G. P. Sinha

Botanical Survey of India (Retired Scientist)

Flora of Uttar Pradesh, Vol. II dealing with 897 species under 432 genera and 59 families along with additional enumeration of 233 cultivated taxa is presented here for users.

The present study recorded 36 genera and 115 species of the lichen family Teloschistaceae in India. Three species, i.e. Caloplaca rajasthanica S. Y. Kondr., Upreti et G. P. Sinha, Huriella upretiana S. Y. Kondr., G. K. Mishra, Nayaka et A. Thell, and Squamulea uttarkashiana S. Y. Kondr., Upreti, Nayaka et A. Thell, are described as new species. Sev...

Twelve species are added to the lichen flora of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Arthonia cyanea Müll. Arg., Arthonia mira R. Sant., Byssoloma discordans (Vain.) Zahlbr., Enterographa bartlettii Sérus., Herpothallon queenslandicum (Elix) Elix, Malmidea tratiana Kalb & Mongk., Opegrapha heliabravoa Herrera-Campos & Lücking and Strigula macroc...

Phlyctis atomella (Stirt.) S. Joseph, G. P. Sinha & S. Nayaka comb. nov. MycoBank No.: MB 835457 Platygrapha atomella Stirt., Proc. Roy. Philos. Soc. Glasgow 11, 317 (1879).—Schismatomma atomellum (Stirt.) Zahlbr., Cat. Lich. Univ. 2, 553 (1924); type: India, Nilgiris [‘Neilghiri’], D. G. Watt s. n. (BM—lectotype!). Graphidastra himalayana Jagadees...

Five species of Eremothecella are recorded from the Andaman Islands, two of which are described as new: Eremothecella ajaysinghii Jagad. Ram & G. P. Sinha and E. nicobarica Jagad. Ram & G. P. Sinha. Eremothecella ajaysinghii has whitish grey, pruinose ascomata and 8–10(–11)-septate ascospores, while E. nicobarica has non-pruinose ascomata and (14–)...

Three species viz., Parmotrema saccatilobum (Taylor) Hale, Pyxine cocoes (Sw.) Nyl and Ramalina inflata (Hook.f. & Taylor) Hook.f. & Taylor are reported new to lichens of Himachal Pradesh. They are described here with diagnosticcharacters, ecology and photographs to facilitate their identification.

Three species viz. Parmotrema saccatilobum (Taylor) Hale, Pyxine cocoes (Sw.) Nyl and Ramalina inflata

A new species Enterographa assamica, in the family Roccellaceae sensu lato is described from Assam, India. It is characterized by whitish grey thallus, rounded to elongate ascomata with yellowish-white thalline margin and presence of lichexanthone and confluentic acid in the thallus. A key to all the known species of Enterographa in India is also p...

Twenty five species are added to the lichen flora of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Arthonia aciniformis Stirt., A. nigratula (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant., Coenogonium disciforme Papong et al., Echinoplaca diffluens (Müll. Arg.) R. Sant., Fellhanera pilomarginata Lücking, Physcia fragilescens Zahlbr., Porina subnitidula Colín & B. Peña, Pseudopyr...

The present communication includes a list of 411 species of lichens under 147 genera reported or described from India after the publication of “Indian Lichens: An Annotated Checklist” by Singh and Sinha (2010). According to latest issue of Plant Discoveries 2016 (Singh and Dash, 2017) 2511 species of lichens are known from India. However, a thoroug...

Lichen research in India observed a rapid development in the recent years. Singh and Sinha (2010) in their publication “Indian Lichens: An Annotated Checklist” listed most of the references available untill the book was sent to press. In continuation of the same in this communication we gather a total of 638 research articles, books and Ph.D. thesi...

A first assessment on the lichen biodiversity of Neora Valley National Park in the Darjeeling Himalaya has been made. The investigation reveals the occurrence of 157 species in 60 genera and 33 families. Of these 75 are crustose, 62 foliose and 20 fruticose. This includes 15 endemic taxa. Parmeliaceae shows highest generic as well as species divers...

Eastern Himalaya, a part of the Himalaya biodiversity hotspot region has been assessed for its lichen diversity, based on the own collections, identifications, field observations and published literature. Out of ca 2540 species so far, known from India, 1047 species,1 sub species and 4 varieties distributed in 592 crustose, 321 foliose, 125 frutico...

The paper deals with an account of lichen diversity in Sohelwa Wildlife Sanctuary, Uttar Pradesh. The study revealed occurrence of 39 taxa belonging to 20 genera and 14 families. Physciaceae is the most dominant family and Bacidia is the most dominant genus in the area. In addition, Arthonia dispersula Nyl., Herpothallon sticticum Jagadeesh & G.P....

Twenty four species are added to the lichen flora of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. rthonia speciosa (Müll. Arg.) Grube, Arthopyrenia malaccitula (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Bactrospora leptoloma (Müll. Arg.) Egea & Torrente, Dictyomeridium campylothelioides (Aptroot & Sipman) Aptroot et al. and Stirtonia rhizophorae Kalb & Mongkolsuk are reported as...

A rare species Icmadophila ericetorum (L.) Zahlbr., earlier reported from West–Bengal hills in India, is recorded second time from Sikkim. The species is briefly characterized and its ecology and distribution is discussed.

A preliminary survey of lichen diversity in the Terai regions of Uttar Pradesh has been carried out in Pilibhit district. The investigation revealed, three species viz. Agonimia allobata (Stizenb.) P. James, Coenogonium aciculatum Lücking and Aptroot and Malmidea bakeri (Vain.) Kalb, Rivas Plata and Lumbsch are new records for India and ten species...

The lichen species Alyxoria culmigena (Lib.) Ertz collected from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, is reported as a new record to India. A detailed description and figures of new record along with distribution map and key to all known Alyxoria species in India are provided.

Lithographa olivacea Fryday, a lichenized fungus is reported as new generic as well as specific record for India, based on the collection made from Neora Valley National Park, West Bengal. The species is characterized by its saxicolous habit, lirellate ascomata, and simple or submuriform hyaline ascospores. a detailed description and figures are pr...

A first note on foliicolous lichens of Assam enumerating 26 species belonging to 15 genera and eight families are provided. Four species viz., Bacidina apiahica, Byssoloma chlorinum, Calopadia fusca and Strigula nitidula are reported for the first time from Assam. A number of rare species are present, including Aulaxina uniseptata, Calenia aspidota...

A world key to the genera Cryptothecia and Myriostigma is presented. Four species of Cryptothecia: C. albomaculans, C. elata, C. elongata and C. superphyllinica, and a Myriostigma: M. nicobaricum are described as new to science from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Cryptothecia albomaculans has a heteromerous thallus, whitish ascigerous area...

Lithographa olivacea Fryday, a lichenized fungus is reported as new generic as well as specific record for India, based on collections from Neora Valley National Park of West Bengal. The species is characterized by its saxicolous habitat, lirellate ascomata, and simple or submuriform hyaline ascospores. A detailed description and figures are provid...

The paper presents an updated list of 90 species of lichens from the state of Rajasthan, India. Three species marked by an asterisk (*) viz. Malmidea psychotrioides (Kalb & Lücking) Kalb, Rivas Plata & Lumbsch, Staurothele rugulosa (A. Massal.) Arnold and Willeya diffractella (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. are new records for India while 35 species marked by do...

A preliminary survey of lichen diversity in the Terai regions of Uttar Pradesh has been carried out in Pilibhit district of Uttar Pradesh. The survey has revealed the occurrence of 44 species of lichens under 22 genera and 18 families. This includes three species viz. Agonimia allobata (Stizenb.) P. James, Coenogonium aciculatum Lücking & Aptroot a...

The present paper deals with two new records for lndia of the genus Opegrapha viz., O. subdimidiata from West Bengal and O. xerica from Sikkim. A detailed account and figures of the both species are provided to facilitate their identification.

Gyalidea corticola sp. nov. (Solorinellaceae) is described as a new species from India. The species is characterized by its pale brownish apothecia, submuriform ascospores and habitat preference.

Protoparmelia hesperia (Kantivilas & Elix) Kantvilas, Papong & Lumbsch is discovered from Assam as a new record to the lichen flora of India. The species is characterized by its crustose thallus, lecanorine apothecia, 12-16 spored asci and simple, small ascospores.

Acanthothecis subconsocians, a new lichen species is described from India. It is characterized by presence of striate excipulum, inspersed hymenium with warty paraphysis tips and (1)3–7(9) septate ascospores. A description of the species is given with notes on distribution, ecology, illustration and taxonomy.

The lichenicolous species of genus Melaspilea has been studied. As a result, a new species Melaspilea amarkantakensis has been described and M. insitiva has been lectotypified. The new species grows on the thallus and ascomata of Pertusaria species in ‘sal’ forests of central India and is characterized by relatively small, blackish ascomata, I– and...

The type specimens of Synarthonia bicolor and S. stigmatidialis were examined, leading the authors to revise their descriptions as well as the generic description. Also, two new species of Synarthonia, viz. S. psoromica and S. sikkimensis are described from India. Synarthonia psoromica, collected from the Nilgiri Hills of Tamil Nadu, is characteriz...

While working on checklist of Indian Lichens (Singh and Sinha 2010) a few new combinations were published. Out of these, two species were found as later homonyms. These require replacement names (ICN, 2012: Article 6.11, 41). The same is proposed below.

The paper presents an updated list of 90 species of lichens from the state of Rajasthan, India. Three species marked by an asterisk (*) viz. Malmidea psychotrioides (Kalb & Lücking) Kalb, Rivas Plata & Lumbsch, Staurothele rugulosa (A. Massal.) Arnold and Willeya diffractella (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. are new records for India while 35 species marked by do...

Twenty lichen taxa are reported as additions to the lichen flora of Sikkim; one of these Lecanora horiza (Ach.) Röhl recollected after 1905. Their characteristic features and distribution are briefly discussed.

Caloplaca indica, a new species is described from the Eastern Himalaya, India. It is discovered from the states of Arunachal Pradesh and West Bengal. It is characterized by the greyish UV+ orange thallus, biatorine to lecanorine apothecia, amphithecium with pale brown crystals and three locular ascospores.

A corticolous lichen, Opegrapha irosina Vain., is reported as new record for India based on collections from Kerala an West Bengal

A lichen species Syncesia farinacea (Fée) Tehler collected from the Nilgiri hills of Tamil Nadu is reported as new to India. A detailed description and figures along with additional information about its pycnidia, oil globules in young ascomata and rare isidia like structures not mentioned in earlier reports for this species are also provided.

The genus Psorotheciopsis Rehm recorded by Cunningham from Calcutta in 1879 has been rediscovered for India after a gap of 135 years. The taxonomic characters of Psorotheciopsis patellarioides (Rehm) Rolf Santesson are provided to facilitate the identification of the species. (© 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

The paper presents an updated list of 250 species of lichens known so far from the state of Assam. 31 species marked by an asterisk (*) are new records for the state.

The paper deals with the occurrence of epiphytic lichens on shade trees and tea plant Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze in tea gardens of Assam. The shade trees are usually leguminous and include Albizia odoratissima (L.F.) Benth., A. chinensis (Osbeck) Merr., A. moluccana Miq., A. procera (Roxb.) Benth., A. lenticularis (L.) Willd, A. lucidior (Stend....

A gyrophoric acid-containing Caloplaca species is reported from India for the first time. Caloplaca gyrophorica was found growing over rocks in temperate regions of Neora Valley National Park, Darjeeling, India. It is compared with the other three known gyrophoric acid-containing Caloplaca species and with the morphologically similar C. hueana.

Two lichen species, Bacidia arceutina(Ach.) Rehm & Arnold and B. heterochroa(Müll. Arg.) Zahlbr., from Sikkim are reported as new to India.

Kobresia harae Rajbh. et H.Ohba (Cyperaceae) is reported for the first time from India. Nomenclature, description, phenology, habit, habitat, distribution and illustrations are provided here. The species is known so far from North Sikkim district only.

A corticolous lichen species, Opegrapha granulosa Siljo & G.P. Sinha, with a UV+ pale yellow thallus, is described as new to science from the Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve, West Bengal, India.

Graphis pseudoaquilonia Lücking has been found as new record for Indian lichen flora from Assam. It is characterized by striate labia, clear hymenium, terminally muriform ascospores and the presence of norstictic acid.

The present paper deals with Lecanora bicinctaRamond, a new record to the lichen flora of India. In addition, 10 species of lichens, new to lichen flora of Sikkim, are also dealt with. These are: Lecanora argentata (Ach.) Degel., L. chlarotera Nyl., L. cinereofusca H. M agn., L. luteomarginata Nayaka et al., L. phaeocardia Vain., L. pulicaris (Pers...

The paper deals with four species of Opegrapha: O. agelaeotera Vain., O. medusulina Nyl., O. ochrocheila Nyl. and O. subrimulosa Nyl. from Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve, West Bengal and are recorded for the first time from India.

A new lichen species, Pyrenula darjeelingensis (Pyrenulaceae), is described from the Eastern Himalayan region of India. It is characterized by having 5-septate to submuriform ascospores with papillate apices and the terminal lumina mostly not separated from the exospore by an endospore layer. Six additional species of Pyrenula are reported for the...

The paper presents the occurrence of seven species of lichenized Ascomycetes: Chapsa pseudophlyctis (Nyl.) A. Frisch, Fissurina elaiocarpa (A.W. Archer) A.W. Archer, Helminthocarpon leprevostii Fée, Lithothelium illotum (Nyl.) Aptroot, Myriotrema subminutum Homchantara & Coppins, Polymeridium catapastum (Nyl.) R.C. Harris and Trypethelium ceylonicu...

Five new species of Cryptothecia: C. alboglauca, C. bengalensis, C. farinosa, C. multipunctata and C. verruculifera, and two new species of Herpothallon: H. granulosum and H. isidiatum are described from India. Herpothallon australasicum (Elix) Elix & G. Thor and H. granulare (Sipman) Aptroot & Lücking are also reported as new records.

Herpothallon flavominutum and H. himalayanum, two new lichenized ascomycetes, are described from India. Herpothallon flavominutum has a byssoid thallus with granular pseudoisidia and a white prothallus and hypothallus and contains lichexanthone, norlichexanthone, and psoromic acid whereas H. himalayanum has a byssoid thallus with irregularly cushio...

Two new species, Graphis neoraensis and Hemithecium himalayanum (Graphidaceae) are described from the well protected Neora Valley National Park in the Eastern Himalaya, India.

The paper records the occurrence of Erythrodecton malacum (Kremp.) G. Thor, an interesting species of lichen in the family Roccellaceae as new generic and specific record for India.

Enterographa bengalensis, a new species is described from the mangrove reserve – Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve, West Bengal, India. It is characterized by the convergent punctiform to lirelliform ascomata, 12–15(–17) septate fusiform ascospores and the presence of psoromic acid. In addition, three species of the genus viz. E. anguinella (Nyl.) Redin...

Parmelina chozoubae and P. nagalandica are described on the basis of collections made from Nagaland, India.

The paper deals with 4 species of Lichens viz. Fissurina egena (Nyl.) Nyl., Graphis bulacana Vain., G. dendrogramma Nyl., Myriotrema minutum (Hale) Hale and Phaeographis epruinosa (Redinger) Staiger recorded for the first time from India.

Several lichenized, non-lichenized and lichenicolous fungi are reported from the Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve in India. Megalaria bengalensis is described as new to science. Eight species, viz. Amandinea insperata (Nyl.) H. Mayrhofer & Ropin, Anisomeridium tamarindi (Fée) R.C. Harris, Encephalographa anthracothecii Diederich, Enterographa mesomela...

A new species of lichen, Graphis sundarbanensis, is described from India. It is characterized by ascomata with a pruinose wide-open disc, a laterally carbonized apically convergent exciple and 6–8 locular halonate ascospores.

A new species, Chrysothrixseptemseptata, is described from India. It is characterized by 7-septate ascospores, which is unique within the genus. It is currently known only from the Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve, where it grows in mangrove plantations.

A new species of pyrenocarpous lichen, Pyrenulasubcylindrica, from the Sundarbans area on the delta of the River Ganges is described. It is characterized by ascomata with a distinct clypeus, and 767 μm long made up of cells with rounded to polygonal lumina and with subacute apices.

Several species of lichenized and non-lichenized pyrenocarpous ascomycetes are reported from the Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve in India. The species Astrosphaeriella sundarbanensis Jagadeesh & Aptroot is new to science. It has the largest ascospores in the genus. Five species are new records for India, viz. Anisomeridium leptospermum, Anthostomella...

Melanelia microglabra and Parmelia hygrophiloides from India are described as new to science. Three additional species of Parmeliaceae are reported for the first time from India.

Hypogymnia sikkimensis (Parmeliaceae) from Sikkim, India is described as new to science. In addition, Allocetraria flavonigrescens is reported for the first time from India.

A new species, Cladonia singhii Ahti & Dixit (type from the state of Arunachal Pradesh), is described. A further seven Cladonia species, C. corniculata, C. kanewskii, C. laii, C. luteoalba, C. mauritiana, C. mongolica and C. rei, are reported as new to the recent checklist of lichens of the Indian subcontinent. The presence of C. cartilaginea in In...

Myelochroa sikkimensis (Parmeliaceae) from Sikkim, India is described as new to science. An additional two species of Parmeliaceae are reported for the first time from India.

A new method, based on ultra-weak photon emission, for estimating the physiological activity of lichen samples is described. Both Parmelia tinctorum and Peltigera polydactyla have been studied using this method. It has also been applied to study the effect of a number of biocides on Parmelia tinctorum. The minimum concentrations required for comple...

LICHEN DIVERSITY IN SIKKIM G.P. Sinha and T.A.M. Jagadeesh Ram ABSTRACT ichens, one of the excellent examples of symbiotic association, are group of non vascular cryptogams. They occur in all possible environmental habitats of the world, but are diverse in tropical region and luxuriant in temperate-alpine areas. Lichenologically, Sikkim along with...