Eduardo García-Meléndez

Universidad de León | UNILEON · Área de Geodinámica Externa (Department of Geography and Geology)

The material from which an archaeological piece is made provides a great deal of information regarding the society in which it was made; thus, any misidentification can lead to erroneous conclusions. The uniqueness of many of these pieces hinders their mineralogical analysis because the pieces cannot be damaged for sampling; therefore, errors in th...

To increase the resilience of communities against floods, it is necessary to develop methodologies to estimate the vulnerability. The concept of vulnerability is multidimensional, but most flood vulnerability studies have focused only on the social approach. Nevertheless, in recent years, following seismic analysis, the physical point of view has i...

La investigación se emplaza en la Cuenca de Madrid, perteneciente a la Cuenca del Tajo, compuesta por materiales de edad cenozoico de espesores variables, entre ellos arcillas con importancia económica para su explotación. El trabajo se centra en la exploración del mineral estevensita en los minerales presentes en la comarca de la Sagra (Toledo), m...

En este estudio se utilizan imágenes ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) para proporcionar información sobre la composición mineral en zonas de cultivo sin vegetación en un sector del noroeste de la cuenca del Duero. Se han aplicado distintos cocientes de bandas al conjunto de imágenes multiespectrales correspondi...

En la naturaleza, el ion uranilo se asocia comúnmente a arseniatos, fosfatos y vanadatos; uno de los orígenes secundarios másfrecuentes del uranio está asociado a fosfatos cálcicos biogénicos. En este estudio se han caracterizado minerales de uranio con espectroscopia de reflectancia VNIR-SWIR de laboratorio (400-2500 nm). Entre las muestras estudi...

Torrential rainfall regimes, among others, are the origin of accelerated soil erosion. The Spanish southeastern Mediterranean region is characterised by an arid climate regime affected by extreme erosion episodes with an important loss of sediments. Soil erosion effects are even more noticeable in areas where soil has been anthropically degraded, a...

Application of imaging spectroscopy techniques for the earth surface observation based on landform development related to the presence of clay minerals

High spatial resolution data recorded by the AHS (Airborne Hyperspectral Scanner) imaging system is evaluated for mapping the mineral composition of low relief landforms. The study area is located in the Cenozoic Tagus sedimentary basin (Central Iberian Peninsula) in geological units made of clay (smectites), evaporitic (gyspsum, anhydrite) and car...

Imaging spectrometry, also known as Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) or imaging spectroscopy, has been established as a robust technology for remotely mapping the distribution of spectrally active materials at the surface of the Earth. Clay minerals are spectrally active and provide surface compositional information for mineral exploration. The main obj...

Mineralogical characterization of kaolinite from Tamame de Sayago (Zamora) through VNIR-SWIR spectroscopy.

Hydrologic models such as the curve number request soil hydraulic variables, among other parameters, as input. In most countries, this represents a problem due to the lack of soil cartography and the high spatial variability of this type of variable. This situation is changing somewhat with the development of open-data sharing policies and the use...

p>The mineralogical analysis was carried out through the spectral properties developed by samples of soils and sediments from the northwestern edge of the Duero Basin. The absorptions produced by the oxides and Feoxyhydroxides (mainly hematite and goethite) are located in VNIR zones (400-1200 nm), while the absorption bands that are present in the...

This paper proposes a methodology for the analysis of social vulnerability to floods based on the integration and weighting of a range of exposure and resistance (coping capacity) indicators. It focuses on the selection and characteristics of each proposed indicator and the integration procedure based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) on a la...

Monitoring of mine waste on sulphide deposits through hyperspectral remote sensing data contributes to predicting surface water quality quantitatively estimating acid drainage and metal contamination on a yearly basis. The mineralogy of surface crusts loaded with highly soluble salts is a record of available humidity and temperature along the year....

The aim of this work is to establish preliminary spectral trends focused on the development of salt crusts in the marsh located at the mouth of the River Odiel (SW Spain) based on maps from archive Hyperion data. Temporal monitoring of salt efflorescence on the marshes at the mouth of the contaminated river is carried out using hyperspectral space...

To define the seismic potential of the left-lateral strike-slip Alhama de Murcia fault (SE Iberian Peninsula), we calculated its slip rate by measuring offset linear features of known age using a morphotectonic analysis. The Lorca-Totana section of the fault yielded a minimum slip rate of 1.0 ± 0.2 mm/a for the past 30 ka, based on a channel whose...

General overview of the methodologies applied to the mapping of pyrite weathering products precipitating along the Odiel river banks and its temporal evolution. Water pH mapping in river Odiel and Herrerías mines opencasts results are also showed.

Marshes are highly dynamic ecosystems based on the interaction between sea level, land elevation, vegetation cover and sediment accretion. In the current study case, the acid mine drainage-contaminated River Odiel water in the estuary, interact with marine salt water resulting in complex geochemical processes developing salt crusts in intratidal pl...

Three-dimensional paleoseismology in strike-slip faults with slip rates less than 1 mm per year involves a great methodological challenge. We adapted 3D trenching to track buried channels offset by the Alhama de Murcia seismogenic left-lateral strike-slip fault (SE Iberia). A fault net slip of 0.9 ± 0.1 mm/yr was determined using statistical analys...

We present a chronology of paleo-earthquakes established at La Hoya (Lorca), a paleoseismic site in the southern branch of the Alhama de Murcia Fault (Eastern Betics). Because of the difficulties in dating the affected sediments using a single dating approach, we combined four types of methods; Two of them based on the luminescence of quartz and fe...

Imaging spectroscopy is used in this work as an essential mapping tool to monitor changes in contaminated river sediments. Multi-date hyperspectral image data (HyMap) are used to identify spatial mineral patterns, to detect temporal changes in mineralogy and to link these changes with geochemical processes and short-term climate characteristics. Ri...

This dissertation features a study of geomorphology and geological activity in the vicinity of Vegellina de Órbigo, in the NW of Spain. The aim of this project is to carry out an accurate characterization of the physical environment of the study area as a basis for susceptibility studies of geological hazards and their representation in a geomorpho...

Hyperspectral high spatial resolution Hymap data are used to map mine waste from massive sulphide ore deposits, mostly abandoned, on the Iberian Pyrite Belt (SW Spain). Mine dams, mill tailings and mine dumps in variable states of pyrite oxidation are recognizable. The interpretation of hyperspectral remote sensing requires specific algorithms able...

Temporal monitoring of salt efflorescence on the marshes at the mouth of the river Odiel (Huelva) is made using hyperspectral archive Hyperion data. Climate variability estimations are made based on well-known spectral features related to vegetation and shallow water, using archive spectral libraries. The observations point to spectral and geomorph...

Temporal monitoring of salt efflorescence on the marshes at the mouth of the river Odiel (Huelva) is made us - ing hyperspectral archive Hyperion data. Climate variability estimations are made based on well-known spectral features related to vegetation and shallow water, using archive spectral libraries. The observations point to spectral and geomo...

The NNW-SSE shortening between Eurasian and African plates takes place at rate of 4-6 mm/yr and is mostly absorbed, in the Iberian part, by the EBSZ (SE Spain). The Alhama de Murcia fault (AMF) is one of the faults in this system. It is generally considered that the AMF has a slow slip rate (on the order of 0.1 mm/yr, although associated to high un...

Sulphide mine waste extensively contaminates the Odiel River (Pyrite Belt, Huelva, SW Spain), releasing sulphuric acid in running water. Acidic water in this river precipitates and dissolves variably hydrated iron sulphate in a complex geological pattern controlled by climate. Imaging spectroscopy using Hymap data is used to assess the monitoring o...

The AMF has been identified as seismogenic but its seismic characterization requires a better establishment of the seismic sequence. To this aim, we studied three trenches at El Saltador where we observed interstratified, fine-grained units with no internal structure that show maximum thickness next to the fault scarp and lack lithological analogue...

The Alhama de Murcia fault is a left-lateral strike-slip fault with a reverse component. Previous paleoseismic studies demonstrated its seismogenic nature but they did not obtained well constrained slip rate values, a good indicator of the seismic potential of a fault. In this paper we present new results from 3D trenching at the El Saltador site (...

RESUMEN La cartografía de productos de contaminación procedentes de residuos mineros de sulfuros de hierro en el cauce de un río con datos hiperespectrales Hymap, requiere la cartografía previa de los sedimentos del río. Los rasgos microgeomorfológicos en el cauce cambian la dinámica del agua y los procesos hidrogeoquímicos. El uso de una espectrot...

RESUMEN Se realiza un seguimiento temporal de eflorescencias salinas en las Marismas del río Odiel, que ocupan el estuario en su desembocadura, con imágenes hiperespectrales Hyperion de archivo. A partir de varias cartografías elaboradas con tratamiento de imágenes, se han realizado estimaciones de variabilidad climática basadas en series minerales...

The classification results showed that the mine waste deposits can be easily mapped using available standard algorithms such as Mahalanobis Distance. The results obtained from the SFF method suggest that there is an abundance of different minerals such as alunite, copiapite, ferrihydrite, goethite, jarosite, and gypsum within the mine area. From a...

[Free access: http://elsarticle.com/1ejBSjA ] Cosmogenic nuclide depth-profiles are used to calculate the age of landforms, the rates at which erosion has affected them since their formation and, in case of deposits, the paleo-erosion rate in the source area. However, two difficulties are typically encountered: 1) old deposits or strongly affected...

The ecogeographical data used to calculate potential distribution models of species is obtained mainly from thematic maps. Although this data is usually available in developed areas of the world, this may not be the case for other areas, when a particular type of data does not exist and may be necessary to obtain this information with fieldwork. An...

The Odiel River (Huelva, southwest Spain) carries acidic water originating from mine waste contamination, including massive sulphide ore deposits. As the river approaches the coastal estuary, tidal factors influence both sediment and water dynamics. As water velocity decreases, sediment load transport capacity also decreases, building river bars co...

Hyperspectral low spatial resolution Hyperion data are used to map mine waste from massive sulphide ore deposits, mostly abandoned, on the Iberian Pyrite Belt. Hymap high spatial resolution data are used for crossed interpretation. Mine dams, mill tailings and mine dumps in a variable state of pyrite oxidation are recognizable. Ponds of acid water...

Most catastrophic earthquakes occur along fast-moving faults, although some of them are triggered by slow-moving ones. Long paleoseismic histories are infrequent in the latter faults. Here, an exceptionally long paleoseismic record (more than 300 k.y.) of a slow-moving structure is presented for the southern tip of the Alhama de Murcia fault (Easte...

La Base de Datos de Fallas Activas de Iberia (QAFI) es una iniciativa del Instituto Geológico y Minero de España (IGME) para construir un repositorio público de información científica sobre fallas con actividad en los últimos 2,6 Ma (Cuaternario). Además, la QAFI persigue facilitar la transferencia de conocimiento geológico al ámbito tecnológico de...

Quaternary Active Faults Database of Iberia (QAFI) is an initiative lead by the Institute of Geology and Mines of Spain (IGME) for building a public repository of scientic data regarding faults having documented activity during the last 2.59 Ma (Quaternary). QAFI also addresses a need to transfer geologic knowledge to practitioners of seismic haza...

The river Odiel runs through the Iberian Pyrite Belt (SW Spain), hosting numerous massive sulphide ore deposits, which have been mined for 5000 years. Extensive mine waste exposed to the atmosphere includes pyrite and other metallic sulphides, releasing sulphuric acid to running water lowering its pH, and spreading heavy metals to the environment....

The Odiel River (Huelva, southwest Spain) carries acidic water originating from mine waste contamination, including massive sulphide ore deposits. As the river approaches the coastal estuary, tidal factors influence both sediment and water dynamics. As water velocity decreases, sediment load transport capacity also decreases, building river bars co...

Published in Journal of Iberian Geology 38(1) (2012), as an Annex to the paper: "The Quaternary Active Faults Database of Iberia (QAFI v.2.0)" by García-Mayordomo et al, same issue.

Monitoring mine waste from sulfide deposits by hyperspectral remote sensing can be used to predict surface water quality by quantitatively estimating acid drainage and metal contamination on a yearly basis. In addition, analysis of the mineralogy of surface crusts rich in soluble salts can provide a record of annual humidity and temperature. In fac...

RESUME En este trabajo se aplica un Análisis de Espectroscopía Derivativa y un Modelo Automático de Gaussianas Modificadas al estudio de imágenes hiperespectrales Hymap de una zona que alberga numerosos yacimientos minerales de sulfuros masivos sobre cuyos residuos se desarrollan procesos de oxidación de pirita, y que originan drenaje ácido de mina...

RESUMEN El agua que fluye por el rio Odiel (Huelva) es ácida por la contaminación procedente de las minas de sulfuros masivos situadas a lo largo de su curso alto y medio. Al acercarse al estuario, el agua marina que asciende con las mareas costeras se mezcla con el agua fluvial en descenso, y reacciona con los sedimentos depositados por el río. La...

One of the main strengths of active microwave remote sensing, in relation to frequency, is its capacity to penetrate vegetation canopies and reach the ground surface, so that information can be drawn about the vegetation and hydrological properties of the soil surface. All this information is gathered in the so called backscattering coefficient (σ(...

One of the main strengths of active microwave remote sensing, in relation to frequency, is its capacity to penetrate vegetation canopies and reach the ground surface, so that information can be drawn about the vegetation and hydrological properties of the soil surface. All this information is gathered in the so called backscattering coefficient (s0...

Monitoring of mine waste on sulphide deposits through remote-sensing hyperspectral data contributes to the prediction of potential surface-water quality, quantitatively estimating acid drainage and metal contamination on a yearly basis. Based on previous Hymap mapping of salt efflorescence on mine wastes, various domains within the mine facilities...

Hyperspectral low spatial resolution Hyperion data are used to map mine waste on the Iberian Pyrite Belt from massive sulphide ore deposits, mostly abandoned. Hymap high spatial resolution data are used for crossed interpretation. Mine dams, mill tailings and mine dumps on a variable state of pyrite oxidation is recognizable. A sequence of hyperspe...

The “Arribes del Duero” (Western of Zamora and Salamanca Provinces, Spain) and their opposite portuguese area (Eastern of the Tras-os-Montes and Alto Douro Provinces) are located geologically between the Morais allochthonous complex (Portugal) and the “Tormes Dome” in Spain. It’s a 2000 Km region with a high geodiversity, and with geomorphological...

One of the main strengths of active microwave remote sensing, in relation to frequency, is its capacity to penetrate vegetation canopies, and reach the ground surface, so that information about the vegetation and hydrological properties of the surface can be drawn. All this infor-mation is gathered in the so called backscattering coefficient (sigma...

The southeastern Iberian Peninsula shows a wide distribution of seismicity, which together with the very slow plate convergence rate (4-5,6mm/yr) suggests, the presence of a number of hidden seismogenic faults widespread and slow-moving. Few of these faults have produced catastrophic historical earthquakes and the rest have remained silent historic...

El uso de imágenes como método de exploración geológica se ha asociado de manera preferente a la exploración de yacimientos minerales, su actividad industrial tradicional. De una manera casi natural se ha popularizado el término de mapas de minerales o cartografía de minerales en el mundo de la teledetección geológica. Sin embargo, los minerales qu...

RESUMEN El seguimiento de residuos mineros en yacimientos de sulfuros complejos con datos hiperespectrales contribuye a predecir la calidad del agua de escorrentía estimando cuantitativamente el drenaje ácido de mina y la contaminación por metales, que acompaña al año hidrológico. Las Agencias de Protección Ambiental y los Servicios Geológicos han...

The Alhama de Murcia fault (FAM) is part of the Eastern Betics Shear Zone (EBSZ), one of the most seismically active regions of the Iberian Peninsula. The fault, of NE-SW strike, is prominent along an almost 100 km trace and constitutes the geomorphologic southeastern boundary between a train of ranges situated in the NW block (Eg. Las Estancias an...

Altitude is an important factor when explaining species distributions. However, many biogeographical studies register altitude directly through topographic maps; a time-consuming manual process prone to mistakes. Currently, GIS and DEMs allow this work to be done more efficiently. Two methods for registering altitude for locations of amphibians and...

Wetlands are particularly sensitive environments receiving attention from the natural sciences community due to their wealth of both flora and fauna, and often considered as natural parks. In the Tablas de Daimiel (La Mancha, Central Spain), Digital Airborne Imaging Spectrometer data (DAIS 7915) have been analyzed to map geological processes on are...

Wetlands are particularly sensitive environments receiving attention from the natural sciences community due to their wealth of both flora and fauna, and often considered as natural parks. In the Tablas de Daimiel (La Mancha, Central Spain), Digital Airborne Imaging Spectrometer data (DAIS 7915) have been analyzed to map geological processes on are...

Hyperspectral imagery has been able to distinguish paleoflooded areas related to a receding wetland due to differential mineralogical contents associated with variable humidity available in the past, and palustrine and fluvial processes, through maps performed using hyperspectral image processing. Gypsum, carbonate and organic matter are paleoclima...

The Eastern Betic Shear Zone (EBSZ) in the Betic Cordillera (southern Spain) accommodates part of the Neogene and Quaternary shortening between the Iberian and the African plates. Although the EBSZ is characterised by shallow low to moderate magnitude instrumental seismicity, it seems to be the source of several historical catastrophic events with...

Gentle sloping terrains along the margins of fluvio lacustrine systems include morphological fea- tures related to landscape development under changing climate conditions, mainly during Quater- nary times. At the headwater catchment areas of large rivers, such sedimentary and morphological record systems reflect water availability changes giving va...

Terrain with abundant gypsum and carbonate tend to develop big cavity surfaces by material collapse when salts dissolve in surface water. Rain rates, runoff and soil humidity contribute on unknown terms to a sudden collapse opening holes on the ground with a diameter of several meters jeopardising severely civil engineering communication works. DAI...

INTRODUCCIÓN Una herramienta muy útil para determinar aspectos importantes de la composición química y mineralógica de la superficie terrestre es la espec-troscopía de reflectancia de laboratorio en el visi-ble (400-700 nm) e infrarrojo cercano (700-2500 nm). Los espectros de reflectancia de la región comprendida entre 400 y 2500 nm son de gran imp...

Currently, most of the research focused on general pedotransfer functions (PTFs) has been generated under humid climatic conditions. Nevertheless, this article proposes an estimation of pedotransfer functions for a great variety of climatic and physiographic conditions, with a predominance of soils developed under semi-arid conditions, such as thos...

Terrain with abundant gypsum and carbonate tend to develop big cavity surfaces by material collapse when salts dissolve in surface water. Rain rates, runoff and soil humidity contribute on unknown terms to a sudden collapse opening holes on the ground with a diameter of several meters jeopardising severely civil engineering communication works. DAI...