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Publications (19)
Tobacco and secondhand smoke remain leading threats to public health. Evidence since the 1950s has shown that the tobacco industry has acted in bad faith to deceive the public about the health effects of smoking. They have specifically targeted vulnerable populations including children and adolescents with various-and often misleading-marketing eff...
Purpose
Private time is an opportunity for the adolescent patient to speak directly to a healthcare provider and a marker of quality preventive health care. Little is known about whether adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with special healthcare needs (SHCNs) are afforded private discussions with their primary care clinicians.
Methods
We surveyed...
This chapter provides a brief review of the modern tobacco epidemic, from the onset of the automatic cigarette rolling machine, through the marketing to US troops and youth through movies and glamorization of tobacco, the master settlement and release of the industries documents demonstrating decades of lies about the harms of tobacco, FDA’s Family...
OBJECTIVES
We tested a Public Health Service 5As-based clinician-delivered smoking cessation counseling intervention with adolescent smokers in pediatric primary care practice.
METHODS
We enrolled clinicians from 120 practices and recruited youth (age ≥14) from the American Academy of Pediatrics Pediatric Research in Office Settings practice-based...
Introduction
Despite knowledge about major health effects of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure, systematic incorporation of SHS screening and counseling in clinical settings has not occurred.
Methods
A three-round modified Delphi Panel of tobacco control experts was convened to build consensus on the screening questions that should be asked and iden...
Introduction
A number of recent studies document the proportion of all cigarette packs that are ‘contraband’ using discarded packs to measure tax avoidance and evasion, which we call tax non-compliance. To date, academic studies using discarded packs focused on relatively small geographical areas such as a city or a neighbourhood.
Methods
We visit...
Purpose:
To develop a reliable observational data collection instrument to measure characteristics of the fast-food restaurant environment likely to influence consumer behaviors, including product availability, pricing, and promotion.
Design:
The study used observational data collection.
Setting:
Restaurants were in the Chicago Metropolitan St...
Objective:
To develop a reliable food store observational data collection instrument to be used for measuring product availability, pricing, and promotion.
Design:
Observational data collection.
Setting:
A total of 120 food stores (26 supermarkets, 34 grocery stores, 54 gas/convenience stores, and 6 mass merchandise stores) in the Chicago metr...
Given the central role played by pediatric nurses in intake assessment, discharge planning, and education for families of hospitalized pediatric patients, a child's hospitalization may provide a unique opportunity for counseling parents about smoking. We sought to determine if hospital policies can support nurses in effectively counseling parents a...
This study used direct field observations with interior assessments of outlets to validate food store and restaurant data from two commercial business lists conditional on classification of outlet type, including supermarkets, grocery stores, convenience stores, full-service restaurants and fast food restaurants. The study used a stratified random...
Passing tanning bed legislation restricting underage use has remained challenging.
We sought to determine the resources required to pass tanning bed legislation restricting use to children and identify key barriers to its passage.
A total of 15 states sought to pass tanning bed legislation in 2006; in-depth surveys were completed with advocates in...
Background: Adolescent overweight has increased greatly in recent decades. Environmental factors have been associated with eating and exercise behavior.
Methodology: Teens' use of food and physical activity outlets were collected during twelve telephone focus groups in 2008. Groups were stratified by age, locale type (urban, suburban, or rural),...
Background: Over the past four decades, the prevalence of obesity among U.S. adolescents has more than tripled. One of the primary causes of overweight and obesity is poor diet, including both food and beverage consumption. Liquid calories have been highlighted as one potential area for intervention, as an estimated 10-15% of total calories consume...
Childhood obesity may be lessened by parent-focused interventions. A pilot parent-directed trial with 46 parents of overweight and obese elementary school students was conducted at two ethnically diverse public schools in Framingham, Massachusetts. Parents were randomly assigned to either the Materials Group, which received mailed educational mater...
Good hand hygiene may reduce the spread of infections in families with children who are in out-of-home child care. Alcohol-based hand sanitizers rapidly kill viruses that are commonly associated with respiratory and gastrointestinal (GI) infections. The objective of this study was to determine whether a multifactorial campaign centered on increasin...
Background: Good hand hygiene may reduce the spread of childcare-acquired infections to family members. We evaluated whether alcohol-based hand sanitizer use reduces illness transmission in the home. Methods: We conducted a cluster randomized controlled trial. Eligible families had ≥1 child 6 months-5 years of age in childcare for ≥10 hours/week. I...
