Franco Chiarini

National University of Cordoba, Argentina | UNC · Institute for Multidisciplinary Plant Biology (IMBIV)

INTRODUCCIÓN Un aspecto importante de la investigación científica lo constituye el conocimiento de la anatomía e histología vegetal, campo de estudio de gran importancia para el reconocimiento preciso de las especies vegetales, desde el punto de vista del proceso de desarrollo de sus tejidos y órganos. Así, la histología vegetal adquiere relevancia...

Introducción y objetivos: Solanum elaeagnifolium, morfológicamente variable, se multiplica sexual- y asexualmente y es invasora en distintas partes del mundo. Se desconoce su rango de origen y como se propagó fuera de él. En Argentina existen poblaciones naturales diploides, tetraploides y hexaploides. Presenta tres linajes genéticos claramente dis...

Within the cosmopolitan family Solanaceae, Physalideae is the tribe with the highest generic diversity (30 genera and more than 200 species). This tribe embraces subtribe Physalidinae, in which phylogenetic relationships of some genera are not entirely resolved. Chromosomes may help on resolution, by providing information on the processes underlyin...

Since the publication of the Solanaceae treatment in “Flora Argentina” in 2013 exploration in the country and resolution of outstanding nomenclatural and circumscription issues has resulted in a number of changes to the species of the Morelloid clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) for Argentina. Here we describe three new species: Solanum hunzikeri Chi...

Within the cosmopolitan family Solanaceae, Physalideae is the tribe with the highest generic diversity (30 genera and more than 200 species). This tribe embraces subtribe Physalidinae, in which positions of some genera are not entirely resolved. Chromosomes may help on this goal, by providing information on the processes underlying speciation. Thus...

Physalideae incluye 29 géneros y ca. 300 especies, siendo una de las tribus morfológicamente más diversas dentro de la familia Solanaceae. Se ubica dentro del clado ‘X = 12’ debido a que su número cromosómico básico es constante, excepto por el género monotípico Quincula, con x = 11. A pesar del valioso recurso que representan los caracteres cromos...

Iochrominae is a largely Andean clade known for its remarkable diversity of floral forms and colors. Although knowledge of chromosomal changes can provide insights into the processes underlying speciation, such data in Iochrominae are scant. We performed cytogenetic analyses to characterize chromosome number and morphology, CMA/DAPI heterochromatic...

Chromosome data are fundamental in evolution. However, there has been no attempt to synthesize and evaluate the significance of such information from a phylogenetic perspective in the giant genus Solanum, which was the aim of this work. New and published information of the main cytotaxonomic features (chromosome number, polyploidy, total length of...

Abstract. Solanum elaeagnifolium is a global invasive weed that is polyploid in the South American range. Our aim was to establish the origin and distribution of these polyploid lineages, together with their relationship with the invasion of new habitats. Ploidy level was determined in 26 natural populations using chromosomal counts, and two non-co...

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The Solanum elaeagnifolium clade (Elaeagnifolium clade) contains five species of small, often rhizomatous, shrubs from deserts and dry forests in North and South America. Members of the clade were previously classified in sections Leprophora, Nycterium and Lathyrocarpum, and were not thought to be closely related. The group is sister to the species...

Questions Most vegetation descriptions tacitly assume that floristic composition and physiognomy are tightly linked. However, the two vegetation properties may not respond in a similar way to environmental and disturbance gradients, leading to uninformed management planning and difficulties when attempting to restore degraded ecosystems. In this co...

The heterochromatin distribution and the position of 18-5.8-26S, and 5S rDNA loci were determined in 13 species of Solanum of the Morelloid and Dulcamaroid clades. The CMA/DAPI staining and FISH were employed. Two types of constitutive heterochromatin were determined: CMA+/DAPI− associated to NOR and CMA+/DAPI− distributed as terminal bands. In the...

Heterogenity of the vegetation of basaltic environments in central Argentina. The flora and the vegetation of basaltic outcrops of Los Cóndores Mountains, central Argentina, are described. Plant communities were sampled following the Braun-Blanquet methods. The 98 relevés * 272 species matrix was classified through the ISOPAM method. The classifica...

p>Se decribe la flora y la vegetación de pasiajes basálticos de la Sierra de Los Cóndores, Córdoba, Argentina. La vegetación se estudió según criterios de la escuela de Braun-Blanquet; la matriz de 98 inventarios × 272 spp. fue clasificada a través del método ISOPAM. El análisis discrimina tres comunidades correspondientes respectivamente a las tre...

Within Solanaceae, Nolana L. f. and Sclerophylax Miers are two genera that have deserved special attention because of their rare anatomical characteristics. However, they are poorly known from the cytogenetic perspective. In order to discuss their chromosome features in an evolutionary context, classical staining, chromomycin A3/4′-6-diamidino-2-ph...

With the purpose of discussing the evolutionary dynamics of the karyotypes and their relationship with key geological events, chromomycin A3/4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (CMA/DAPI) banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques were applied to metaphase chromosomes of 13 Jaborosa spp. and Sclerophylax spinescens, and the resultin...

Polyploidy has played a major role in the evolution of many eukaryotes. Up to know, most polyploid species studied, both plant and animal, have been recurrently formed from different progenitor populations. Solanum elaeagnifolium (Solanaceae) is a weedy species which invades several areas around the world, being North America its probable center of...

The chromosomes of Solanum nelsonii, S. sandwicense (endemic to the Hawaii islands) and S. vespertilio (from the Canary islands) were studied by means of classical staining, CMA/DAPI banding and FISH with probes for the 18-5.8-26S and 5S rDNA genes. The aim of this study was to test for chromosomal changes (chromosome number, karyotype, heterochrom...

p>Diferenciación cromosómica en tres especies de Leptostemonum (Solanum, Solanaceae) endémicos de islas oceánicas. Los cromosomas de Solanum nelsonii, S. sandwicense (endémicos de las islas Hawaii) y de S. vespertilio (de las islas Canarias) fueron estudiados por medio de tinción clásica, bandeo CMA/DAPI y FISH con sondas para los genes de ADNr de...

The biota inhabiting the Suquía River Basin is described in this chapter. Comments on the species of fish, birds, invertebrates and aquatic plants registered in this system are included. Along the basin, different factors generate a noncontinuous mosaic of abiotic conditions at temporal and spatial levels, which, in turn, structure the biotic commu...

En este trabajo se relevó, caracterizó la flora y exploró la variación composicional de la vegetación en afloramientos de basaltos del centro de Argentina y se determinaron las asociaciones entre la composición florística y diferentes variables climáticas representativas de la variación a escala regional. Se relevaron cuatro complejos de afloramien...

On the occasion of preparing the Flora of Cordoba, new records for the Argentinean flora have been registered as a result of intensive field trips and the revision of the main herbaria collections of the country. In this paper, three new records for the native flora and 17 for the introduced flora (casual aliens and naturalized species) of Argentin...

p>Novelties for the Flora of Argentina. On the occasion of preparing the Flora of Cordoba, new records for the Argentinean flora have been registered as a result of intensive field trips and the revision of the main herbaria collections of the country. In this paper, three new records for the native flora and 17 for the introduced flora (casual ali...

The Sierra de Famatina System is one of the main areas of endemism within the Southern Cone, as well as one of the main diversity hotspots of Argentina. We present here the first checklist for Sierra de Famatina, which includes 909 taxa (species, subspecies, varieties and forms) of vascular plants from 77 families and 358 genera. Sixty-eight are ne...

Classical staining and in situ fluorescent hybridization with probes for the 18–5.8–26S and 5S genes were performed in Famatinathus decussatus (endemic from Argentina), in order to know its main chromosomal characteristics and to compare them to related genera. The species is a paleopolyploid with 2n = 54, likely originated from x=9, and its karyot...

Abstract— A new taxonomic circumscription of Solanum section Lathyrocarpum is proposed to include 11 species from North and South America. The section is placed in the cosmopolitan S. subgenus Leptostemonum, which contains 350‐450 species. As defined here, S. sect. Lathyrocarpum includes all the taxa resolved in the Carolinense clade in previous mo...

Cytogenetic studies in 22 Bignoniaceae species were performed. Most taxa are from Argentina, one from Brazil, and two are cultivated (from South Africa and USA). All data are new, including first counts for Bignonia binata, Handroanthus ochraceus, Tabebuia aurea and the genus Podranea. Most taxa are diploid (2n = 40): members of tribes Bignonieae (...

Polystichum is one of the most diverse genera of ferns, with 360–400 species distributed worldwide. South America harbors ~40 species, clustered in three centres of diversity, namely, the Northern and Central Andes Center (NCC), the Brazilian Center (BC) and the Southern South America Center (SSC). To increase our understanding of the systematic re...

In mountains of Central Argentina, which have severe fragmentation and replacement of natural vegetation, rocky outcrops are important habitats for biodiversity conservation, as refuges for endemic and rare species. In this paper, we explore the local compositional variation of vegetation in calcium and dolomitic outcrops of Sierras de Cordoba and...

En las montañas del centro de Argentina, con una intensa fragmentación y reemplazos dela vegetación natural, los afloramientos rocosos constituyen hábitats importantes para la conservaciónde la biodiversidad, como refugios de especies endémicas y raras. En este trabajo se exploró lavariación composicional local de la vegetación en afloramientos de...

Tribe Cestreae is monophyletic with three genera: Cestrum, Sessea, and Vestia. Karyotypically, it is outstanding within Solanaceae by several features: (1) basic number x = 8, (2) large chromosome sizes, (3) complex heterochromatin patterns, (4) occurrence of B-chromosomes (Bs) in Cestrum with particular banding patterns and rDNA sites distribution...

Abstract— The large and economically important genus Solanum contains ca. 1,400 species distributed worldwide. One of the 12‐14 major clades identified in the genus is the Leptostemonum clade, or the “spiny solanums.” Previous molecular phylogenetic studies have identified 14 major clades in the spiny solanums. Among these is the Carolinense clade,...

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was applied to detect gene rearrangements and genome downsizing in Solanum elaeagnifolium, an invasive weed with 2n = 24, 48 and 72 populations. The probes employed were pTa71 containing the 18S–5.8S–26S gene, and a 5S rDNA probe obtained from S. stuckertii. As a result, diploids presented a pair of 18S–5.8...

In order to study the evolution of different cytogenetic characters in species of Solanum sect. Acanthophora in relationship to the known phylogeny for this group, the following techniques were used: CMA/DAPI chromosome banding; fluorescent in situ hybridization with probes for the 18-5.8-26S and the 5S rDNA genes in mitotic chromosomes; nuclear DN...

Flora of Argentina - Solanaceae Taxonomic treatment and illustrations of genera Combera, Pantacantha, Leptoglossis, Reyesia, Salpiglossis, Solanum (Cyphomandropsis, Geminata, Leptostemonum).

A total of 106 samples taken from natural Argentinean populations of the weedy Solanum elaeagnifolium (subgenus Leptostemonum) were studied cytologically to understand the impact of the different ploidy levels in its distribution and origin. Classical Feulgen staining was employed to determine mitotic chromosome numbers in all samples. 2C nuclear D...

A new species of Solanum belonging to section Acanthophora (subgenus Leptostemonum) from Argentina and Brazil is described. Solanum neei Chiarini & L.A.Mentz, sp. nov. is found in clearings of semideciduous forests and in secondary formations, from the states of Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina in Brazil to the Misiones province in Arge...

Esta guía es el resultado de un trabajo conjunto entre pequeños recolectores e investigadores de la UNdeC, para rescatar conocimientos populares y fomentar una ecología de saberes. Presenta veinte especies de plantas aromáticas y medicinales nativas de Famatina y Guanchín, con sus usos tradicionales y los científicamente comprobados.

Los afloramientos rocosos constituyen hábitats importantes desde el punto de vista de conservación de la biodiversidad. En este trabajo se provee de un catálogo de las especies de plantas vasculares que crecen en los afloramientos cálcicos y dolomíticos (mármoles) y serpentinitas de la Sierra de Córdoba, se describe la variación composicional de su...

Si bien el Chaco Serrano constituye una de las principales unidades fitogeográficas de la provincia de Córdoba, son escasos y restringidos los relevamientos florísticos disponibles. Por ello, en este trabajo se analiza la composición florística del Chaco Serrano entre los 400 y 1700 m.s.m. A lo largo de los cuatro cordones montañosos que lo compone...

The mature fruits of 10 South American species of Solanum sect. Torva were studied. Cross and longitudinal microtome sections, stained with astra blue/basic fuchsin, were made for microscopic examination. All species present an epidermis formed by a unistrate layer of small, isodiametric cells, with dense content and cellulosic walls. Immediately b...

The mature fruits of 10 South American species of Solanum sect. Torva were studied. Cross and longitudinal microtome sections, stained with astra blue/basic fuchsin, were made for microscopic examination. All species present an epidermis formed by a unistrate layer of small, isodiametric cells, with dense content and cellulosic walls. Immediately b...

Solanaceae has a center of diversity in South America, with several genera endemic to the Andes. Molecular studies recognize the “x = 12” clade, including subfamily Solanoideae, Nicotiana, and Anthocercideae. Solanoideae is the largest group in the family having still many members cytologically unexplored. The mitotic chromosomes and karyotypes of...

The identity of Witheringia sellowiana, a narrow endemic species from São Paulo (Brazil), is reconsidered. After analysis of the protologue and the morphological characters of the type material and recent flowering collections, a new combination is proposed (Aureliana sellowiana (Sendtn.) Barboza & Stehmann). A lectotype and epitype are designated...

The fruits of 10 species of Solanum sect. Acanthophora were studied. Cross and/or longitudinal and/or tangential microtome sections, stained mostly with astra blue/basic fuchsin, were made for microscopic examination. Three different kinds of cells were found in the epidermis, immediately below which a hypodermis, consisting in any of four types of...

A multidisciplinary study, embracing morphological, anatomical, karyological and taxonomical aspects was performed in the species of Solanum subgen. Leptostemonum from Argentina and bounding areas. The structures that form the indument (trichomes and prickles) were examined and classified, then revealing to possess systematic and adaptative implica...

Sixteen species of Jaborosa (Solanaceae), including eight endemic to Argentina, were studied karyologically. The numbers n = 12 and/or 2n = 24 were found in all species, the majority of the cases being new reports. Mitotic chromosomes were small- to medium-sized, the average length varying from 2.95 to 4.93 µm. All species had one to three chromoso...

The fruits of 11 species of Solanum subgen. Leptostemonum were studied. Cross and/or longitudinal microtome sections, stained mostly with astra blue/basic fuchsin, were prepared for microscopic examination. The fruits, notably heterogeneous, were classified into three categories. Three different kinds of cells were found of the epidermis, immediate...

In Argentina, the Yungas forests are among the ecosystems most affected by human activity, with loss of biodiversity. To assess the mycorrhizal status in these ecosystems, the roots of 41 native plant species belonging to 25 families were collected throughout the year from two sites of the Yungas forests. Roots were washed and stained to study the p...

The present article reports novelties in two genera of Solanaceae: Solanum and Salpichroa. In Solanum, the identity and the synonymy of two species belonging to subgen. Leptostemonum (S. bonariense and S. guaraniticum) are clarified, and the presence of S. julocrotonoides (sect. Brevantherum) is reported for the first time from Argentina. The genus...

The present article reports novelties in two genera of Solanaceae: Solanum and Salpichroa. In Solanum, the identity and the synonymy of two species belonging to subgen. Leptostemonum (S. bonariense and S. guaraniticum) are clarified, and the presence of S. julocrotonoides (sect. Brevantherum) is reported for the first time from Argentina. The genus...

Se analizaron 37 especies sudamericanas pertenecientes a siete secciones de Solanum subgen. Leptostemonum. Fueron consideradas tanto especies andromonoicas como hermafroditas. Se midió el ancho y el largo de sus frutos y se contó el número de semillas por fruto. Se estudiaron bajo lupa y se ilustraron cortes por la zona media de frutos frescos madu...

Mitotic chromosome numbers and karyotypes of 13 South American species (12 native and one naturalized) from four sections of SOLANUM subgen. LEPTOSTEMONUM were studied. Chromosome numbers of S. ACERIFOLIUM, S. AENICTUM, S. CONDITUM, S. CONSIMILE, S. INCARCERATUM, and S. PLATENSE are reported for the first time. The number 2n = 24 was found in most...

A morphometric karyotype analysis was performed on the two Solanum subgenus Leptostemonum spe-cies of the Canary Islands (S. lidii and S. vespertilio) to understand patterns of chromosome differentiation, taxo-nomic relationships and evolutionary implications. The somatic chromosome number, 2n = 24, was documented for both species, supporting the b...

The somatic chromosomes of Cestrum bigibbosum Pittier, C. buxifolium Kunth, Sessea corymbosa Gou- dot ex Taylor and Phillips and Vestia foetida (Ruiz et Pav.) Hoffmanns. were examined by classical staining. The number 2n = 2x = 16 was found for all species. The total genome length ranged from 57.70 to 92.09 µm and the av- erage chromosome length fr...

Arum' and 'Paris' arbuscular mycorrhizal types and dark septate root endophytes in Miconia ioneura and Tibouchina paratropica (Melastomataceae). The roots of Miconia ioneura and Tibouchina paratropica (Melastomataceae) were studied for fungal symbionts colonization. Typical structures of 'Paris' (intracellular hyphae and coils) and 'Arum' (intercel...

Chiarini, E E. (Instituto Multidisciptinario de Biologia Vegetal, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, C.C 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina; e-mail: chiarini@imbiv.unc.edu.ar). A new species of Solanum subgen. Leptostemonum (Solanaceae) of Argentina. Brittonia 56: 284-287. 2004.-Solanum homalospermum (Solanum subgen. Leptostemonum) is described and...