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Биологическая эволюция. Круговорот вещества и энергии с позиции иерархической термодинамики

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Georgi Gladyshev at Russian Academy of Sciences
Georgi Gladyshev
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Биологическая эволюция. Круговорот вещества и энергии
с позиции иерархической термодинамики
По материалам лекции, прочитанной в Казахском Национальном Техническом Университете им.
К.И.Сатпаева, 4 ноября 2015 г., а также докладов в Российской Академии художеств
Г. П. Гладышев
     
                 !
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5$#(#05;75-&F$#=b(25$591$+$+5/@%$;&')5'$*>+-+(7*C%(C'&/)G5)-;8#5#-%$
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5$#(#05.$&2-;'$#1-%5+(1525)75-*-35.$&2-115#$
Рис.1. Круговорот вещества и энергии в биосфере
d$)(/ )$#'52(*>+(/ &'#$*2( 8-2(9=)($' ,)$*5.$+5$ &)-7-%+-; 6+$#355 E577&(
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)$*5.5+( fGgj&5&'$1= A&--')$'&'),C4$; 5$#(#055B )-9#(&'($' )&*$%&')5$ 8#5'-2(
6+$#355 ) &5&'$1, 59 -2#,G(C4$; &#$%= R+$#35/ 59 -2#,G(C4$; &#$%= 1-G$'
8-3*-4('>&/ #(9*5.+=15 &'#,2',#+=15 5$#(#05/15 R'5 8#-:$&&= -'#(G(C'&/
1(*$+>2515 A2#(&+=15 8,+2'5#+=15B +(8#()*$++=15 ))$#0 &'#$*2(15 AjB )+,'#5
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8-%-7+=$ 51 )-9%$;&')5/ F-#15#,C' %59(;+ -#3(+591-) 5 %#,350 5$#(#05.$&250
&'#,2',# "54(D5&'-.+52)+$[+$;6+$#3558-3*-4($'&/#(9*5.+=155$#(#05.$&2515
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-#3(+591( %*/ $3- G59+$%$/'$*>+-&'5@ +(8#51$#@ #-&'( 75-'2(+$; 5*5 %*/
6853$+$'5.$&2-3-)-9%$;&')5/V854$)=01-*$2,*W+(3$+$'5.$&25;(88(#('-#3(+591(SZ@
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&,8#(1-*$2,*/#+=$ &'#,2',#= k -#3(+591= k 8-8,*/:55 k 62-&5&'$1= 5 ' % R'5
8#-:$&&= /)*/C'&/ &(1-8#-59)-*>+=15 5 &-3*(&+- )'-#-1, +(.(*, '$#1-%5+(1525
0(#(2'$#59,C'&/,1$+>[$+5$1)$*5.5+fGgj&5&'$1
U(*$+>25$ +(8#()*$++=$ ))$#0 &'#$*25 A8$#)=$ &*$)( 59 %),0 +(8#()*$++=0 ))$#0
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&5&'$1=2(2#$9,*>'('%$;&')5/8#5+:58(&'(75*>+-&'5)$4$&')(@2-'-#=;8#-/)*/$'&/)
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l-*>[(/ +(8#()*$++(/ )+59 &'#$*2( ) 8#()-; .(&'5 #5&,+2( ,2(9=)($'@ .'- 8#-:$&&=
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1$'(7-*5'-) D 1-*$2,*/#+=0 &'#,2',#@ 2(2 5 &'#,2',# )&$0 %#,350 5$#(#05.$&250
,#-)+$;@&-3*(&+-)'-#-1,+(.(*,0(#(2'$#59,C'&/8(%$+5$1)$*5.5+fOgj&5&'$1=
b(251 -7#(9-1@ 8#$%&'()*$++(/ &0$1( 2#,3-)-#-'( )$4$&')( 5 6+$#355 ) 75-&F$#$
-'#(G($' )&$ 59)$&'+=$ 8#$)#(4$+5/@ ,.5'=)($1=$ 5$#(#05.$&25 -7-74$++=1
,#()+$+5$1 E577&(@ 2-'-#-$ 8-9)-*/$' -:$+5)('> 591$+$+5/ &)-7-%+-; 6+$#355 L
F,+2:55E577&(75-&5&'$1@('(2G$)$*5.5+=591$+$+5/)&$0.*$+-)6'-3-,#()+$+5/)
9(%(++=$ 8#-1$G,'25 )#$1$+5 ) '$.$+5$ 6)-*C:55@ F5*-3$+$9( 5 -+'-3$+$9( G5)=0
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2+(&'-/4$;9(1$'2$
h 9(2*C.$+5$ 9(1$'51@ .'- /)*$+5$ G59+5 /)*/$'&/ &*-G+=1 8-*55$#(#05.$&251
8#-:$&&-1@ -8#$%$*$+5$ 2-'-#-3- 9()5&5' -' '-.25 9#$+5/@ & 2-'-#-; 6'-' 8#-:$&&
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$&'>2(2$%5+,C&-)-2,8+-&'>)&$0$3-&-&'()*/C450@5-&-9+('>/)*$+5$G59+5@3-)-#/
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-85&(+5$ 8-2(9=)($'@ .'- G59+> 5 $$ 6)-*C:5/ 8#-'$2(C' ) &--')$'&')55 & -74515
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h&$*$++-;
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25 февраля 2016
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