Fang Wu

Beijing Forestry University

Polypores play a crucial role in energy recycling and forest regeneration in forest ecosystems. The majority of them are wood degraders; some are forest pathogens and others are ectomycorrhizal symbionts. The basidiocarps provide food and shelter for many organisms, mostly invertebrates, but also some vertebrates, as well as food and medicine for h...

The genus Favolaschia within the family Mycenaceae is characterised by the gelatinous basidiomata with poroid hymenophore and most species inhabit monocotyledonous plants. In this study, many samples covering a wide geographic range in China were examined morphologically and phylogenetically using concatenated ITS1-5.8S-ITS2-nLSU sequence data. Thr...

China has a huge area of diverse landscapes and is believed to conceive incredibly high fungal diversity. To systematically and promptly report Chinese fungal species, we initiate the series of Catalogue of fungi in China here. In the first paper of this series, we focus on plant-inhabiting fungi. A total of 33 new taxa are described all over China...

Huishuhua (maitake) is a macrofungus with high edible and medicinal values in China. It was commonly recognized as Grifola frondosa. A total of 45 huishuhua samples from East Asia, Europe and North America was analyzed on the basis of morphological and multi-gene phylogenetic methods. The results showed that highly supported clades of huishuhua sam...

The Global Consortium for the Classification of Fungi and fungus-like taxa is an international initiative of more than 550 mycologists to develop an electronic structure for the classification of these organisms. The members of the Consortium originate from 55 countries/regions worldwide, from a wide range of disciplines, and include senior, mid-ca...

Zygomycetes are phylogenetically early diverging, ecologically diverse, industrially valuable, agriculturally beneficial, and clinically pathogenic fungi. Although new phyla and subphyla have been constantly established to accommodate spe- cific members and a subkingdom Mucoromyceta, comprising Calcarisporiellomycota, Glomeromycota, Mortierellomyco...

Wood-rotting basidiomycetes have been investigated in the Chinese forest ecosystem for the past 30 years. Two hundred and five pathogenic wood-decayers belonging to 9 orders, 30 families, and 74 genera have been found in Chinese native forests, plantations, and gardens. Seventy-two species (accounting for 35% of the total pathogenic species) are re...

To elucidate the genomic traits of ecological diversification in the Hymenochaetales, we sequenced 15 new genomes, with attention to ectomycorrhizal (EcM) Coltricia species. Together with published data, 32 genomes, including 31 Hymenochaetales and one outgroup, were comparatively analyzed in total. Compared with those of parasitic and saprophytic...

In the present study, fourteen Exidia -like specimens were collected from China, France, and Australia. Based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses using the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) and the large subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nLSU), four species in Exidia sensu lato , including Exidia saccharina and T...

Panellus is an Agaricales genus with both lamellate and poroid hymenophore. The poroid species are readily overlooked because of their tiny basidiocarps. The Chinese samples of poroid Panellus are studied, and five species, namely Panellus alpinus , Panellus crassiporus , Panellus longistipitatus , Panellus minutissimus , and Panellus palmicola are...

Species of Onnia are important tree pathogens and play a crucial role in forest ecosystems. The species diversity and distribution of Onnia have been studied, however, its evolutionary history is poorly understood. In this study, we reconstructed the phylogeny of Onnia using internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) rDNA sequence d...

Background Polypores as components of forest ecosystems are an important group of wood-inhabiting fungi playing a key role in forest regeneration. Previously, studies on polypore funga and diversity were focused on limited areas within one land mass only. What are the polypore funga and species composition for large-scale of China, North America an...

Two new species of Phylloporia , P. crystallina and P. sumacoensis , are described based on 28S ribosomal RNA phylogeny, morphology, host, and geographic distribution. Phylloporia crystallina is characterized by pileate, perennial basidiomata with a duplex context, small pores 9–10 per mm, a monomitic hyphal system, absence of cystidia and cystidio...

Most Porodaedalea species are important phytopathogenic and medicinal fungi. Recently, several Porodaedalea species including P. mongolica were newly described. In the present study, the complete sequence of mitochondrial genome of P. mongolica was determined, with a size of 114,176 bp and a GC content of 28.98%, containing two ribosomal RNA subuni...

Two new species of Dacrymyces, D. cerebriformis and D. sinostenosporus, are presented from southwestern China, based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses. Dacrymyces cerebriformis is characterized by obviously cerebriform basidiomata when mature, hyphae without clamp connections, and hyaline, thin-walled, allantoid, 0–7-septat...

Two new species of Boletopsis , B. macrocarpa and B. tibetana , are described and illustrated from Southwest (SW) China based on morphology, ecology and phylogenetic analyses by the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) and the large subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nLSU). Boletopsis macrocarpa is characterized by big basidiocarps (up to...

Two new wood-inhabiting fungi, Sidera salmonea sp. Nov. and S. tibetica sp. Nov. in the order Hymenochaetales from southwest China, are described and illustrated based on molecular and morphological evidence. They were found on gymnosperm wood that is rotten and charred. The characteristics of S. salmonea include annual, resupinate basidioma, salmo...

Two new wood-inhabiting fungi Sidera salmonea sp. nov. and S. tibetica sp. nov in the order Hymenochaetales are described and illustrated from southwest China based on molecular and morphological evidence. They were found on gymnosperm wood that is rotten and charred. The characteristics of S. salmonea include annual, resupinate basidioma, salmon p...

Some unusual specimens of the wood-inhabiting fungus Auricularia auricula-judae have been studied using morphological and molecular methods. As expected from external features, we describe a new species Auricularia cerrina sp. nov. Sequencing of the ITS region confirms differences from other species of Auricularia, and preliminary phylogenetic anal...

Taxonomy and phylogeny of poroid Hymenochaetaceae based on the most comprehensive phylogenetic analyses are presented. A phylogeny based on a combined dataset of ITS and nLSU sequences for accepted genera of Hymenochaetaceae was analyzed and two or multigene phylogenies for most species of ten large genera including Coltricia, Fomitiporella, Fomiti...

Auricularia has a worldwide distribution and is very important due to its edibility and medicinal properties. Morphological examinations and multi-gene phylogenetic analyses of 277 samples from 35 countries in Asia, Europe, North and South America, Africa, and Oceania were carried out. Phylogenetic analyses were based on ITS, nLSU, rpb1, and rpb2 s...

Samples of species close to Tremella fibulifera from China and Brazil are studied, and T. fibulifera is confirmed as a species complex including nine species. Five known species ( T. cheejenii , T. fibulifera s.s., T. “ neofibulifera ”, T. lloydiae-candidae and T. olens ) and four new species ( T. australe , T. guangxiensis , T. latispora and T. su...

Taxonomy and phylogeny of poroid Hymenochaetaceae based on the most comprehensive phylogenetic analyses are presented. A phylogeny based on a combined dataset of ITS and nLSU sequences for accepted genera of Hymenochaetaceae was analyzed and multigene phylogenies for most species of ten large genera including Clotricia , Fomitiporella , Fomitiporia...

A new species Tremella zhejiangensis is described from southeastern China based on phenotypic and molecular evidence. The species is characterized by soft gelatinous, yellowish brown to brownish orange, cerebriform basidioma when fresh, thin-walled, globose to subglobose or broadly ellipsoid basidia with a basal clamp connection, globose to subglob...

A new gelatinous species, Calocera tibetica, is described from southwest China based on morphological and molecular evidence. It is characterized by stipitate, tough, gelatinous, dichotomously branched, dendroid or staghorn-like basidioma with blunt tips, subclavate to clavate basidia measuring 45.0–53.0 × 4.8–6.0 µm, and hyaline, oblong-ellipsoid...

The fungus “Fuling” has been used in Chinese traditional medicine for more than 2000 years, and its sclerotia have a wide range of biological activities including antitumour, immunomodulation, anti-inflammation, antioxidation, anti-aging etc. This prized medicinal mushroom also known as “Hoelen” is resurrected from a piece of pre-Linnean scientific...

This is the twelfth contribution to the Fungal Diversity Notes series on fungal taxonomy, based on materials collected from many countries which were examined and described using the methods of morphology, anatomy, and strain culture, combined with DNA sequence analyses. 110 taxa are described and illustrated, including five new genera, 92 new spec...

Exidia glandulosa is a cosmopolitan species, and it was commonly reported from China. Seventeen specimens with close resemblance to the species by having blackish, gelatinous basidiocarps were analyzed based on morphological and molecular data. Phylogenetic analyses were performed by the combined ITS+nLSU dataset and the combined ITS+nLSU+TEF1-a +...

In this study, taxonomic and phylogenetic analyses of Junghuhnia were performed. Three new species were characterised according to morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic analysis using ITS and nLSU sequences. They are J. austrosinensis sp. nov. , J. nandinae sp. nov. and J. subcollabens sp. nov. Junghuhnia austrosinensis is charac...

Two new species of Perenniporia , P. pseudotephropora sp. nov. and P. subcorticola sp. nov. , are introduced respectively from Brazil and China based on morphological characteristics and molecular data. Perenniporia pseudotephropora is characterised by perennial, pileate basidiocarps with distinctly stratified tubes, grey pores, tissues becoming da...

Sidera is a polypore genus with white to cream or buff basidiomata, whose species in Hymenochaetales are poorly known. We study the phylogeny and diversity of Sidera based on our recent collections from tropic and subtropic Asian-Pacific regions. Phylogenetic analyses based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and nuclear large subunit (nLSU) r...

A new poroid fungus, Nigrofomes submelanoporus, from tropical China, is described and illustrated based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis. The new species is characterized by perennial, resupinate to effused-reflexed, woody-hard and dark gray to almost black basidiocarps, lacerate dissepiments, a monomitic hyphal system, th...

‘Sanghuang’ is one of the most important groups of medicinal macrofungi and has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for the past two centuries. However, knowledge about ‘Sanghuang’ is distributed in journals of different disciplines, which has meant it is not well known. To facilitate the benefit of ‘Sanghuang’ to human health, here we summar...

The genus Fuscoporia is characterized by annual to perennial, resupinate to pileate basidiocarps, a dimitic hyphal system with generative hyphae bearing crystals, presence of hymenial setae in most species, and hyaline, thin-walled, smooth basidiospores. To explore the phylogenetic positions of Fuscoporia species, we performed a comprehensive study...

A new hydnaceous fungus, Phellodon subconfluens, from northeast China, is described and illustrated based on morphological characteristics and rDNA ITS sequences. The new species is characterized by circular to flabelliform basidiocarps, a greyish buff, brownish orange to reddish brown and obscurely zonate pileal surface with white, incurved margin...

The huge land areas in China provide highly diverse habitats for macrofungi. Of these macrofungi, many are directly related to people’s daily life and have been utilized by ancient Chinese for at least 6800 years. In this study, we evaluate the current known resource diversity of Chinese macrofungi. A total of 1662 taxa are summarized, and all spec...

Phylloporia is shown to be monophyletic according to molecular sequence data. Morphologically, Phylloporia is characterized by annual or perennial basidiomata, a monomitic to dimitic hyphal system, generally presenting a duplex context, absence of setae, and abundant tiny, thick-walled and colored basidiospores. In this study, specimens from China...

The genus Fuscoporia of the Hymenochaetaceae is characterized by resupinate to pileate basidiocarps, a dimitic hyphal system with fine crystal aggregates and encrusted generative hyphae in dissepiment edge and tube trama, the presence of hymenial setae, and hyaline, thin-walled, smooth basidiospores. Members of the F. contigua group are easy to dis...

Porodaedalea is a polypore genus of the Hymenochaetales that encompasses pathogens of conifer trees. In this study, we conduct a comprehensive study of the phylogeny and diversity of Porodaedalea based on collections and isolates from Europe, North America, North Africa, and Asia. Phylogenetic analysis of a two-gene data set, nuc ribosomal DNA inte...

Two new tomentelloid basidiomycetes, Odontia aculeata and O. sparsa, are described from secondary forests of northeastern China. Odontia aculeata is characterized by resupinate, arachnoid and brownish basidiocarps, a hydnoid hymenophore, a differentiated dimitic hyphal structure in the rhizomorphs with clamp connections on the generative hyphae, a...

Based on morphology and phylogenetic analysis, Fomitiporiarhamnoides sp. nov. is described. It is characterised by perennial, pileate basidiomata, distinctly shining poroid surface, a zonate context, 11–13 pores per mm, parallel tramal hyphae and regularly arranged contextual hyphae, the presence of cystidioles, globose, hyaline, thick-walled, smoo...

A new species, Onnia kesiya, is described from South Vietnam on the basis of morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic evidence. It is characterized by distinct lateral stipe, relatively thin and duplex context, hooked hymenial setae, widest basidiospores among Onnia species, and grows on Pinus kesiya in tropical pine forest. Detaile...

Heimuer, Auricularia heimuer, is one of the most famous traditional Chinese foods and medicines, and it is the third most important cultivated mushroom worldwide. The aim of this study is to develop genomic resources for A. heimuer to furnish tools that can be used to study its secondary metabolite production capability, wood degradation ability an...

Rigidoporus and its morphologically similar genera Physisporinus, Oxyporus and Leucophellinus, which include some forest pathogens and medicinal species, are very important groups of wood-decay fungi. Species of these genera have not only ecological functions, but also economic importance. Phylogenetic and taxonomic studies on taxa in these genera...

Pseudomegasporoporia is proposed as a new genus in Polyporales based on morphological characters and molecular data. The genus is typified by P. neriicola sp. nov. characterized by an annual growth habit, resupinate basidiocarp with white to cream poroid hymenophore, a dimitic hyphal system with clamp connections and non-dextrinoid and cyanophilous...

Vertically septate basidium is rarely present in polyporoid fungal species. In this study, Aporpium miniporum is newly described from Hainan, southern China based on a combination of morphological and ITS-based phylogenetic evidence. This new species is close to Aporpium dimidiatum and A. efibulatum from both morphological and phylogenetic perspect...

Perenniporia chiangraiensis is introduced as a new species from Thailand based on morphological characters and molecular data, and it is characterized by perennial and pileate basidiocarps with concentric sulcate pileal surface and a white pore surface, distinctly stratified tubes, a dimitic hyphal system with strongly dextrinoid skeletal hyphae, t...

Porodaedalea chinensis is described and illustrated as a new species occurring on Pinus yunnanensis from southwestern China based on morphological and molecular characters. Phylogenetic analyses of the combined internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of ribosomal RNA gene and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1-α) sequences show that the new spec...

A new poroid wood-inhabiting fungal species, Hyphodermella poroides, is proposed based on morphological and molecular evidences. The species is characterized by resupinate basidiocarps with cream to orange pore surface, a monomitic hyphal system with generative hyphae bearing simple septa, and broadly ellipsoid, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, IKI−,...

Obba thailandica sp. nov. is described and illustrated from northern Thailand based on evidence from morphological characteristics and molecular data. The species produces annual, resupinate, white and waxy fresh basidiocarps, which become bone hard when dry, and has a very thin subiculum (< 0.1 mm), tomentose tube openings, weakly dextrinoid hypha...

A new species, Antrodia monomitica sp. nov., is described and illustrated from China based on morphological characters and molecular evidence. It is characterized by producing annual, fragile and nodulose basidiomata, a monomitic hyphal system with clamp connections on generative hyphae, hyaline, thin-walled and fusiform to mango-shaped basidiospor...

In this paper, we provide a phylogenetic overview of Basidiomycota and related phyla in relation to ten years of DNA based phylogenetic studies since the AFTOL publications in 2007. We selected 529 species to address phylogenetic relationships of higher-level taxa using a maximumlikelihood framework and sequence data from six genes traditionally us...

Two new species of Fulvifomes are described from samples collected in America based on morphological characteristic and molecular evidence: F. centroamericanus Y.C. Dai, X.H. Ji & Vlasák, sp. nov. and F. krugiodendri Y.C. Dai, X.H. Ji & Vlasák, sp. nov. The former is characterized by perennial and sessile basidiocarps, a concentrically sulcate and...

Antrodia uzbekistanica sp. nov. is described and illustrated from juniper trees in Uzbekistan based on morphological characters and molecular evidence. It is characterized by producing annual, resupinate basidiome with large pores (1–2 per mm), a dimitic hyphal structure with clamp connections on generative hyphae, hyaline, thin-walled and cylindri...

A new species, Phylloporia lespedezae, is described from Shanxi Province on the basis of morphological, ecological characters and molecular evidence. It is characterized by having an annual, pileate basidiocarps with wavy edge, duplex context separated by a black line, a monomitic hyphal system with simple septate generative hyphae, the presence of...

Fomitiporella accommodates polypores producing annual to perennial basidiocarps with an indistinct subiculum (very thin to almost lacking), mostly a dimitic hyphal structure, lacking any kind of setae, with brownish, thick-walled basidiospores, and causing a white rot. Previously, only a few samples of Fomitiporella were studied on the basis of mor...

In this study, phylogenetic analysis of Fibroporia and its related genera was carried out based on multiple loci of ITS, nLSU, nSSU, mtSSU, tef1 and rpb2. Combined with the morphological characters, a new genus, Pseudofibroporia gen. nov., is established. Phylogenetically, Pseudofibroporia is closely related to Fibroporia, but morphologically, the...

A new polypore, Ceriporia albomellea, collected from tropical China, is described and illustrated based on morphological characteristics and molecular evidence. It is characterized by thin, resupinate basidiome with a white subiculum, cottony margin, white to cinnamon-buff pores, clavate cystidia and oblong-ellipsoid basidiospores measured as 3.1–3...

This is a continuity of a series of taxonomic and phylogenetic papers on the fungi where materials were collected from many countries, examined and described. In addition to extensive morphological descriptions and appropriate asexual and sexual connections, DNA sequence data are also analysed from concatenated datasets to infer phylogenetic relati...

Onnia includes white rotting polypores with annual basidiocarps, a duplex context, monomitic hyphal structure, hymenial setae, and hyaline, thin-walled, smooth basidiospores. Specimens of Onnia, originating mainly from East Asia, Europe, and North America, were studied using both morphology and phylogenetic analyses. Our concatenated data set was d...

A new poroid wood-inhabiting fungal species, Skeletocutis mopanshanensis sp. nov., is proposed based on morphological and molecular characters. The species is characterized by resupinate, white to cream basidiocarps, a dimitic hyphal system with unbranched generative hyphae and big, ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 4.7–6.6 × 3.2–4.5 μm. The intern...

A monotypic genus Donkioporiella is newly introduced for a new species D. mellea. Donkioporiella is characterized by perennial, resupinate and woody basidiocarps, trimitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae, and broadly ellipsoid, pale yellowish to yellow, thick-walled, smooth, cyanophilous basidiospores. Morphologically, Donkioporia rese...

Cerarioporia cystidiata gen. et sp. nov. is proposed on the basis of a combination of a specific set of morphological characters and molecular (DNA-based) evidences. Cerarioporia is characterized by seasonal, resupinate basidiomata waxy when fresh drying resinous, a dimitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae and skeletal hyphae, distinctl...

A new species of Polyporales, named as Skeletocutis yunnanensis, was collected on angiosperm wood in northern Yunnan Province, southwestern China. It is described based on morphological characteristics and molecular evidence. The species belongs to the Skeletocutis subincarnata complex, but differs morphologically from all known species of the genu...

Neomensularia (Hymenochaetaceae) is a new genus introduced for N. duplicata sp. nov. (generic type), N. crocitincta and N. kanehirae combs. nov., based on a combination of distinct morphological characters and phylogenetic analyses inferred from nuc rDNA partial 28S and ITS datasets. The new genus is characterized by annual, pileate, brown to fusco...

Two new Gloeoporus species,G. citrinoalbus and G. hainanensis spp. nov.,are described from Hainan Island,tropical China,based on morphological and molecular characters. G. citrinoalbus is characterized by a lemon yellow pore surface,white margin of the fresh fruiting body,tiny pores (8-10 per mm),a monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hy...

A new poroid wood-inhabiting fungal genus, Leifiporia, is proposed, based on morphological and molecular evidence, which is typified by L. rhizomorpha sp. nov. The genus is characterized by an annual growth habit, resupinate basidiocarps with white to cream pore surface, a dimitic hyphal system with generative hyphae bearing clamp connections and b...

Luteoporia is proposed as a new genus in Polyporales based on morphological characters and molecular data. The genus is typified by L. albomarginata sp. nov. which is characterized by an annual growth habit, resupinate basidiocarps with yellow pores, a monomitic hyphal system with clamp connections, tramal hyphae with swollen tips projecting out of...

Lindtneria asiae-orientalis sp. nov. is described and illustrated from Heilongjiang Province, northeastern China. This fungus is characterized by buff-yellow to orange-yellow poroid hymenophores, septate generative hyphae with or without clamps, and relatively small ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid basidiospores (5.8–7 × 4.7–5.2 μm). Phylogenetic ana...

Grammothele and Theleporus have a shallow pore surface, which makes them morphologically close to corticioid fungi. However, from a phylogenetic perspective, they are polyphyletic genera within the core polyporoid clade of the Polyporales. Eight specimens with a shallow pore surface from Hainan, southern China, were morphologically and phylogenetic...

Two new species of Coltricia, C. austrosinensis and C. minima, are described from southern China on the basis of morphological characters and molecular evidence. Phylogenetic analysis based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions and nuclear large subunit (nLSU) ribosomal RNA gene regions indicated that the two new species were nested with...

Two new species of Hymenochaetaceae, Inonotus casuarinae and Phellinus austrosinensis, are described from southern China on the basis of morphological and molecular characters. Phylogenetic analysis based on the large subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene region indicated that the two new species were nested within the Inonotus clade and Phellinus...

Two new resupinate species in Polyporales, Ceriporiopsis fimbriata and C. rosea, are described from southern China on the basis of morphological and molecular examination. Ceriporiopsis fimbriata is characterized by an annual growth habit, resupinate basidiocarps with white to clay-pink pore surface when fresh, become cinnamon to yellow-brown when...

The genus Tropicoporus was recently introduced for accommodating species of the Inonotus linteus complex in Hymenochaetaceae. It is characterized by annual to perennial, resupinate, effused-reflexed to pileate basidiocarps with homogeneous to duplex context, a monomitic to dimitic hyphal system in context/subiculum and dimitic in trama, presence of...

A new species is described from tropical China as Porpomyces submucidus on the basis of both morphological characters and molecular evidence. Phylogenetic analyse based on the ITS sequence, LSU sequence and the ITS+LSU sequence show that the new species belongs to Porpomyces and forms a distict clade as a sister group of Porpomyces mucidus. The fun...

Auricularia auricula-judae was previously considered a single species, but was recently demonstrated to be a species complex. The economically important, cultivated Auricularia mushrooms are included in the complex. Two species are cultivated, but have been treated as a single species: A. auricula-judae. Fifty samples of so-called A. auricula-judae...

Elmerina fragilis (Auriculariales) is described and illustrated from Central China, based on morphological characters. It is characterized by an annual growth habit, pileate basidiocarps (gelatinous and flesh when fresh, becoming fragile when dry), a monomitic hyphal system with clamp connections on generative hyphae, vertically septate basidia, br...

A new species Mensularia rhododendri is described from southwestern China on the basis of both morphological characters and molecular evidence. Phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear large subunit (nLSU) ribosomal RNA gene shows that the new species belongs to Mensularia. Morphologically, the new species is mostly similar to Mensularia hastifera by...

Samples of the so-called Auricularia mesenterica complex from Europe, China, and Brazil are studied, and two new species, A. orientalis and A. brasiliana, are described from the species complex based on both morphological characters and molecular evidence. Phylogenetic analysis by combined ITS, nLSU, and rpb2 sequences shows that Auricularia mesent...

The floral composition and ecological habits ol polypores from Hainan Province were evaluated. Polypores were very rich in the province, and 242 species belonging to 7 orders, 17 families and 84 genera were found. The dominant families were the Polyporaceae, Hymenochaeta-ceae and Ganodermataceae, the dominant genera were Phellinus, Ganoderma and Po...

Phylogenetic analysis of the Auricularia auricula-judae complex was carried out using ITS and nLSU ribosomal RNA gene regions, and morphology of the A. auricula-judae complex and related species is examined based on 33 wild collections and 10 cultivated samples worldwide. The phylogenetic analysis presented here showed that the wild and cultivated...