spain) have undergone profound changes in the last 25 years, from a history of underdevelopment and overexploitation, towards a new more resilient and sustainable marine social-ecological system. A particular group, the S-fisheries (small-scale, spatially-structured and targeting sedentary stocks), have developed in Ga...

Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries contain fish stocks of critical importance for millions of individuals and thousands of fishing communities. These fish stocks harvested by small-scale fisheries (SSF) come from some of the richest and most diverse ecosystems of the world. This emphasizes the need for ecosystem stewardship that can contr...

There is consensus about two requirements for successful SSFs management; participation of the local community in the decision-making process and availability of trusted information to assess the fishery, conceived as a social-ecological system. Approaches from industrial fisheries management are not suitable, but bridging the gap between fishing c...

Many authors have pointed out the need for simpler assessment and management procedures for avoiding overexploitation in small-scale fisheries. Nevertheless, models for providing scientific advice for sustainable small-scale fisheries management have not yet been published and discussed in the scientific literature. Here we present one model; the c...

This talk refers to the two following abstracts as they appear in the ICES ASC 2014 Program: 1-Cooperation, trust and social networks improve social welfare of fishing communities in Peninsula Valdés (Argentina) 2- Ecosystem valuation, synergies and trade-offs of marine socialecological systems in South Patagonia (Argentina)

Knowledge of the biology of economically important marine resources is essential in fisheries management. However, the methodologies developed by scientists are usually not applicable for assessing small-scale fisheries (SSFs), as they are too complicated and/or too costly. Classic methodologies taken from industrial fisheries are usually very data...

Many authors have pointed out the need for simpler assessment and management procedures for avoiding overexploitation in small-scale fisheries. Nevertheless, models for providing scientific advice for sustainable small-scale fisheries management have not yet been published. Here we present one model; the case of the Barefoot Fisheries Advisors (BFA...

In this paper we examine the effect of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on the level of fish intake in China in comparison with the rest of the world. We also analyse the origin and destination of China's seafood products in order to understand the main patterns during the last decades. The results show that in the 1961-2011 period the rate of growth o...

In this paper, we summarize the contributions made by an interdisciplinary group of researchers from different disciplines (biology, ecology, economics, and law) that deal with key dimensions of marine social-ecological systems. Particularly, the local and global seafood provision; the feasibility and management of marine protected areas; the use o...

Marine ecosystem services are seriously undervalued, resulting in underinvestment in conservation and lost of opportunities for economic growth. As a result, recent studies have called for increased attention to development of a theoretical and empirical understanding behind the multiple and non-linear relationships among ecosystem services. Nevert...

Tradicionalmente se ha pensado que los invertebrados marinos antárticos desarrollan una serie de estrategias adaptativas para soportar el frío y la fuerte estacionalidad. Entre ellas, la supresión de la fase larvaria pelágica fue considerada como una de las principales adaptaciones de los invertebrados bentónicos marinos a las duras condiciones amb...

The aim of this study was to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of the larvae of several barnacle taxa (Elminius modestus, Balanus group, Chthamalus spp., Verruca stroemia and Pollicipes pollicipes) in the partially mixed estuary of the Ría de Arousa (Galicia, NW Spain). The study was conducted during nearly three years (1999–2001) at...

We present data from two interdisciplinary cruises conducted in the central part of the Bransfield Stait during 1999/2000 (CIEMAR project) and 2002/2003 (project BREDDIES project) austral summers. The physical support of the marine system is characterized by a quite rich mesoscale activity. We observed two fronts, a narrow slope front along the Sou...

The timing of larval release and the cues that control these rhythms (tidal, diurnal, or lunar cycles) were studied over a 2 mo period in the cirripeds Pollicipes pollicipes, Balanus spp. and Chthamalus spp., occurring on an exposed rocky shore in NW Spain. All of them showed rhythms of larval release, but the rhythms were different in each species...

The Paracentrotus lividus sea-urchin embryo bioassay, consisting of incubation of fertilized eggs in test water and measurement of the percentage of four-armed plutei larvae developed after the incubation period (2–3 days), has been adapted for in situ evaluation of seawater quality in coastal areas. Mature sea-urchins are dissectedin situ and fert...