Eneko Garmendia

Universidad del País Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea | UPV/EHU · Departamento de Economia Aplicada I

Monetary valuation of the environment is increasingly embedded in policy. Despite broad claims that valuation is policy-relevant, there is widespread frustration that it has not widely improved environmental outcomes, that it obscures many other types of values, and presents unintended consequences. We argue that this is, in part, because of a tend...

Mountain grazing systems, based since ancient times on common land, are finding it increasingly challenging to ensure their economic viability. Although marginal in productive terms, these systems are high-value natural areas that provide multiple benefits for society (e.g. biodiversity and ecosystem services). They are usually studied from an inst...

Pastoral systems face increasing pressure from competing global markets, food sector industrialization, and new policies such as Europe’s post-2020 Common Agriculture Policy. This pressure threatens the use of extensive sheep-grazing systems in mountain areas of low productivity but high natural value. Using information gathered at a long-term rese...

In a tele-coupled and globalized World, understanding the links between demand for wood products and land use is becoming challenging. World's economies are increasingly open and interconnected, and international trade flows of wood products are continuously growing. The increasing resource consumption of humanity is increasingly dependent on inter...

Land use changes are among the primary drivers of declining biodiversity. To reverse this decline, governments and agencies are promoting conservation measures. However, these initiatives often lead to conservation conflicts associated with competing land uses. This study analyzes the potential for using the Social Multi-Criteria Evaluation (SMCE)...

This article describes a novel methodological approach for the integrated sustainability assessment of pasture-based dairy sheep systems. Most studies on livestock system sustainability focus on animal production, farm profitability, and mitigation strategies of greenhouse gas emissions. However, recent research indicates that pasture-based livesto...

The Convention on Biological Diversity Aichi Target 11 requires its 193 signatory parties to incorporate social equity into protected area (PA) management by 2020. However, there is limited evidence of progress toward this commitment. We surveyed PA managers, staff, and community representatives involved in the management of 225 PAs worldwide to ga...

Climate change impacts on the hydrological cycle are altering the quantity, quality, and temporal distribution of riverine discharge, necessitating a more rigorous consideration of changes in land cover and land use. This study establishes relationships between different land cover combinations (e.g. percentages of forest – both native and exotic –...

Climate change impacts on the hydrological cycle are altering the quantity, quality, and temporal distribution of riverine discharge, necessitating a more rigorous consideration of changes in land cover and land use. This study establishes relationships between different land cover combinations (e.g., percentages of forest – both native and exotic...

En un contexto en el que el estudio y análisis de los comunes ha resurgido con vigor, la gobernanza de los sistemas comunales de pastoreo afronta nuevos retos derivados de sus múltiples usos y de un contexto social y económico cambiante. En este trabajo se analiza el caso de la Mancomunidad de Enirio-Aralar (Gipuzkoa, País Vasco), lugar donde recie...

In this chapter, Unai Pascual and colleagues address the link between sustainable forest management initiatives, the climate change policy arena and foreign aid. Pascual et al. discuss the role of foreign aid in helping to achieve sustainable forest management, framing this as the condition for delivering multiple ecosystem services, and considerin...

The connected nature of social-ecological systems has never been more apparent than in today’s globalized world. The ecosystem service framework and associated ecosystem assessments aim to better inform the science–policy response to sustainability challenges. Such assessments, however, often overlook distant, diffuse and delayed impacts that are c...

The connected nature of social-ecological systems has never been more apparent than in today's globalized world. The ecosystem service framework and associated ecosystem assessments aim to better inform the science-policy response to sustainability challenges. Such assessments, however, often overlook distant, diffuse and delayed impacts that are c...

Managing protected areas (PAs) requires dealing with complex social-ecological systems where multiple dimensions (i.e. social, institutional, economic and ecological) interact over time. Uni-dimensional and top-down approaches have been unable to capture this complexity. Instead, new integrated approaches that acknowledge the multidimensional natur...

* Environmental justice constitutes an instrumental element for conservation. * Environmental Justice is based on the principles of equity, recognition of different values and inclusive decision processes. * Social equity is the catalyst of ecological effectiveness. * Conservation measures that ignore the social context imply higher cost and stand...

Laburpena: Artikuluaren xede nagusia, Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoko (EAE) ekonomia oinarri hartuta, Iparralde Globaleko eskualde aberatsek beren lurraldez kanpo, bereziki Hegoaldean, eragiten dituzten kalte sozio-ekologikoak aztertzea da. Horretarako, EAEren metabolismo soziala, bere inportazioen jatorria eta hauen erauzketan sorturiko kalteak, zein...

Although conservation efforts have sometimes succeeded in meeting environmental goals at the expense of equity considerations, the changing context of conservation and a growing body of evidence increasingly suggest that equity considerations should be integrated into conservation planning and implementation. However, this approach is often perceiv...

¿Quién destruye la biodiversidad global? Aunque existen evidencias claras que el aumento del comercio internacional, y con ello de los flujos de energía y materiales asociados, contribuyen significativamente a la pérdida de biodiversidad lo cierto es que no existen demasiados estudios globales sobre cómo las economías más consumidoras interfieren s...

Este artículo nace desde la experiencia acumulada en varias campañas de investigación, educación y activismo dentro del marco de la deuda ecológica y la educación para la sostenibilidad global. Aquí abordamos dos retos claves para lograr que la justicia ambiental tenga un papel más central tanto en las reivindicaciones de los movimientos sociales c...

Globalisation of the world economy has increased the material and en-ergy flows around the planet raising the pressure over the environment. In this context, it becomes critical to better understand the links between current consumption and production patterns and associated socio-ecological impacts at multiple scales. The energy and material consu...

Forest loss and degradation remains a leading environmental problem. The long history of sustainable forest management has often failed to meet expectations—constrained by funding, governance, capacity and competing interests. Initiatives from the climate change policy arena are opening new ways for a broader mainstreaming of forest management, spe...

The use of multi-criteria evaluation tools in combination with participatory approaches provides a promising framework for integrating multiple interests and perspectives in the effort to provide sustainability. However, the inclusion of diverse viewpoints requires the “compression” of complex issues, a process that is controversial. Ensuring the q...

Ecosystem goods and services have been brought to the forefront of policy making all over the world. It is acknowledged that these goods and services underpin human well-being. The provision of water resources is amongst those services that have raised more attention, given its unquestionable value and global threats like climatic change. Neverthel...

From post normal science we have learn that complex environmental problems, characterized by the presence of uncertain outcomes, conflict of values, multiple spatial and temporal scales, and non-equivalent descriptions require the inclusion of some form of public participation in the decision making process, to deal with the existence of multiple l...

One of the main problems that public institutions face in the management of protected areas, such as the European Natura 2000 network, is how to design and implement sustainable management plans accounting both for the social cost and benefits of conserving these sites. This paper provides with an empirical application of a discrete choice experime...

The present paper analyzes the suitability of weak and strong sustainability assessment in the context of fisheries management. This topic is a mainstream issue in the field of ecological economics, but its application to fisheries is rather unexplored, even though fisheries have been the focus of many pioneering studies related to natural resource...

Traditional top-down and technocratic approaches seem to be insufficient to tackle the many conflicts related to the sustainable use of natural resources. At the same time, reductionist and mono-disciplinary approaches lack the capacity to capture the complex interactions within evolving socio-ecological systems. Coastal zone management is an area...

Shaping change such that it avoids losing potentially useful options for future development is a challenging task in the face of complex, coevolving socio-ecological systems. Sustainability appraisal methods, which open up dialogue and options before closing down and making suggestions, pay attention to the inclusion of various and conflicting poin...

The aim of this article is to explore the potentiality of Social Multi-criteria Evaluation as approach to assess Natural Protected Areas (NPAs). Jointly, opening the discussion about incorporating this methodological approach for the governance of Natura 2000 sites within the Basque Country is pursued. Derived from the case study is concluded that...

The aim of this paper is to analyse the sustainability of fisheries exploitation through taking into account both the multidisciplinary and intertemporal dimension of the Basque trawl fisheries. The Rapfish methodology is used for the analysis of the ecological, economic and technological sustainability of the Basque trawl fisheries between 1992 an...