Content uploaded by Fateme Dehghani-Arani
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Fateme Dehghani-Arani on Jun 23, 2021
Content may be subject to copyright.
A preview of the PDF is not available
Neurofeedback and Substance Abuse Disorder
Abstract and Figures
A person’s different mental states are under the control of the brainwaves which occur at various frequencies and can be measured in cycles per second or hertz (Hz) by electroencephalography (EEG) techniques (Hammond 2011). These EEG bands are delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma. Gamma is a very fast EEG activity, that is, above 30 Hz. This activity is associated with intensely focused attention and in assisting the brain to process and bind together information from different areas of the brain. Beta is small, relatively fast brainwave (above 13–30 Hz) associated with a state of mental, intellectual activity and outwardly focused concentration. This is basically a “bright-eyed, bushy-tailed” state of alertness. Activity in the lower end of this frequency band (e.g., the sensorimotor rhythm or SMR) is associated with relaxed attentiveness.
Figures - uploaded by Fateme Dehghani-Arani
Author content
All figure content in this area was uploaded by Fateme Dehghani-Arani
Content may be subject to copyright.
... The data was transformed into four frequency bands using fast Fourier Transform (FFT), band-pass filtering, and notch filtering. We conducted continuous amplitude measurements across delta (2-5 Hz), theta (5-8 Hz), alpha (8)(9)(10)(11)(12), and beta (15-18 Hz) frequencies [57]. To maintain data integrity, we established an artifact rejection threshold to eliminate unwanted interference. ...
Prior beliefs, such as conspiracy beliefs, significantly influence our perception of the natural world. However, the brain activity associated with perceptual decision-making in conspiracy beliefs is not well understood. To shed light on this topic, we conducted a study examining the EEG activity of believers, and skeptics during resting state with perceptual decision-making task. Our study shows that conspiracy beliefs are related to the reduced power of beta frequency band. Furthermore, skeptics tended to misclassify ambiguous face stimuli as houses more frequently than believers. These results help to explain the differences in brain activity between believers and skeptics, especially in how conspiracy beliefs impact the categorization of ambiguous stimuli.
The research identified clinical studies on the brief interventions for the abusive use of alcohol and analyzed the effectiveness of professional advises proposed to alcohol consumers. The systematic bibliographical study was based on articles published during the period of 1997 to 2010. Brief intervention strategy is effective in the reduction on the frequency and amount of alcohol use, with better results when the strategy is applied to the primary attention situations. All professionals obtained good results using this therapy. It was not possible to determine if the strategy is most effective when applied to harmful drinkers or to chronic drinkers, since the intervention also depends on the patient's availability of motivational resources and on changes in attitude regarding the abusive use of alcohol.
Presents an integrative theoretical framework to explain and to predict psychological changes achieved by different modes of treatment. This theory states that psychological procedures, whatever their form, alter the level and strength of self-efficacy. It is hypothesized that expectations of personal efficacy determine whether coping behavior will be initiated, how much effort will be expended, and how long it will be sustained in the face of obstacles and aversive experiences. Persistence in activities that are subjectively threatening but in fact relatively safe produces, through experiences of mastery, further enhancement of self-efficacy and corresponding reductions in defensive behavior. In the proposed model, expectations of personal efficacy are derived from 4 principal sources of information: performance accomplishments, vicarious experience, verbal persuasion, and physiological states. Factors influencing the cognitive processing of efficacy information arise from enactive, vicarious, exhortative, and emotive sources. The differential power of diverse therapeutic procedures is analyzed in terms of the postulated cognitive mechanism of operation. Findings are reported from microanalyses of enactive, vicarious, and emotive modes of treatment that support the hypothesized relationship between perceived self-efficacy and behavioral changes. (21/2 p ref)
A quantal perceptive model of brain function has been postulated by several groups. Reiki-like healing practices in seizure disorder (ILAE classification-ll E-generalized seizures tonic clonic), involving transfer of life force or low level of electromagnetic force (EMF) from the healer to the recipient patient, may act via quantal perceptive mechanisms. Increased synthesis of an endogenous membrane Na+-K+ ATPase inhibitor digoxin and a related tyrosine/tryptophan transport defect has been demonstrated in refractory seizure disorder (ILAE classification-ll E-generalized seizures-tonic clonic). Reiki-like healing practices in refractory epilepsy results in a reduction in seizure frequency. Reiki-like healing practices produce membrane stabilization and stimulation of membrane Na+-K+ ATPase activity by quantal perception of low levels of EMF. The consequent intracellular hypermagnesemia inhibits HMG CoA reductase activity and digoxin synthesis resulting in the alteration of the neutral amino acid transport (tryptophan/tyrosine) defect. A hypothalamic digoxin-mediated quantal perception model of brain function is proposed. The phenomena of biological transmutation and consequent hypermagnesemia occurring in the resultant neuronal quantal state is also discussed.
