Frank Bungartz

Arizona State University | ASU · Biodiversity Information Knowledge Center

A checklist of Lichen-forming, Lichenicolous and Allied Fungi of Ecuador is presented with a total of 2599 species, of which 39 are reported for the first time from the country. The names of three species, Hypotrachyna montufariensis , H. subpartita and Sticta hypoglabra , previously not validly published, are validated. Pertusaria oahuensis , orig...

Fungal species are not immune to the threats facing animals and plants and are thus also prone to extinction. Yet, until 2015, fungi were nearly absent on the IUCN Red List. Recent efforts to identify fungal species under threat have significantly increased the number of published fungal assessments. The 597 species of fungi published in the 2022-1...

Lichen collected worldwide for centuries have resulted in millions of specimens deposited in herbaria that offer the potential to assess species boundaries, phenotypic diversification, ecology, and distribution. The application of molecular approaches to historical collections has been limited due to DNA fragmentation, but high-throughput sequencin...

Sarcogyne similis is found to produce psoromic acid, a substance previously known from only one other species in the family Acarosporaceae. Study of more than one hundred specimens from throughout the range of S. similis confirms the species is widely distributed from Nova Scotia, Canada, south throughout much of the eastern United States, and west...

As part of a larger systematic and taxonomic revision, including molecular phylogenetic analysis, of lichenized Basidiomycota in the Dictyonema clade, ten species are described as new from tropical America, seven in the foliose genus Cora and three in the filamentous genus Dictyonema: Cora arachnoidea J. E. Hern. & Lücking, sp. nov., C. aspera Wilk...

A replacement name Obscuroplaca for the illegitimate genus Phaeoplaca is introduced. The three known species are transferred as Obscuroplaca camptidia, O. ochrolechioides, and O. tortuca.

Phylogenetic reconstructions based on ITS/5.8S, mtSSU and nuLSU DNA sequence data suggest that Lecanora pringlei from North America and a closely related new species from the Altai Mountains, Russia, should be transferred to a new genus Pulvinora, phylogenetically related to Frutidella. It is distinguished by Lecanora-type asci, mycolecanorine apot...

Sticta is a subcosmopolitan genus most diverse in the tropics. Traditionally, many taxa were considered to be widespread and morphologically variable, following broadly circumscribed morphodemes. Among these is the S. weigelii morphodeme, characterized by a cyanobacterial photobiont and rather narrow, flabellate to truncate or tapering lobes produc...

This basidiolichen species is endemic to Galapagos. A recent species inventory found only five populations across four different islands. Natural habitats of Acantholichen galapagoensis are known from threatened tree ferns and shrub (Cyathea - endangered, Psychotria - vulnerable) and a vegetation type that is in many parts of Galapagos has deterior...

Mobergia calculiformis is a rock dwelling lichen, from the Pacific Coast of Southern California and the Baja Peninsula. There has been an inferred >50% overall population reduction based on all United States subpopulations having been extirpated, which has led to a reduction in Area of Occupancy (AOO),Extent of Occurrence (EOO), and number of locat...

Aim Phylogenetic diversification is a precursor to speciation, but the underlying patterns and processes are not well‐studied in lichens. Here we investigate what factors drive diversification in two tropical, morphologically similar macrolichens that occupy a similar range but differ in altitudinal and habitat preferences, testing for isolation by...

The lichen family Teloschistaceae from the Galapagos is revised. Most of the species belong to the Caloplacoideae, two to Teloschistoideae and a few to Xanthorioideae, three subfamilies not validly published, which is remedied here. Four different datasets were analyzed using Bayesian inference. For the bulk of the species, a combined dataset of nr...

The former family Lobariaceae, now included in Peltigeraceae as subfamily Lobarioideae, has undergone substantial changes in its generic classification in recent years, based on phylogenetic inferences highlighting the polyphyly of the speciose genera Lobaria, Pseudocyphellaria and Sticta. Here we introduce the new genus Emmanuelia, named in honor...

As part of the Galapagos lichen inventory, species in the genus Lecanora and closely related genera have been revised, using both historic and recent collections. A total of 34 species are reported of which fourteen are new to science: Lecanora atro-ocellata, L. cactacea, L. cerebriformis, L. cerebrosorediata, L. confusoides, L. darwiniana, L. kalb...

Teloschistes peruensis is a bright orange lichen with a narrow distribution in Peru and Chile. Its AOO is 8 km2 and it is extant at only two locations. Its population size, area of occupancy (AOO), extent of occurrence (EOO), habitat quality, and the number of locations where it occurs have declined substantially due to development, off-road recrea...

As part of an ongoing comprehensive inventory of all Galapagos lichens, the genus Parmotrema has been revised. In Galapagos this genus is represented by thirty-five species, seven described as new to science: Parmotrema cactacearum , P. erectociliatum , P. lawreyi , P. marcellianum , P. pustulotinctum , P. saxoisidiatum and P. weberi . Parmotrema w...

This article is the tenth series of the Fungal Diversity Notes, where 114 taxa distributed in three phyla, ten classes, 30 orders and 53 families are described and illustrated. Taxa described in the present study include one new family (viz. Pseudoberkleasmiaceae in Dothideomycetes), five new genera (Caatingomyces, Cryptoschizotrema, Neoacladium, P...

As part of an ongoing, comprehensive inventory of all Galapagos lichens, the genus Usnea is revised. In Galapagos this genus is represented by 27 species. Although 23 species had previously been reported, two are synonyms, and seven historic records must now be considered erroneous. Nine species are reported here for the first time and an additiona...

For the first time we document several species of micro-mollusks in the Galapagos inhabiting lichens and bryophytes, possibly using them as part of their diet. Eight species of micro-mollusks were found as a by-catch among 10% of 400 herbarium specimens collected throughout the archipelago. Nine species of lichens and 6 of bryophytes were inhabited...

This study is a re-assessment of basidiolichen diversity in the Galapagos Islands. We present a molecular phylogenetic analysis, based on 92 specimens from Galapagos, using two nuclear ribosomal DNA markers (ITS and nuLSU). We also re-examined the morphology and anatomy of all sequenced material. The molecular results confirm our previous assessmen...

We provide an expanded and updated, 2-locus phylogeny (mtSSU, nuLSU) of the lichenized fungal family Trypetheliaceae , with a total of 196 ingroup OTUs, in order to further refine generic delimitations and species concepts in this family. As a result, the following 15 clades are recognized as separate genera, including five newly established genera...

Following a large-scale phylogenetic study of the lichenized genus Cora (Basidiomycota: Agaricales: Hygrophoraceae), we formally describe 70 new species, honouring the seventieth birthday of David Leslie Hawksworth, one of the preeminent figures in mycology and lichenology in the past 50 years. Based on an updated phylogeny using the ITS fungal bar...

Three new species of Diploicia are described from the Galapagos Islands and a fourth, D. glebosa , is transferred from Pyxine ; all four are considered endemic to the archipelago. In order to accommodate these species, the generic concept of Diploicia has been emended. Two of the species are sterile; D. leproidica is placodioid-leproid, where the t...

As part of a comprehensive biodiversity inventory of Galapagos lichens, species in the genus Rinodina were reviewed. If most of the new species occur only in the archipelago, the degree of endemism in Galapagos Rinodina could be as high as 37%, significantly higher than the rate previously suggested for Galapagos lichens in general (8–10%). Across...

We provide an expanded and updated, 2-locus phylogeny (mtSSU, nuLSU) of the lichenized fungal family Trypetheliaceae, with a total of 196 ingroup OTUs, in order to further refine generic delimitations and species concepts in this family. As a result, the following 15 clades are recognized as separate genera, including five newly established genera:...

We present a taxonomic revision of the lichenized basidiomycete genus Acantholichen, species of which produce a characteristic blue-gray, microsquamulose thallus with spiny apical hyphal cells known as acanthohyphidia. Since its discovery, the genus was thought to be monospecific, only including the generic type, A. pannarioides. However a detailed...

This revision of Pertusaria in the Galapagos Islands documents twenty-four species, twenty-two being new to the archipelago. Secondary chemistry correlates well with morphology and anatomy and is particularly useful in distinguishing these taxa. Eight species are described as new to science, and seven are known only from the Galapagos: Pertusaria a...

Myriospora westbergii is described from the Galapagos Islands where it is considered to be endemic. It differs from other species of Myriospora by its emergent apothecia with a distinctly elevated thalline margin that increasingly blackens from the inside. The species is most similar in general appearance to M. hassei, a lichenicolous lichen parasi...

Significance Macrolichens are considered to be well known, including the tropical montane basidiolichen fungus Dictyonema glabratum , also known as Cora pavonia , an important component of threatened paramo ecosystems, where it acts as a biological fertilizer due to its ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen. This lichen was long believed to represent...

Thirty-one saxicolous species of Buellia s.l. with one-septate ascospores were examined from the Greater Sonoran Desert Region. They are distinguished by thallus morphology, exciple anatomy, spore ultrastructure, secondary chemistry, ecology and distribution. As a result, seven new species are described. Other species are reported from the region f...

As part of an ongoing species inventory for the Galapagos Archipelago, sterile leprose and leproid lichens have been revised. Differences between leprose vs. leproid growth forms are discussed in the light of significant recent advances in the taxonomy of Lepraria. Five species have a strictly leprose morphology: Lepraria achariana, L. aff. incana,...

As part of an ongoing, comprehensive inventory of all Galapagos lichen species, the genus Bulbothrix is revised here. In Galapagos it is represented by five species of which only one, B. laevigatula, had previously been reported. Bulbothrix lyngei, B. scortella and B. subdissecta are all new to Galapagos; they also represent the first reports of th...

Chrysothrix galapagoana is described from the Galapagos Islands where it is considered to be endemic. It is most similar to the fertile species C. placodioides, described from historical collections from Brazil, but differs in having smaller mature pseudo-areolate granules and in reproducing asexually from granules usually produced on the upper sur...

As part of a comprehensive biodiversity inventory of Galapagos lichens, all species in two closely related genera, Cryptothecia and Herpothallon, are reviewed. Both genera are superficially similar, ecorticate, cottony-byssoid crusts and are unusual insofar as their asci do not develop in distinct ascomata, but instead within ascigerous areas or ev...

As part of a larger systematic and taxonomic revision, including molecular phylogenetic analysis, of lichenized Basidiomycota in the Dictyonema clade, ten species are described as new from tropical America, seven in the foliose genus Cora and three in the filamentous genus Dictyonema: Cora arachnoidea J. E. Hern. & Lücking, sp. nov., C. aspera Wilk...

As part of an ongoing comprehensive inventory of the Galapagos lichen flora, all species in the Cladoniaceae from the archipelago have been revised using both historic and recent collections. A total of twenty-six species is reported here, one species of Cladia and twenty-five Cladonia species. One species, Cladonia bungartzii, is described as new...

Unlabelled: • Premise of the study: This study elucidates the phylogenetic position of a unique taxon of Graphidaceae occurring on rock in coastal desert areas, assessing its importance for our understanding of the evolution of the largest family of tropical lichenized fungi. • Methods: We used maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches to rec...

Biodiversity inventories are an essential part of conservation science. Ecologist cannot afford to ignore poorly known species groups, assuming that understanding the ecology of few emblematic species is sufficient to preserve biodiversity of complex ecosystems. The Galapagos Islands as one of the best studied tropical archipelagos is a prime examp...

Usnea species with a red-orange cortical or subcortical pigmentation were studied in the tropical Andes (Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia) and the Galapagos Islands. Sixteen species are treated, 14 occurring in the Andes and six in the Galapagos. Usnea crocata, U. grandisora (endemic to the Galapagos), U. rubricornuta and U. subdasaea...

Based on morphological, anatomical, chemical, ecological and molecular evidence, Blarneya is synonymized here with Tylophoron. The molecular phylogeny derived from sequences obtained from sporodochia of Blarneya places this genus, described to accommodate an anamorphic lichen with white cushion-shaped sporodochia, within Tylophoron. This conclusion...

The study of the type specimens of Buellia sequax revealed that the current concept of this species is erroneous and instead corresponds to B. abstracta. By contrast, B. sequax s. str. is characterized by the same diagnostic characters as presently accepted for B. excelsa. Consequently, they represent one and the same taxon. Since B. sequax is the...

The number of undescribed species of lichenized fungi has been estimated at roughly 10,000. Describing and cataloging these would take the existing number of taxonomists several decades; however, the support for taxonomy is in decline worldwide. In this paper we emphasize the dire need for taxonomic expertise in lichenology. We bring together 103 c...

The number of undescribed species of lichenized fungi has been estimated at roughly 10,000. Describing and cataloging these would take the existing number of taxonomists several decades; however, the support for taxonomy is in decline worldwide. In this paper we emphasize the dire need for taxonomic expertise in lichenology. We bring together 103 c...

As part of an ongoing comprehensive inventory of Galapagos lichens, a first assessment of the morphology and anatomy of basidiolichens from the archipelago is presented here. It is the basis for further studies of the taxonomy, ecology and biogeography of this poorly known group of lichens. Four genera, all in Hygrophoraceae, can be distinguished:...

Four species of the Buellia subalbula-group are recognized in the Southern Hemisphere. Buellia albula is widely distributed on calcareous rocks in southern and temperate Australia and in New Zealand. The new species Buellia xantholeuca also occurs on calcareous rocks and is sometimes associated with B. albula. It is only known from southwestern Wes...

Parmelioid lichens are a diverse and ubiquitous group of foliose lichens. Generic delimitation in parmelioid lichens has been in a state of flux since the late 1960s with the segregation of the large, heterogeneous genus Parmelia into numerous smaller genera. Recent molecular phylogenetic studies have demonstrated that some of these new genera were...

As part of an ongoing comprehensive inventory of the Galapagos lichen flora, all species in the Graphidaceae from the archipelago have been revised using both historic and recent collections. A total of forty-two species is reported here, of which thirty-four were previously unknown from the archipelago and two are described as new to science: Grap...

The Agaricales is the largest and most diverse order of mushroom-forming Basidiomycota, with over 100 natural groups recognized in recent Fungal Tree of Life studies. Most agarics are either saprotrophic or ectomycorrhizal fungi, but the family Hygrophoraceae is in part characterized by a unique and remarkable diversity of lichenized forms. The mos...

Phylogenetic diversity of lichen photobionts is low compared to that of fungal counterparts. Most lichen fungi are thought to be associated with just four photobiont genera, among them the cyanobacteria Nostoc and Scytonema, two of the most important nitrogen fixers in humid ecosystems. Although many Nostoc photobionts have been identified using is...

The “species pair“ concept obscures both intra- and interspecific relationships and should be abandoned, evolutionarily and taxonomically. Based on our molecular phylogenetic work on the genus Roccella we are able to show for the first time that sexually and vegetatively dispersed entities in an anticipated “species pair“ (Roccella galapagoensis/R....

A comparison of Buellia turgescens Nyl. ex Tuck. with B. badia (Fr.) A. Massal. demonstrates that the two taxa are identical. Both have very similar thalli, identical apothecial anatomy, identical size and structure of the ascospores, and bacilliform conidia. Consequently, B. turgescens should not be included in the genus Amandinea, which was erect...

Six species of saxicolous Buellia s.l. containing xanthones are reported from the Greater Sonoran Desert Region: Buellia concinna, B. halonia, B. mamillana, B. prospersa, B. subaethalea, and B. trachyspora. All species have a pale yellow to greenish yellow thallus characterized by the presence of xanthones. Nevertheless, they all show distinct char...

In 1971, W. A. Weber described Buellia saurina from aeolian sandstone in the Dinosaur National Monument in Utah, U.S.A. In his description, Weber mentioned several characters that are rather unusual for the genus Buellia, especially a lemon yellow thallus and a violet-brown hymenium. Careful re-examination of material at ASU and the holotype from C...

Species related to Buellia aethalea have been examined from the Greater Sonoran Desert Region. In the region, B. aethalea s.str. is a rare montane species. A similar, subalpine species is B. eganii, first reported from New Mexico by R. S. Egan, now validly described here. Most common in the Buellia aethalea-group is B. spuria, a species which does,...

A new lichen community, the Lecidelletum crystallinae ass. nova, is described here. It occurs on gypsum crusts in the Namib Desert, an almost rainless coastal fog region of southwest Africa. In addition to Lecidella crystallina, the community is also characterized by Caloplaca volkii and Buellia sipmanii Bungartz & Wirth sp. nova. Although widespre...

[New: Angiactis Aptroot and Sparrius gen. nov., A. bermudensis LaGreca sp. nov. (Bermuda), A. littoralis (Kantvilas) Aptroot and Sparrius comb. nov. (Tasmania and Western Australia), and A. spinicola Aptroot and Sparrius sp. nov. (Galapagos Islands).]

Verrucaria rubrocincta Breuss is an endolithic lichen that inhabits caliche plates exposed on the surface of the Sonoran Desert. Caliche surface temperatures are regularly in excess of 60 degrees C during the summer and approach 0 degrees C in the winter. Incident light intensities are high, with photosynthetically active radiation levels typically...

Liquenes de Galápagos.

As part of a recent species inventory of lichens of the Galapagos Archipelago , 14 islands were visited, new specimens were collected, and recent and historic herbarium material was revised. Results of this study are presented here for the Collemataceae. In the family, only two genera are known from the islands: Collema, and Leptogium. The low, sem...

The generic concept in Parmeliaceae has been widely discussed and different opinions have been expressed in the literature resulting in widely differing generic classifications. Within the last decade, molecular data have been gathered in numerous studies and revealed that while some of the morphologically based genera were monophyletic, others wer...

Ramalina species are among the most abundant lichens on the Galapagos Isles. A total of fifteen species have been distinguished, four of which are described as new here: Ramalina darwiniana, R. fragilis, R. furcellangulida and R. polyforma. These new species are considered to be endemic to the Galapagos whereas previous reports refer to relatively...

The Society of Herbarium Curators Newsletter Volume 2, Number 2 -July 2007 FROM THE EDITOR Greetings! I trust that each of you is having an enjoyable and produc-tive summer. As you will see from the articles that follow, many of your fellow SHC members have been quite busy. In fact, we have so much information to pass along in this issue, that ther...

Buellia peregrina is described as new to science from small limestone pebbles on exposed ground of the coastal Namib Desert, Namibia. The species is unusual for two reasons: (1) it is the only species in Buellia s.l. currently known to grow euendolithically, i.e., establishing a thallus entirely within its rock substratum, and (2) its apothecia con...

Species related to Buellia aethalea have been examined from the Greater Sonoran Desert Region. In the region, B. aethalea s.str. is a rare montane species. A similar, subalpine species is B. eganii, first reported from New Mexico by R. S. Egan, now validly described here. Most common in the Buellia aethalea-group is B. spuria, a species which does,...

The following species of Buellia s.l. from the Greater Sonoran Desert Region are described new to science: Buellia nashii, B. navajoensis, B. regineae and B. sheardii. A valid description is provided for B. lepidastroidea, a name introduced by Imshaug, but never validly published. Buellia argillicola is reported from the Sonoran Region for the firs...

Six saxicolous species of Buellia, which were previously generally identified as Buellia punctata, were examined from the Sonoran Desert. None of the species belongs to B. punctata s. str. Though inconspicuous, it can be demonstrated that the thallus morphology of these species is quite distinct and far less variable than previously assumed. Most s...

In 1971, W. A. Weber described Buellia saurina from aeolian sandstone in the Dinosaur National Monument in Utah, U.S.A. In his description, Weber mentioned several characters that are rather unusual for the genus Buellia, especially a lemon yellow thallus and a violet-brown hymenium. Careful re-examination of material at ASU and the holotype from C...

A comparison of Buellia turgescens Nyl. ex Tuck. with B. badia (Fr.) A. Massal. demonstrates that the two taxa are identical. Both have very similar thalli, identical apothecial anatomy, identical size and structure of the ascospores, and bacilliform conidia. Consequently, B. turgescens should not be included in the genus Amandinea, which was erect...

The anatomy of the endolithic, calcicolous lichen Verrucwia rubrocincta Breuss is described using optical and scanning electron microscopy. This lichen is locally abundant in caliche plates of open desert pavements in the Sonoran Desert of south-western Arizona. The endolithic growth of V. rubrocincta is distinctly layered. The upper layer is a fin...

This study compares three saxicolous Buellia species with ± pruinose apothecia and rimose thalli rich in calcium oxalates. Buellia subalbula (Nyl.) Müll. Arg. is a new record to North America. It is a common crustose lichen on coastal rocks of southern California (U.S.A.) and northern Baja California (Mexico). The species was first described from C...

The North American taxa Buellia retrovertens, B. blumeri, B. tucsonensis and B. cinereoglauca are synonymized with B. dispersa. The species was originally described from Europe where it occurs in the Mediterranean and the inner alpine dry valleys. In North America the species grows in arid to semi-arid environments of the southwestern United States...

A method using spot test reagents with refillable technical pens used by architects and artists for precise ink drawings is explained.

Verrucaria rubrocincta is an endolithic lichen that inhabits exposed caliche in southwestern Arizona. It has developed a survival strategy against the high photon fluxes, aridity, and temperature extremes of the Sonoran Desert. The lichen occurs within the surface of caliche plates. Verrucaria rubrocincta -inhabited caliche can be distinguished fro...

Zusammenfassung: Über folgende interessante Flechtenfunde erfolgt eine kurze Beschreibung der Belege sowie ihres Fundorts und der Standortbedingungen: Bacidia viridifarinosa Coppins & P. James (Erstnachweis für Deutschland), Arthonia endlicheri (Garov.) Oksner (Wiederfund einer in Deutschland verschollenen Art), Enterographa crassa (DC.) Fee und Ar...

Summary of a survey of lichen species found to be growing on the Cathedral of Cologne (Kölner Dom).

Results of the 3rd lichen survey meeting in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern

Kurzfassung: 1m Jahr 1995 wurde die Vegetation des Brodenbachtals (Mosel) eingehend untersucht. Aufgrund einer sorgfältigen Überprüfung der Herzbarbelege der Flechten und aufgrund der Bestimmung etlicher bis dato nicht identifizierter Belege wird hicr einc vollstiindige Liste aller aus dem Brodenbachtal nachgewiesenen Flechtenarten vorgestellt. Die...

Brief summary about a taxonomic revision of specimens in the lichen herbarium of Theodor Müller at the Rheinisches Herbar, Naturhistorischer Verein der Rheinlande und Wesfalens, Bonn.

Im Jahr 1995 wurden die Waldgesellschaften des Brodenbachtals (Mosel) vegetationskundlich eingehend untersucht. Auf den trockenen Oberhängen der S-exponierten Talseite stockt das Hieracio-Quercetum, auf feinerdereicheren Standorten das Aceri-Quercetum. Bestände des Galio-Carpinetum an den mittleren und unteren Talhängen sind wahrscheinlich durch Ni...

Probably the first workshop anywhere on the management of habitats for lichens took place at the University of Bangor, Wales from the 3rd to the 6th of September 1997. As th~ only visitor from abroad I have been given the task of giving a personal atcount of the two and a half day meeting which brought together 24 lichenologists and conservationist...

Pathogens known to cause diseases of Galapagos plants included in this checklist are so-called phytopathogenic fungi. Strictly speaking some are not true fungi, but have a similar growth form and ecology as true fungi.Some phytopathogenic fungi are endemic to Galapagos infecting only endemic or native plants. Uredo scalesiae for example is a rust f...