Elsayed Ahmed Elsayed

King Saud University | KKUH · Department of Zoology (Bioproducts Research Chair)

Kefiran is a water soluble exopolysaccharides produced by lactic acid bacteria and mostly synthesized during bacterial growth. Although the information regarding the biosynthesis of exopolysaccharides produced by lactic acid bacteria is still insufficient, nonetheless, the mechanism suggested for capsular polysaccharides and exopolysaccharides from...

A simple, cost-effective, portable and disposable paper-based analytical device is designed and fabricated for copper(ii) determination. All solid-state ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) for copper and a Ag/AgCl reference electrode were constructed and optimized on the paper substrate. The copper electrodes were built using carbon nano-tube ink as a...

This study aimed to isolate and identify moulds from rotten Citrus sinensis post-harvests and to investigate the activity of antagonist and biocontrol activity moulds that cause citrus fruit rotting. A total of 12 mould isolates were obtained. Following the pathogenicity test, two representative mould isolates were selected and identified based on...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241729.].

Herein, we describe for the first time, the design and fabrication of a novel nicotine paper-based sensor, in which a miniaturized paper reference electrode is integrated for potentiometric measurements. The paper-based sensors were designed using printed wax barriers to define the electrochemical cell and the sample zones. The electrodes were base...

Pectin is an important structural part of main cell walls of plant whereby pectinases are a large group of enzymes that break down pectin into simpler molecules. Pectinases are present in the fruits of plants where they play a natural role in the ripening process. They are categorized into esterases and depolymerase on the basis of pectinase’s mode...

Robust, reliable and cost-effective paper-based analytical device for potentiometric pholcodine (opiate derivative drug) ion sensing has been prepared and characterized. A printed pholcodinium (PHL)2+/5-nitrobarbiturate (NB)- ion-association complex as a sensory material-based all-solid-state ion-selective electrode (ISE) on a chemically reduced gr...

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are among the most widely synthesized and used nanoparticles (NPs). AgNPs have been traditionally synthesized from plant extracts, cobwebs, microorganisms, etc. However, their synthesis from wing extracts of common insect; Mang mao which is abundantly available in most of the Asian countries has not been explored yet. W...

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) mediate heavy metal tolerance and improve phytoextraction potential in plants. The present research was conducted to find the potential of bacterial strains in improving the growth and phytoextraction abilities of Brassica nigra (L.) K. Koch. in chromium contaminated soil. In this study, a total of 15 bac...

A simple and cost-effective approach is proposed for silicate ion determination. The approach is based on designing an all-solid-state potentiometric sensor. The plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membrane sensor is based on the ion-association complex [Ni(bphen)3]2+[SiO3]2- as a sensory recognition material. The sensor is modified with multi-wal...

Herein, we used nicotinonitrile derivatives 4a,b as scaffolds to build novel and active antineoplastic agents. The reaction of nicotinonitrile derivatives 4a,b with POCl3/PCl5 and/or hydrazine hydrate afforded 2-chloropyridones 6a,b and 2-hydrazinyl nicotinonitrile derivatives 11a,b, respectively, as building blocks for various heterocyclic compoun...

1,4,7,10-Tetraoxa[10](2,8)trögerophane 5 was synthesized from its corresponding precursors. Heating of 2 with p-nitrophenoxide afforded bis(p-nitrophenyl)ether 3, which was treated with hydrazine hydrate to give bis(p-aminophenyl)ether 4. Treatment of 4 with paraformaldehyde and triflouroacetic anhydride gave trögerophane 5. Reaction of 5 with trif...

In the present work, a new series of dihydronaphthalene derivatives were synthesized starting with 6-methoxy-1-tetralone 1, and the corresponding hydrazine derivative 2. Reaction of compound 2 with aryl isothiocyanates produced thiosemicarbazides 3a-d, which were reacted with ethyl chloroacetate to give thiazolidinone derivatives 4a-d. Pyrano thiaz...

A novel series of pyrazole analogues including hydrazones, pyrazolo[4,3-c]-pyridazines, pyrazolo[3,4-e][1,2,4]triazine and pyrazolo[3,4-d][1,2,3]triazoles was designed, synthesised and screened for their in vitro antimicrobial and DHFR inhibition activity. Compounds bearing benzenesulphonamide moiety incorporated with 3-methyl-5-oxo-1H-pyrazol-4(5H...

This research was designed to elucidate the role of exopolysaccharides (EPS) producing bacterial strains for the amelioration of drought stress in wheat. Bacterial strains were isolated from a farmer’s field in the arid region of Pakistan. Out of 24 isolated stains, two bacterial strains, Bacillus subtilis (Accession No. MT742976) and Azospirillum...

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are among the most widely synthesized and used nanoparticles (NPs). AgNPs have been traditionally synthesized from plant extracts, cobwebs, microorganisms, etc. However, their synthesis from wing extracts of common insect; Mang mao which is abundantly available in most of the Asian countries has not been explored yet. W...

Root-knot nematodes pose a serious threat to agriculture and forest systems, causing significant losses of the crop worldwide. A wide range of chemical nematicides has traditionally been used to manage phyto-nematodes. However, due to their ill effects on the environment, biological control agents (BCAs) like Purpureocillium lilacinum that exhibit...

Kefiran is a water soluble polysaccharide produced by Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens ATCC 43761. It has wide potential applications in food, pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no previous reports on the effect of osmotic stress and ionic surfactants on kefiran production by L. kefiranofaciens A...

A new validated method based on potentiometric transduction for bispyribac herbicide assessment in commercial formulations, rice and wastewater samples is fabricated and characterized. Sensors are based in terms of their fabrication on tridodecyl methyl ammonium chloride (TDMAC) as recognition material. TDMAC was plasticized in a poly (vinyl chlori...

Novel potentiometric devices “ion-selective electrodes (ISEs)” were designed and characterized for the detection of 17β-estradiol (EST) hormone. The selective membranes were based on the use of man-tailored biomimics (i.e., molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs)) as recognition ionophores. The synthesized MIPs include a functional monomer (methacryl...

A simple potentiometric sensor is described for accurate, precise, and rapid determination of sulfite additives in beverages. The sensor is based on the use of cobalt phthalocyanine as a recognition material, dispersed in a plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) matrix membrane. o-Nitrophenyl octyl ether (o-NPOE) as a membrane solvent and tri-dodecylmeth...

To develop new antimicrobial agents, a series of novel thiourea derivatives incorporated with different moieties 2–13 was designed and synthesized and their biological activities were evaluated. Compounds 7a, 7b and 8 exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against all Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and the fungal Aspergillus flavus w...

Studies were carried out on the liver and intestine tissue of Clarias gariepinus after exposure to sublethal concentrations of LC 50 lead nitrate for 20 days. Fish were distributed into four groups, control (0 mg/L, LC 50 of Pb(NO 3) 2) and three groups exposed to 20, 40 and 60% of the LC 50 of Pb(NO 3) 2 (16.12, 32.24 and 48.37 mg/L respectively)....

Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) weighing 51.66 ± 2.42 g were exposed to 0%, 20%, 40%, and 60% of LC 50 to either lead nitrate (Pb(NO 3) 2) or copper sulfate (CuSO 4) for 30 days. The Pb(NO 3) 2 and CuSO 4 concentrations employed in the treatments of this study were 8.8, 17.6, and 26.4 mg/L and 2.57, 5.14, and 7.71 mg/l, respectively, and multi...

Cholesterol oxidase is an alcohol oxidoreductase flavoprotein with wide biotechnological applications. The current work describes the isolation of a potential cholesterol oxidase producing streptomycete from Egyptian soil. The isolated strain produced cholesterol oxidase in submerged culture using a medium containing glucose, yeast extract, malt ex...

As important cancer therapeutic agents, macrocyclic peptides have recently drawn great attention, mainly because they are synthetically accessible and have lower toxicity towards normal cells. In the present work, we synthesized newly macrocyclic pyridoheptapeptide derivatives. The synthesized derivatives were characterized using standard chemical...

A series of branched tetrapeptide Schiff bases 3–6 were designed and synthesized from corresponding tetrapeptide hydrazide 2 as a starting material.In vitroevaluation of the synthesized compounds 4–6 against breast MCF-7 carcinoma cells identified their excellent anticancer potency, with IC50 ranging from 8.12 ± 0.14 to 17.55 ± 0.27 μM in compariso...

This study aimed to investigate the effects of subleathal lead doses on the histological architecture of gills in the freshwater African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. Results revealed three stages of changes after exposure to three doses of lead nitrate. The changes were mild in fish exposed to 16.12 mg/L of Pb (NO3)2 (stage I 20% of LC50) and sever...

A series of linear tetrapeptides 2–7 and cyclooctapeptedopyridine derivatives 8 and 9 , were synthesized using N α -dinicotinoyl-bis[( l -phenylalaninyl- l -leucyl)hydrazide] 2 as starting material. Acid hydrazide 2 was reacted with aromatic or heterocyclic aldehydes to give Schiff base derivatives 3 and 4 , respectively. Additionally, compound 2 w...

The increased global demand for food leads to the extensive use of chemical fertilizers, which posed significant impacts and drawbacks on animal, environmental, and plant resources. Therefore, much attention has been paid recently toward the development of biofertilizers and biocontrol agents. Trichoderma is a fungal species that exists in various...

One of the major etiological factors that account for lung cancer is tobacco use. Benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P], one of the main constituents of tobacco smoke, has a key role in lung carcinogenesis. The present study was conducted to investigate the cytotoxicity of an aqueous ethanolic extract of Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers leaves (LLE) on human lung...

Background: Cuphea ignea is one of the herbal resources belonging to Lythraceae family. Some species of this family have been used traditionally in South and Central America's folk medicine for treating stomach disorders. Therefore, the present study was performed to evaluate the gastropreventive effect of aqueous ethanolic extract of C. ignea aer...

For many years, fungi have been considered as a high-potential biofactory for the production of nanoparticles based on their fast growth and high yield. Of a different fungal group, edible mushrooms have been given more attention as a biofactory based on their generally regarded as safe (GRAS) status according to the FDA. Therefore, many types of m...

Phaeangium lefebvrei belongs to desert truffles found naturally in deserts in the Arab Peninsula, and mainly consumed by birds. Therefore, they still present a natural un investigated source for the presence of bioactive molecules. In the present investigation, we evaluated the anti-proliferative activities of different solvent extracts of P. lefeb...

Three experimental diets, including fish meal replaced with different ratios (20%, 40% and 60%) of Ulva lactuca and a seaweed-free control diet were used to evaluate the effect of dietary seaweed incorporation on the growth performance, feed utilization and body composition of the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. The experiment lasted for 12 we...

The cloud point extraction (CPE) method was successfully used for the isolation and pre-concentration of ultra-low concentration of Pb prior to its determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Lead(II) reacts with methyl 4,20-diisobutyl-2,5,8,16,19,22- hexaoxo-7,17-dipropyl-3,6,9,15,18,21-hexaaza-1(2,6)-pyridinacyclo-docosaphane-10...

Lung cancer has one of the highest mortality rates among various types of cancer and is the most frequent cancer in the world. The incidence of lung cancer is increasing rapidly, in parallel with an increased incidence of smoking. Effective chemoprevention may be an alternative strategy to control the incidence of lung cancer. Thus, the objective o...

Study was conducted to evaluate the potential application of the dried microalga Arthrospira platensis in Oreochromis niloticus diets as a replacement for fish meal protein. A. platensis was incorporated into fish diets at 0% (D1-control), 10% Diet2 (D2), 20% Diet3 (D3), and 30% Diet4 (D4) replacement of fish meal protein. The final weight gain was...

Background: Natamycin is an antifungal polyene macrolide antibiotic with wide applications in health and food industries. Currently, it is the only antifungal food additive with the GRAS status (Generally Regarded as Safe). Results: Natamycin production was investigated under the effect of different initial glucose concentrations. Maximal antibi...

β-Galactosidase is an industrially important enzyme with many applications in various health, diagnostic and food processing industries. The present work describes the isolation and identification of a new isolate capable of producing β-galactosidase. The work was further extended to optimize the production medium and investigate the kinetics of ce...

Recently, essential oils from moringa seeds have been evaluated for their different biological potentials. However, their effect in embryonic development, either in human or animals, is not largely known. The current work was designed to investigate the developmental toxicity and in vivo anti-angiogenic effects of essential oils from Moringa oleife...

Truffles are consumed worldwide as a type of precious food. Desert truffles are characterized by their growth under extreme soil and climate conditions. They have numerous nutritional and medicinal applications. Desert truffles have been shown to exhibit various biological activities. During the present work, we identified two truffle types collect...

Desert truffles constitute an unexplored source for naturally occurring bioactive compounds. In the current work, different solvents have been used to extract bioactive components from T. nivea and T. claveryi. All tested extracts showed cytotoxic activities against HepG2 and L929 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Hexane extracts of T. nivea and T....

In this study, some of new thiophenyl thienopyrimidinone derivatives 2–15 were prepared and tested as anti-cancer agents by using thiophenyl thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidinone derivative 2 as a starting material, which was prepared from cyclization of ethyl ester derivative 1 with formamide. Treatment of 2 with ethyl- chloroacetate gave thienopyrimidinone N...

In this study, a series of newly synthesized substituted pyridine 9, 11–18, naphthpyridine derivative 10 and substituted pyrazolopyridines 19–23 by using cycnopyridone 8 as a starting material. Some of the synthesized candidates are evaluated as anticancer agents against different cancer cell lines. In vitro cytotoxic activities against hepatocellu...

Interest in the synthesis of heterocyclic organic molecules with peptide moieties has gained attention due to their potential biological activities. The current work aimed at synthesizing new macrocyclic tripeptide imides and evaluating their possible antimicrobial activities. A series of 11 derivatives were prepared from dimethyl 3,5-pyridinevalin...

The Recent developments in infrared spectroscopy have made it a method of choice for metabolomics study as it provides accurate analysis with low operating costs due to availability of spectra processing software and chemometrics analysis. The aim of this work is to demonstrate the high potential application of Attenuated Total Reflection/Fourier T...

The Recent developments in infrared spectroscopy have made it a method of choice for metabolomics study as it provides accurate analysis with low operating costs due to availability of spectra processing software and chemometrics analysis. The aim of this work is to demonstrate the high potential application of Attenuated Total Reflection/Fourier T...

Phytases are found naturally in many organisms especially in different classes of plants and microbes. Interest in these enzymes has been motivated by the fact that phytase supplements increase the bioavailability of phosphorus in food and feed which also reduce phosphorus pollution resulting from its excretion by livestock. Although phytases are r...

Herein, a facile route leading to good single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) dispersion or poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS) based single-piece nanocomposite membrane is proposed for trace determination of Cu2+ ions. The single-piece solid contact Cu2+-selective electrodes were prepared after drop casting the mem...

A series of estrone derivatives 3–8 was designed and synthesized using estrone arylmethylenes 2a,b as starting materials and their structures were confirmed by different spectral data and elemental analyses. All the newly synthesized compounds exhibited potent in vitro and in vivo cytotoxic activities against breast cancer cell lines. In addition,...

Background Pectinase enzymes present a high priced category of microbial enzymes with many potential applications in various food and oil industries and an estimated market share of $ 41.4 billion by 2020. Results The production medium was first optimized using a statistical optimization approach to increase pectinase production. A maximal enzyme...

A series of azocompounds containing methyl salicylate 4a–k and 1-naphthyl moiety 6–8 was synthesized and tested as anticancer agents. Nitrosation of methyl 5-amino-2-hydroxybenzoate or 1-aminonaphthalene by using NaNO 2 in the presence of HCl afforded diazonium salt derivatives 2 and 5 , which were treated with substituted imino or substituted amin...

A series of macrocyclic pyrido-pentapeptide candidates 2–6 were synthesized by using N,N-bis-[1-carboxy-2-(benzyl)]-2,6-(diaminocarbonyl)pyridine 1a,b as starting material. Structures of the newly synthesized compounds were established by IR, 1H and 13C-NMR, and MS spectral data and elemental analysis. The in-vitro cytotoxicity activity was investi...

Tyrosinase (EC 1.14.18.1, monophenol, O-diphenol: oxygen oxidoreductase) is a copper-metallo-bifunctional enzyme, which catalyzes the O-hydroxylation and oxidation of monophenols to quinones. Tyrosinase plays an important role in the immune defense mechanisms of many prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. It also finds many applications in antioxida...

Nowadays, nanotechnology is widely applied for the development of highly efficient products in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Converting bioactive materials to nanoscale not only increases their biocompatibility but also increases their effectiveness, even when lower doses are used. Metal nanoparticles can be synthesized by fungal cell...

Levan is an extracellular polysaccharide composed of fructose (fructans) with wide applications in pharmaceutical and chemical industries. The objectives of this research are to develop production medium through statistical optimization of medium composition in shake flask level, and bioprocess optimization for levan production by Bacillus subtilis...

A series of estrone derivatives, 2–4, were synthesized from the corresponding arylidine estrone, 2a,b, as starting materials, which were prepared by condensation of estrone (3-hydroxy-estran-17-one, 1) with 4-bromobenzaldehyde and thiophene-2-aldehyde. Treating of 2a,b with hydrazine derivatives in acetic acid or propionic acid afforded pyrazoline...

Invertase (β-D-fructofuranoside fructohydrolase; EC 3.2.1.26) constitutes an improtant microbial enzyme with wide applications in differnt food and pharmaceutical sectors. The present work used the biotherapeutic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii to produce invertase under different aeration rates in stirred tank bioreatcr. Our results showed that an a...

A series of substituted pyridinium candidates 2-11 were synthesized and tested as antimicrobial activities by using 4,9-di(3-methoxyphenyl)-2,7-dioxo-1,2,5,6,7,10-hexahydropyrido[2,3-g]quinoline- 3,8-dicarbonitrile (1) as starting material. Treatment of cyanopyridione 1 with ethyl chloroacetate afforded bis-ethyl ester derivative 2, which was fused...

Invertase (β-D-fructofuranoside fructohydrolase; EC 3.2.1.26) is a highly glycosylated enzyme which hydrolyzes sucrose to glucose and fructose. Therefore, it finds many applications in food and feed industries. In addition, this enzyme become more attractive for its potential application in pharmaceutical industries based on its antimicrobial activ...

In the process of profiling the secondary metabolites of actinobacteria isolated from the Saudi coastal habitats for production of antibiotics and anti-cancer drugs, the cultures of strain WH1 that was identified as Streptomyces heliomycini exhibited strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. By means of MS and NMR techniques, the...

Cordyceps is one of the components of traditional Chinese medicine. This mushroom becomes worldwide famous due to its significant therapeutic effects on various diseases. Nucleoside like cordycepin, a major bioactive compound from Cordyceps militaris, is commonly known as promising anticancer and antitumor compound. The aim of study is to determine...

In the process of profiling the secondary metabolites of actinobacteria isolated from the Saudi coastal habitats for production of antibiotics and anti-cancer drugs, the cultures of strain WH1 that was identified as Streptomyces heliomycini exhibited strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. By means of MS and NMR techniques, the...

We here in report the anti-cancer and kinases inhibitor activities of some substituted indole derivatives 1-10. which were synthesized and evaluated as analgesic and anticonvulsant agents before. Ten compounds were conveniently screened for their in vitro cytoyoxicity against a wide rannge of cell lines; these compounds showed potent activities aga...

Kefiran is a functional fermented milk product traditionally used for its beneficial probiotic properties. It exhibits antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory anticancer and different health promoting characteristics. Although kefiran showed potential effects against many cancer cell lines, little information is present in the literature on i...

Alpha amylase (E.C. 3.2.1.1) is one of the most important starch-degrading enzymes and widely applied in pharmaceutical, food, feed, detergent, textile and bio refinery industries. The present work was focused on optimization of alpha-amylase production using the bacteria strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in submerged cultivation system. The result...

Moringa peregrina belongs to the Moringaceae family and is native to the western part of Saudi Arabia and the eastern part of Egypt, from where it has been transferred to tropical and subtropical countries. The Moringa trees are highly appreciated for their nutritional and medicinal properties. In the past two decades, research has focused on inves...

The emergence of a large number of antimicrobialresistant organisms is a cause for concern. Nature is historically the source of drugs; indeed a considerable number of drugs have been developed from microorganisms, and are now used daily in the treatment of infectious diseases. However, the introduction to the pharmaceutical market of new therapeut...

Azotobacter vinelandii is a model free-living diazotroph, which converts atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia in the presence of atmospheric oxygen. During the last decades, extensive work has been carried out to study the genetic and metabolic properties of free living nitrogen fixing bacteria. However, there is still little information regarding bio...

The great demand on animal feed additives is directly proportional to the increased world human population. Such increase inspired the scientists to look for other alternatives for traditional feed additives in order to cope with the increased requirements in animal feeds which at the end enter the human food chain. Antibiotics have been used tradi...

Human gastrointestinal microbiota (HGIM) incorporate a large number of microbes from different species. Anaerobic bacteria are the dominant organisms in this microbial consortium and play a crucial role in human health. In addition to their functional role as the main source of many essential metabolites for human health, they are considered as bio...

In a continuation of and update to our research on the synthesis and biological evaluation of 1,2,4- triazolo[1,5-a]quinazolines, this study deals with a new series of their 5-hydrazono-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]quinazolines (1-19) that was synthesized by the reaction of 5-hydrazino-[1,2,4]triazoloquinazolines with a variety of aryl(hetero)aldehydes. T...

A new 5-hydrazono[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]quinazoline series was synthesized by the reaction of 5-hydrazino[1,2,4]triazoloquinazoline with different aryl(hetero)ketones or acid anhydrides and their structures were established using NMR and HREI-MS analyses. The potential cytotoxicity of all synthesized compounds against the human breast (MCF-7), hepat...

A series of substituted pyridine derivatives were synthesized from 2,5,7,8-tetrahydro-4-(5-methylfuran- 2-yl)-2-oxo-1H-pyrano[4,3-b]pyridine-3-carbonitrile (1) as starting material. Treatment of 1 with bromoethylacetate gave the corresponding ester derivatives (2) and (3) as a mixture which were separated by crystallization. Hydrazonolysis of 2 or...

Xanthan gum is an extracellular hetero polysaccharides of many industrial applications and produced by Xanthomonas campestris. This biopolymer is produced as extracellular product in submerged fermentation system. The production of xanthan was influenced by the concentration in glucose in medium. The maximal volumetric production of 17.9 g L⁻¹ was...

N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) metal complexes possess diverse biological activities but have yet to be extensively explored as potential chemotherapeutic agents. We have previously reported the synthesis of a new class of NHC metal complexes N-heterocyclic with acetate [IPr(BIAN)AuOAc] and chloride [IPr(BIAN)AuCl] ligands. In the experiments reporte...

Oxytetracycline (OTC) production by Streptomyces rimosus was studied in batch and fed-batch cultures in shake flask and bioreactor levels using semi-defined medium. First, the effect of glucose concentration on OTC production and growth kinetics was studied intensively. The optimal glucose concentration in the medium was 15 g/L. Higher glucose conc...

Fructooligosaccharides have been mainly produced by microbial fructosyltransferases (FTase) enzymes. The present work focuses on the optimization of medium composition and cultivation parameters affecting FTase produced by Penicillium aurantiogriseum AUMC 5605 in shake flask cultivation. FTase production was optimized in two steps using DeMeo’s fra...

Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) is widely consumed in tropical and subtropical regions for their valuable nutritional and medicinal characteristics. Recently, extensive research has been conducted on leaf extracts of M. oleifera to evaluate their potential cytotoxic effects. However, with the exception of antimicrobial and antioxidant activitie...

Objective: Kefiran is one of the important microbial polysaccharides of many pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. It shows many potential medical applications as antimicrobial and immunomodulatory compound. The present work focuses on medium optimization for kefiran production using the standard strain Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens in sub...