Gary B. Perlmutter

North Carolina Botanical Garden · Herbarium

Arthonia rubrocincta morphologically and anatomically fits the generic concept of Coniocarpon and is here transferred to the latter genus as Coniocarpon rubrocinctum. Specimens from southeastern United States and Bahamas were studied and the range of the species is found to extend north into North Carolina, USA and southeast to the Bahamas. Thatch...

One hundred five species of lichenized and allied fungi are reported from recent and historical collections made in the Mitchell Mill State Natural Area in northeastern Wake County, North Carolina, USA. Mitchell Mill is unique among granitic flatrock communities in the southeastern United States by having riparian elements from the Little River, wh...

The known collections of the genus Cora in continental North America north of Mexico, all restricted to Florida, are shown to belong to a single species, representing a previously unrecognized taxon formally described herein as C. timucua. Based on data of the fungal ITS barcoding marker, obtained through Sanger and Illumina sequencing from two his...

Historical and recent material of Bacidia akompsa (basionym: Biatora akompsa) was studied to determine the taxonomic position of this crustose lichen, prompted by the appearance of the provisional name ''Lecanactis akompsa (Tuck.) ined.'' in multiple online lichen databases and checklists. Initial morphological assessment of verified material confi...

Material of Lecanora albopruinosa Looman was examined and found to belong to Circinaria contorta. This confirms the synonymy that was previously published seemingly without examination of the authentic material of L. albopruinosa. Further, L. albopruinosa Looman was found to be an illegitimate homonym of the European L. albopruinosa (Arnold) Nyl.,...

Buellia pleiotera is here noted as the correct name for of B."pleiotropa". New combinations are proposed for Hafellia fosteri and Collema occultum var. populinum to further complete the taxonomic transfers to Buellia and Rostania, respectively.

The invalid combination Stirtonia alba (Müll. Arg.) ined., based on Arthonia alba Müll. Arg., is listed for the continental United States in several important online repositories, including CNALH, USDA PLANTS and EOL. Although Arthonia alba belongs in Stirtonia, the name cannot be used in that combination, as it is blocked by S. alba Groenh. ex Mak...

We studied lichen communities on bole and base tree trunk segments along forest edge-tointerior gradients on opposite sides of a major highway and a control site in central North Carolina, U.S.A., to investigate if these two communities differ and if so, do they differ in response to highway pollution. At each site we measured various environmental...

Three checklist tables are presented from collections made during a study of corticolous lichen community response to highway pollution in western Wake County, North Carolina, USA. A total of 103 species of lichens and three species of allied fungi were found, representing 64 genera in 36 families. Two allied fungi, Amphisphaeria bufonia and Rebent...

We studied lichen communities along forest edge-to-interior gradients on opposite sides of a major highway and along a remote lakeshore in central North Carolina, U.S.A., to investigate highway pollution effects on this sensitive ecosystem component. At each site we sampled lichens on trees at 10 m intervals along each of five parallel transects es...

A seemingly undescribed Peltigera and several noteworthy collections were made during a gradient study examining highway effects on forest lichen communities in western Wake County, North Carolina, USA. Rebentischia massalongii is here newly reported from North Carolina. Acrocordia megalospora, Gyalolechia flavorubescens, and Porina scabrida are ne...

Following a large-scale phylogenetic study of the lichenized genus Cora (Basidiomycota: Agaricales: Hygrophoraceae), we formally describe 70 new species, honouring the seventieth birthday of David Leslie Hawksworth, one of the preeminent figures in mycology and lichenology in the past 50 years. Based on an updated phylogeny using the ITS fungal bar...

Nitrogen pollution in forests can cause serious ecological harm, ultimately resulting in reduced biodiversity dominated by weedy, pollution-tolerant species. Elevated NOx levels from vehicle emissions have been shown to penetrate roadside forests with the potential to impact the biotic communities within. Among the more sensitive ecosystem componen...

Recently collected specimens of the crustose lichen Melaspilea demissa from southeastern USA have been compared with those of Melaspilea spp. previously determined from North America. A review of both the historical and contemporary treatments of this species is provided. A lectotype was selected from the type collection of M. demissa in FH and is...

Forest tree lichen diversity and species composition was studied via parallel transects placed at increasing distances from highway I-40 in Wake County, North Carolina, USA to investigate the effects of vehicle emissions on this forest ecosystem component. Five 70-m long transects were lain at 10, 35, 70, 110 and 160 m from the road with the first...

Turnipseed Preserve in eastern Wake County, North Carolina was surveyed of its lichen diversity in 2009-2011. Specimens were collected from a variety of forest and rock outcrop habitats in this Outer Piedmont / Fall Line transitional zone. From 477 collections, 165 determined species representing 77 genera of lichens, including one lichenicolous fu...

Checklist is presented as online supplement to article in Evansia.

Many black meristematic fungi persist on rock surfaces-hostile and exposed habitats where high doses of radiation and periods of desiccation alternate with rain and temperature extremes. To cope with these extremes, rock-inhabiting black fungi show phenotypic plasticity and produce melanin as cell wall pigments. The rather slow growth rate seems to...

The Tuckerman Lichen Workshop is an annual event where professional and amateur lichenologists convene to practice their skills in lichen identification while exploring the lichen diversity of an area in eastern North America. The 19 th workshop in this series was held in the Augusta-Aiken area of Georgia and South Carolina from 11-15 March 2010. W...

The Uwharrie Mountains is an ancient range of isolated peaks (monadnocks) formed ca. 500 mya from the eruptions of a chain of volcanic islands in shallow seas that today stretch SSW -NNE in the Piedmont ecoregion of central North Carolina, USA. To date only one preliminary checklist exists for the lichens of the Uwharries, documenting 78 taxa from...

From 242 collections 120 determined species representing 68 genera of lichens are reported from a two-day survey of privately owned and protected bluff and bottomland forests in Darlington and Florence Counties of South Carolina in May 2008. We also report a handful of specimens representing apparently undescribed species in the genera Arthonia, Me...

Lichen diversity and coverage on willow oaks were measured in 16 parks in the Raleigh area of North Carolina, plus one natural area in nearby Orange County (control), as a pilot study for a potential statewide lichen biomonitoring project. This study's objectives were to assess the air pollution effects of the Raleigh urban airshed on these lichen...

Flakea papillata is a predominantly tropical, widespread lichen characterized by flake-like thalli of narrowly arranged, irregularly wrinkled, small bluish-green lobes, whose taxonomic position was unclear. The lichen shows superficial similarity with either algal colonies, bryophytes or fern prothallia, but the production of zeorin and other trite...

A preliminary checklist of 78 species in 47 genera of lichens from 137 collections made in the Uwharrie Mountains of the North Carolina Piedmont is presented. Notewothy finds include Mycoporum acervatum and Rinodina destituta as new for North Carolina, and six new records for the North Carolina Piedmont. Among the latter is the rare Xanthoparmelia...

As part of a baseline project to document the lichen biodiversity of the North Carolina Piedmont, the lichen biota of Mason Farm Biological Reserve (MFBR) at the North Carolina Botanical Garden, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, was inventoried in 2007 via a survey of permanent 0.1 ha vegetation plots in two distinct Piedmont forest...

Abstract The lichen flora of the Charlie Elliott Wildlife Center in the Georgia Piedmont was explored during successive Liking Lichens Teacher Workshops in July 2006 and 2007. Habitats surveyed include mesic mixed hardwood forest, Oak-Hickory forest and granitic flatrock. A checklist of 146 species in 64 genera from this workshop is presented. T...

A preliminary checklist of lichens and allied fungi collected in William B. Umstead State Park in central North Carolina is here presented, documenting 153 taxa in 76 genera from repeated forays in 2006-2007. Forty-six taxa are newly reported for the North Carolina Piedmont, of which 20 are newly reported for the state, including: Acarospora disper...

The generic concept in Parmeliaceae has been widely discussed and different opinions have been expressed in the literature resulting in widely differing generic classifications. Within the last decade, molecular data have been gathered in numerous studies and revealed that while some of the morphologically based genera were monophyletic, others wer...

From 71 collections 48 species representing 29 genera of lichens were found during a one-day foray in the Hoffman Trail area of Theodore Roosevelt Natural Area, North Carolina in December 2006. All but one were found on bark, with nearly equal representation in the midbole and canopy layers of the forest; only one species was found growing on the f...

The Lecanoromycetes includes most of the lichen-forming fungal species (> 13500) and is therefore one of the most diverse class of all Fungi in terms of phenotypic complexity. We report phylogenetic relationships within the Lecanoromycetes resulting from Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses with complementary posterior probabilities and bootstr...

A total of 34 species representing 22 genera of lichens were found during a one-day foray at Fort Macon State Park, North Carolina; collections focused on the fort and surrounding maritime forest. This checklist supplements that of the nearby Theodore Roosevelt Natural Area (managed by the State Park), which was surveyed during the 12th Tuckerman W...

Based on surveys of the literature and herbaria, including internet-available herbarium databases (“virtual herbaria”), plus recent collections, the lichen flora of the Piedmont of North Carolina, USA, consists of 338 taxa representing 110 genera in 41 families including three taxa of uncertain position. Broken down by habit, the flora is 32% crust...

The distribution of Flakea papillata in North America is here reported from a survey of herbarium specimens. Unlike reported specimens from the tropics, North American F. papillata is primarily saxicolous with the first report on soil. Examined specimens were found in humid habitats near water.

The Lecanoromycetes includes most of the lichen-forming fungal species (>13 500) and is therefore one of the most diverse class of all Fungi in terms of phenotypic complexity. We report phylogenetic relationships within the Lecanoromycetes resulting from Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses with complementary posterior probabilities and bootstr...

Frond growth and development of Pentagramma triangularis subsp. triangularis was examined in canyon populations in Ventura County, California during the winter growing season of 2003. Fronds developed from emerging croziers to full size within 35 days and reached sexual maturity by 70 days. Frond growth occured in two stages with stipe elongation n...

A checklist of lichens from a thorough literature review of both printed and online resources covering North Carolina, USA is presented. This list contains over 600 taxa from the state.

Gender distributions of the dimorphic shrub Malosma laurina were studied in a population in Ventura County, California, via assessment of population sex ratio, estimation of phenotypic and functional gender, and analysis of sex expression of individual plants. Reproductive investment was investigated via flower number and biomass as well as its eff...

In 1994-1998 I examined laurel sumac (Malosma laurina) shrubs in Matilija Canyon, Ventura County, California, for sex-identifying characteristics, augmented by study of herbarium specimens. Malosma is confirmed as polygamodioecious with detailed descriptions of staminate, andromonoecious and pistillate sex morphs at the individual, inflorescence, f...

The arrival times of Black-crowned Night-Herons (Nycticorax nycticorax) in northwestern California were studied in February and March 1991. Birds arrived 56 min before sunrise at 3.07 lx light intensity, on average. Night-herons arrived earlier on cooler mornings • and mostly avoided the roost during moderate to high winds. Fewer birds arrived as t...

Small mammal populations were sarnpled in six plant communities on Santa Catalina Island during the summer of 1986. Two of three native species were captured, namely: Peromyscus maniculatus catalinae and Reithrodontomys megalotis catalinae. Both species were found to be widely distributed on the island and apparently abundant in maritime desert scr...