Fei Xue

Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University

In this paper, the notion of a cohesive and self-sufficient grid is proposed. Based on a cohesive and self-sufficient virtual microgrid, an active distribution network is optimally planned, and an optimal configuration of demand-side resources, distributed generations, and energy storage systems are generated. To cope with stochastic uncertainty fr...

The optimization of the train speed trajectory and the traction power supply system (TPSS) with hybrid energy storage devices (HESDs) has significant potential to reduce electrical energy consumption (EEC). However, some existing studies have focused predominantly on optimizing these components independently and have ignored the goal of achieving s...

With the rapid development of energy storage technology, onboard energy storage systems(OESS) have been applied in modern railway systems to help reduce energy consumption. In addition, regenerative braking energy utilization is becoming increasingly important to avoid energy waste in the railway systems, undermining the sustainability of urban rai...

Renewable hosting capacity (RHC) means the total renewable power that can be integrated into the power grid without violation of network constraints. In this paper, a cooperative multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (CMADRL) based decentralized method is proposed to assess the dynamic renewable hosting capacity (RHC) of distribution grids, aimin...

The Virtual Microgrid (VM) method is a solution for addressing challenges in Conventional Distribution Network (CDN), such as power fluctuations or load mismatches, by actively partitioning the CDN into interconnected Microgrid-style VMs. Previous studies have fewer discussions about the mutual interaction between the grid’s partition performance a...

Carbon reduction policies and the increasing trend toward transportation electrification have spurred the rapid development of electric vehicles (EVs). However, the uncertainties of charging demands and facility failures, resulting from factors such as power disruptions, equipment damage, and inefficient operation, pose challenges in balancing the...

Phase imbalance is a significant and widespread problem in low voltage (LV, 415V) networks. This paper develops a novel incentive scheme that encourages flexible customers to engage in phase balancing. On the technical side, this incentive scheme is based on a centralized control algorithm utilizing the inherent flexibility of customers' AC/DC conv...

The contributions of this article include a new concept, a new question, and a new method. This article proposes the concept of functional community, which is different from conventional topological community. Functional community is defined with two meanings: (1) tighter internal coupling for better efficiency within the same community; (2) more i...

With increasing concerns on transportation decarbonization, fuel cell hybrid trains (FCHTs) attract many attentions due to their zero carbon emissions during operation. Since fuel cells alone cannot recover the regenerative braking energy (RBE), energy storage devices (ESDs) are commonly deployed for the recovery of RBE and provide extra traction p...

An energy storage system (ESS) has been considered one promising technology in dealing with challenges from the risk of power fluctuations and load mismatch in power girds. A distributed ESS (DESS) has better efficiency in reducing net losses and operating costs. The net-ability quantifies the power transmission ability across the grid where power...

With the fast development of energy storage technology, more applications of Energy Storage Devices (ESDs) have been found in rail transportation in recent years. This paper aims to address the optimal sizing problem of on-board Hybrid Energy Storage Devices (HESDs) which are installed to assist train traction and recover the regenerative braking e...

Recently, the development of the Internet of Things (IoT) enables more comprehensive and intelligent analysis and defense for cascading failures in power grids. This paper summarizes power grids as Temporal Weighted Networks (TWN) which are different from conventional temporal networks. For TWN, the topological structure is fixed but weight distrib...

This paper proposes an Electric Vehicle (EV) aggregator bidding strategy in the reserve market. The EV aggregator determines the charging/discharging operations of EVs in providing reserve service for profits maximization. In the Day‐Ahead Market (DAM), the EV aggregator submits a bidding plan to the Independent Systems Operator (ISO) including bas...

This paper proposes a novel two-step approach to concurrently optimize the train operation, timetable and energy management strategy of the on-board energy storage device (OESD) to minimize the net energy consumption for a whole urban railway line. In Step 1, approximating functions representing the minimum net energy consumption of each specific i...

Discontinuously electrified sections, such as neutral sections (NSs) widely exist in modern electrified railways. As a special arrangement of insulator, NSs with no electricity supplies are set up to ensure the two sections are kept electrically separate. This paper proposes a distance‐based mixed‐integer linear programming (MILP) model to incorpor...

With the rapid progress in railway electrification and energy storage technologies, on-board energy storage devices (OESDs) have been widely utilized in modern railway systems to reduce energy consumption. This paper aims to develop the optimal driving strategy of electric trains with three popular types of energy storage devices, namely supercapac...

Urban railway timetable optimization has been widely studied, and most previous studies were focused on one or a few lines to increase network capacity and energy efficiency etc. In this paper, a network-wide timetable optimization is proposed based on the complex network theory. A concept of "social resource consumption" (SRC) is proposed to denot...

In addition to active energy management, this article proposes active planning as another critical feature of active distribution networks (ADNs). To develop this set of tasks, this article introduces a three-layer active planning framework consisting of a physical layer, cyber layer, and socioeconomic layer. Furthermore, a three-step developing st...

For improving the energy efficiency of railway systems, on-board energy storage devices (OESDs) have been applied to assist the traction and recover the regenerative energy. This paper aims to address the optimal sizing problem of OESDs to minimize the catenary energy consumption for practical train operations. By employing a mixed integer linear p...

For improving the energy efficiency of railway systems , on-board energy storage devices (OESDs) have been applied to assist the traction and recover the regenerative energy. This paper aims to address the optimal sizing problem of OESDs to minimize the catenary energy consumption for practical train operations. By employing a mixed integer linear...

To make rail transport much greener, the fuel cell system has been applied in some train vehicles. The paper is aimed at establishing an integrated mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model to optimize operations of the trains with the fuel cell system. Train motion analysis and physical constraints setup are given to illustrate the model. The...

Community detection algorithm is broadly applied in amount of studies to partition networks. But not all available methods are equally suitable for power grids. This paper proposes the concept of functional community structure based on functionality of the network. And a novel partitioning algorithm is presented by upgrading the Newman fast algorit...

Network partitioning is a popular research topic. Not all available partitioning methods are equally suitable for power grids. Community detection is a critical issue in complex network theory, and power grid is a typical type of complex network. This paper proposes a functional community structure based on an extended weighted network model. An ex...

Neutral Section (NS), also referred to as the “phase separation section”, is an important component for electrified railways. NS leads to forced coasting operation and thus its location has an impact on energy consumptions of train operation for both running directions. This paper proposes a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model to optimize...

Due to the extensive use of urban rail transit systems in modern cities, the energy consumption of it rises significantly. To help reduce the energy consumption from the planning stage, the paper proposes a linear model to concurrently optimise the vertical alignment and bi-directional train speed profiles based on Mixed Integer Linear Programming...

Electric vehicle (EV) as dynamic energy storage systems could provide ancillary services to the grids. The aggregator could coordinate the charging/discharging of EV fleets to attend the electricity market to get profits. However, the aggregator profits are threatened by the uncertainty of the electricity market. In this study, an EV aggregator bid...

The theory of complex networks has been studied extensively since its inception. However, until now, the impact of the node-type distributions is related to network topology and cannot be evaluated independently. In this paper, a network structure is modeled via an adjacency matrix (network topology) and a set of node type distribution vectors. Thr...

Many researches for optimizing the railway operation have been conducted in the past decades. Train speed profile optimization and train schedule optimization are two main components in this field while at most of times they are investigated separately but not integrated. In this paper, we propose an integrated optimization approach based on mixed...

Train speed trajectory optimization has been proposed as an efficient and feasible method for energy-efficient train operation without many further requirements to upgrade the current railway system. This paper focuses on an adaptive partial train speed trajectory optimization problem between two arbitrary speed points with a given traveling time a...

To increase the energy efficiency of railway transit system, train driving and scheduling strategies are widely studied. In this paper, inspired by the construction and planning of existing rail transit system and the energy storage technology, we present a novel model from a perspective that considers the earth as an on-board energy storage device...

Rail transportation is used extensively in urban areas to reduce CO₂ emission and increase road capacity. As a result, the energy efficiency of rail transportation is becoming a popular research topic. Energy-efficient train operation involves four types of control: maximal traction, cruising, coasting, and maximal braking. With the rapid developme...

Rail transportation is applied extensively in urban transportation to reduce CO2 emission and increase road capacity and the energy efficiency of rail transportation is becoming a popular research topic. The energy-efficient train operation involves four types of control: maximal traction, cruising, coasting and maximal braking. With the fast devel...

Complex network theory has been considered valuable in analyzing the security of networked infrastructures including power grids. However, the traditional pure topological assessment metrics ignore many characteristics in electrical engineering. The most popular metrics for evaluation of nodes or buses in power grids are degree and betweenness. By...

With the increasing application of railway transportation , energy consumption of railway transportation rises dramatically, which in turn undermines its sustainability. Optimization on train speed profile and use of regenerative energy is becoming a feasible and applicable approach to achieve an energy-efficient operation without changing existing...

Nowadays, the infrastructure and technologies in conventional distribution networks (CDNs) limit its further development to smart distribution networks. One way to overcome this is to develop CDNs using interconnected virtual microgrids (VMs); however, there is no consensus for an explicit definition of VMs. Therefore, in this paper, a comprehensiv...

Structural analysis based on complex network theory has been considered promising for security issues of power grids. At the same time, modern power distribution networks with more Distributed Generations (DGs) and Energy Storage Systems (ESS) have taken on more challenges in operation and security issues. This paper proposed a dedicated metric nam...

This study proposes an electric vehicle (EV) aggregator operation mechanism in a residential community. The EV charging and discharging operation behaviours are scheduled to maximise the EV aggregator revenue, while EV aggregator provides reserve service for the grid. This study not only considers the energy and information interactions between thr...

As the modern power system is expected to develop to a more intelligent and efficient version, i.e. the smart grid, or to be the central backbone of energy internet for free energy interactions, security concerns related to cascading failures have been raised with consideration of catastrophic results. The researches of topological analysis based o...

As a hot topic, the Energy Internet is interpreted differently from field to field. This paper generalizes the essence of the Energy Internet as a technology of networking energy integration (NEI), with the smart grid designated the central backbone of the Energy Internet. A framework in terms of three layers for the Energy Internet is proposed, an...

With the fast development of regenerative braking technologies in modern transportation systems, it has become popular to take into account the regenerated electric energy of electric vehicles for energy-saving purposes. In railway transportation, it was found that given the monotonicity of the vehicle speed during an acceleration or braking proces...

This chapter discusses the security of power transmission systems from a structural perspective. It introduces a systematic concept of structural analysis for power grids security assessment applying extended topological approaches based on an adaptation of the theory of complex networks modified to capture the physical behavior of transmission net...

The progresses in research of complex network theory inspire scientists to make the analysis from a new structural perspective in terms of nodes and their connection patterns. However, a pure topological approach, as proposed in the current literature, fails in capturing the specific features of power systems. Two different aspects, namely operatio...

Vulnerability analysis of power systems is a key issue in modern society and many efforts have contributed to the analysis. Complex network metrics for the assessment of the vulnerability of networked systems have been recently applied to power systems. Complex network theory may come in handy for vulnerability analysis of power systems due to a cl...

Power system vulnerability is a key concern in modern societies and many efforts have been devoted to its analysis. Recently, the wide domain of complex networks that can be used to assess the vulnerability of network systems has been applied to power grids as well with focus on the topological vulnerability of the transmission systems based on its...

Vulnerability analysis in power systems is a key issue in modern society and many efforts have contributed to the analysis. Recently, complex network metrics applied to assess the topological vulnerability of networked systems have been used in power systems, such as betweenness metric, since transmission of power systems is in basis of a network s...

Critical infrastructures are usually characterized by a network structure in which many technical devices interact on a physical layer, being monitored and controlled throughout a cyber network in charge of conveying commands/measurements from/to the decision making centers run by the human decision makers or automatic controllers at the top of thi...

In the analysis of power systems security, recently a new concern related to possible malicious attacks caught much attention. Coordination among different transmission system operators (TSO) in an interconnected power system to counteract such attacks has become an important problem. This paper presents a general framework for describing the physi...

Power transmission grids play a crucial role as a critical infrastructure by assuring the proper functioning of power systems. In particular, they secure the loads supplied by power generation plants and help avoid blackouts that can have a disastrous impact on society. The power grid structure (number of nodes and lines, their connections, and the...

Power grids exhibit patterns of reaction to outages similar to complex networks. Blackout sequences follow power laws, as complex systems operating near a critical point. Here, the tolerance of electric power grids to both accidental and malicious outages is analyzed in the framework of complex network theory. In particular, the quantity known as e...

Malicious attacks against critical infrastructures, and power systems as well, became a key-concern in recent years. The attacks may be both “physical,” directed towards system components, and “cyber,” against the information/communication system; simultaneous attacks to different components, both physical and cyber, may be possible. In this contex...

Power grids have been widely acknowledged as complex networks (CN) since this theory emerged and received considerable attention recently. Many works have been performed to investigate the structural vulnerability of power grids from the topological point of view based on CN. However, most of them applied conceptions and measurements of CN directly...

In the analysis of power systems security recently a new concern related to possible malicious attacks caught much attention. Coordination among different system operators (SO) in an interconnected power system to counteract such attacks has become an important problem. This paper presents a specific model for the analysis of information impacts in...

The vulnerability of critical infrastructures has become a key-concern in recent years. The faults (in particular as consequences of malicious attacks) may be both ¿physical¿, regarding system components, and ¿cyber¿, regarding information/communication system. Simultaneous attacks to different components, both physical and cyber, may be possible....