Conference PaperPDF Available

Low-energy conditions for string and superstring theories

Authors:
Eric M Howard at Macquarie University
Eric M Howard
Download full-text PDFDownload full-text PDF
Read full-text
Download citation

Abstract

We aim to analyze the validity and consistency conditions as well as the generic predictions for string and superstring theory models in low energy physics context, covering a range of challenging ideas that are part of the field, from the Weak Gravity Conjecture, compactifications, string vacua, lowenergy supersymmetry, gaugesymmetry breaking and supersymmetry breaking to heterotic strings, Dbranes, MTheory and large dimensions. We identify the theoretical implications, current concerns and experimental constraints of candidate string theories in the low energy limit, that are underlying certain solutions to several nontrivial problems such as the dimensionality of spacetime, naturalness, supersymmetry and supergravity, axions and the strong CP problem, Yukawa couplings, black hole information paradox or grand unification. We finally discuss the effective field theory relevant for low energy precision physics at scales probed in tabletop laboratory experiments and justify its relevance for string phenomenology in the submillimeter region.
Yukawa-Stringsandfields-abstra
ct.pdf
Content uploaded by Eric M Howard
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Eric M Howard on Dec 18, 2020
Content may be subject to copyright.
Yukawa-Stringsandfields-abstrac
t.docx
Content uploaded by Eric M Howard
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Eric M Howard on Dec 18, 2020
Content may be subject to copyright.
Low-energy conditions for string and superstring theories
Yukawa Institute Workshop Strings and Fields 2020
Eric Howard
1
1
Macquarie University
We aim to analyze the validity and consistency conditions as well as the generic predictions for
string and superstring theory models in low energy physics context, covering a range of
challenging ideas that are part of the field, from the Weak Gravity Conjecture, compactifications,
string vacua, low-energy supersymmetry, gauge-symmetry breaking and supersymmetry breaking
to heterotic strings, D-branes, M-Theory and large dimensions. We identify the theoretical
implications, current concerns and experimental constraints of candidate string theories in the low
energy limit, that are underlying certain solutions to several nontrivial problems such as the
dimensionality of space-time, naturalness, supersymmetry and supergravity, axions and the strong
CP problem, Yukawa couplings, black hole information paradox or grand unification. We finally
discuss the effective field theory relevant for low energy precision physics at scales probed in
table-top laboratory experiments and justify its relevance for string phenomenology in the
submillimeter region.
Primary author:
Dr ERIC, Howard (Macquarie University, CSIRO, Griffith University)
Presenter:
Dr ERIC, Howard (Macquarie University, CSIRO, Griffith University)
References
E. M. Howard. Causal Stability Conditions for General Relativistic Spacetimes, Journal of Physical Science
and Application 2 (7), 258-264, 2012, arXiv:gr-qc/1601.05609
E. Howard, Holographic quantum matter, Contemp. Phys., 60, pp. 71-72, 2019
E. Howard, Scalar field cosmology, Contemp. Phys, 60, 4, pp. 338-339, 2019
E. M. Howard. Geometric aspects of Extremal Kerr black hole entropy, Journal of Modern Physics, 2013,
4, 3, pp. 357-363, arXiv:gr-qc/1511.00594
E. Howard, Causal structure of general relativistic spacetimes, AIP Conf. Proc. 1246, 127, 2010, arXiv:gr-
qc/1601.06864
E. Howard, Topological Entanglement Entropy of Black Hole Interiors, Reports in Advances of Physical
Sciences, Vol. 3, No. 2 (2019) 1940001
E. M. Howard. Entropy of Causal Horizons, Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics, Vol.4 No.12,
December, 2016
E. Howard, Holographic Renormalization with Machine learning, arXiv:1803.11056
E.M. Howard, Machine Learning Algorithms in Astronomy, Astronomical Data Analysis Software and
Systems XXV, Vol. 512, Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 2017, p.245
E. Howard, Problems in the Standard Model: from Neutrino mass to Dark matter,
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12585089.v2, 2020
E. Howard, Cosmology analogues in optical systems, EPJ Web of Conferences 238, 11008,
https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023811008, 2020
E. Howard, Plunging Plasma Blobs near the Marginally Stable Orbit of Sgr A, arXiv:1511.02657, 2015
E. Howard, RELATIVISTIC SIGNATURES AT THE GALACTIC CENTRE, arXiv:1602.00818, 2016
E. Howard, Modelling the flare activity of Sgr A, arXiv:1602.01909, 2016
E. Howard, Modelling the flaring emission at the Galactic Centre, arXiv:1602.01800, 2016
E Howard, Kibble-Zurek scaling with Matrix Product States, IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.947 012012,
2020
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any citations for this publication.
Kibble-Zurek Scaling with Matrix Product States
Article
Full-text available
  • Oct 2020
We study the dynamics of second-order phase transitions that may have taken place in the early universe and analyze the Kibble-Zurek (KZ) scaling as well as the formation of topological defects emerging from a quench in the one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model. We describe the universal dynamics of the KZ mechanism (KZM) and the topological defect formation by simulating the Bose–Hubbard model at zero temperature. We study the effects of thermalization on the ground state by analyzing the transition between Mott and superfluid phases. The out-of-equilibrium dynamics induced by a quench of the hopping parameter is presented. We find a KZ scaling behaviour at zero temperature and analyze the KZ dynamics.
View
Cosmology analogues in optical systems
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 2020
We discuss the possibility of exploiting polariton-exciton physics as an analogue experimental tool to study challenging ideas and existing problems arising in the context of gravity theory and theoretical cosmology. We search for cosmology analogues with specific focus on simulating non-equilibrium dynamics across cosmological phase transitions in laboratory as well as employing optical analogue horizons in Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) and signatures of white hole radiation to study gravitational and cosmological processes. Our analysis aims to uncover conceptual similarities between condensed matter systems and various phenomena in the Early Universe such as the symmetry breaking of the vacuum energy, spontaneous production of particles, false vacuum and cosmic inflation together with a number of unsolved cosmological problems.
View
Beyond the Standard Model with Low-energy Effective field theories
Conference Paper
Full-text available
  • Jul 2020
Despite the great predictive power and recent successes of the Standard Model, strong theoretical and observational reasons lead to a larger picture that should explain the nature of fundamental interactions, including gravity. Low-energy tests of fundamental symmetries and interactions as well as studies of particle properties provide a powerful window on the physics beyond the Standard Model. We discuss the current theoretical shortcomings and limitations of the Standard Model, that significantly impact the search for new physics at the frontier of precision physics. As the model fails answering important fundamental questions, such as including gravity in a consistent theory, a low-energy effective theory approach that allows for a general parameterization of Standard Model physics is needed. Future indirect constraints from Standard Model deviations may explain the non-renormalizability of quantum gravity via precision tests of general relativity and its Newtonian limit at short distances. A fundamental theory whose effective description at low energies is given by the non-renormalizable Einstein-Hilbert action may be tested, in principle, by low-energy precision methods providing signatures and indirect probes of new physics, complementary to direct searches. Such a new picture should solve existing puzzles, such as the low-energy limit of QCD, the existence of the axion or the hierarchy problem between the electroweak symmetry breaking scale and the Planck mass scale. We analyze existing theoretical predictions that go beyond the Standard Model and discuss potential precision tests of fundamental symmetries and their couplings to gravity, where low-energy observables play an important role.
View
Entropy of Causal Horizons
Article
Full-text available
  • Sep 2016
We analyze spacetimes with horizons and study the thermodynamic aspects of causal horizons, suggesting that the resemblance between gravitational and thermodynamic systems has a deeper quantum mechanical origin. We find that the observer dependence of such horizons is a direct consequence of associating a temperature and entropy to a spacetime. The geometrical picture of a horizon acting as a one-way membrane for information ow can be accepted as a natural interpretation of assigning a quantum field theory to a spacetime with boundary, ultimately leading to a close connection with thermodynamics.
View
Causal Stability Conditions for General Relativistic Spacetimes
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 2012
A brief overview of some open questions in general relativity with important consequences for causality theory is presented, aiming to a better understanding of the causal structure of the spacetime. Special attention is accorded to the problem of fundamental causal stability conditions. Several questions are raised and some of the potential consequences of recent results regarding the causality problem in general relativity are presented. A key question is whether causality violating regions are locally allowed. The new concept of almost stable causality is introduced; meanwhile, related conditions and criteria for the stability and almost stability of the causal structure are discussed.
View
Causal structure of general relativistic spacetimes
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 2010
A brief overview of some open questions in general relativity with important consequences for causality theory is presented, aiming to a better understanding of the causal structure of the spacetime. Special attention is accorded to the problem of fundamental causal stability conditions. Several questions are raised and some of the potential consequences of recent results regarding the causality problem in general relativity are presented. A key question is whether causality violating regions are locally allowed. The new concept of almost stable causality is introduced; meanwhile, related conditions and criteria for the stability and almost stability of the causal structure are discussed.
View
Geometric Aspects of Extremal Kerr Black Hole Entropy
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 2013
Extreme Black holes are an important theoretical laboratory for exploring the nature of entropy. We suggest that this unusual nature of the extremal limit could explain the entropy of extremal Kerr black holes. The time-independence of the extremal black hole, the zero surface gravity, the zero entropy and the absence of a bifurcate Killing horizon are all related properties that define and reduce to one single unique feature of the extremal Kerr spacetime. We suggest the presence of a true geometric discontinuity as the underlying cause of a vanishing entropy.
View
View
View
  • Jan 2019
  • 1940001
  • E Howard
E. Howard, Topological Entanglement Entropy of Black Hole Interiors, Reports in Advances of Physical Sciences, Vol. 3, No. 2 (2019) 1940001