E. B. G. Jones

King Saud University | KKUH · Department of Botany and Microbiology

Torrentispora fibrosa gen. sp. nov. (Ascomycota, Annulatascaceae) is described based on specimens from submerged wood collected from streams in Tai Po Kau Forest Reserve, Hong Kong. T. fibrosa is characterized by immersed to superficial ascomata with a peridium of black cells arranged in irregular rows, wide septate paraphyses, long cylindrical asc...

Test blocks of Dipterocarpus alatus and Xylia dolabriformis were exposed in a freshwater stream for 12 months at km 29.2 at Khao Yai National Park, Thailand and recovered every month, incubated in moist chambers and fungal colonization recorded. The sequence of colonisation of fungi, the frequency of occurrence and the percentage cover on the test...

Test blocks of Avicennia marina and Bruguiera parviflora were exposed at Kuala Selangor mangrove stand for 90 weeks and examined at regular intervals to determine colonization patterns. Sixty-one fungi were identified from 486 test blocks. The most common fungi on Avicennia marina blocks were Halosarpheia marina, Lignincola laevis, L. longirostris,...

Halophytophthora species are commonly isolated from fallen mangrove leaves from early to late stages of decay. In this study we show that these organisms are well adapted to mangrove habitats as they have a wide tolerance to varying levels of pH, salinity and temperature. They also produce, abundant zoospores, and are chemotactically attracted to d...

Vertexicola caudatus gen. et sp. nov., is de-scribed and illustrated from sibmerged wood col-lected from a creek in the Philippines and a river in Hong Kong. Vertexicola differs from other genera in the Annulatascaceae (Sordariales) in having thick-walled distoseptate ascospores and asci with a tail-like structure. The placement of Vertexicolawithi...

Vertexicola caudatus gen. et sp. nov., is described and illustrated from submerged wood collected from a creek in the Philippines and a river in Hong Kong. Vertexicola differs from other genera in the Annulatascaceae (Sordariales) in having thick-walled distoseptate ascospores and asci with a tail-like structure. The placement of Vertexicola within...

Leptosphaerulina mangrovei sp. nov. (Pleosporaceae, Ascomycota) from decaying mangrove wood ofKandelia candel from subtropical Hong Kong is described and compared to related taxa.

A new genus, Halorosellinia, is introduced to accommodate the lignicolous mangrove inhabitant Hypoxylon oceanicum. A detailed illustrated account of the teleomorphic and anamorphic states is given. Halorosellinia oceanica comb. nov., is compared with Stilbohypoxylon quisquiliarum and Nemania confluens (a reduced form of Nemania) and the reasons for...

The microfungi of three palm species were investigated in their natural habitats and in habitats where the palms were cultivated outside their natural ranges. The palms that were selected differed in their habitats and ecology. Archontophoenix alexandrae is endemic to tropical rainforests in Australia, Cocos nucifera is pan-tropical and Trachycarpu...

Cladistic analysis was performed on partial sequences from the nuclear-encoded small subunit ribosomal DNA. Four Halosarpheia spp., Lignincola laevis and Nais inornata were examined to determine the placement of these genera within the unitunicate ascomycetes. Two equally most parsimonious cladograms resulted from the analysis of the data. In a str...

The white-rot fungus Pycnoporus sanguineus produces laccase under a range of C/N ratios in submerged liquid culture. Enzyme production was increased 50 fold in the presence of 20 μM xylidine to a maximum of 1368 U L-1 in a high carbon low nitrogen medium. Slight repression of enzyme production was observed in high nitrogen culture medium. Other pot...

The white-rot fungus Pycnoporus sanguineus produces laccase under a range of C/N ratios in submerged liquid culture. Enzyme production was increased 50 fold in the presence of 20 μM xylidine to a maximum of 1368 U L⁻¹ in a high carbon low nitrogen medium. Slight repression of enzyme production was observed in high nitrogen culture medium. Other pot...

Cryptovalsa mangrovei is described and illustrated as a new species from a wood test block submerged in the intertidal zone of Mai Po Mangrove in Hong Kong and compared with C. halosarceiicola, another mangrove species, and C. suaedicola from an intertidal salt marsh plant.

Halosarpheia kandeliae sp. nov. collected on intertidal bark of Kandelia candel is described and its unique ascus morphology illustrated. It is compared with other Halosarpheia spp. and Aniptodera salsuginosa.

The ultrastructure of the dimorphic ascospores of Mamillisphaeria dimorphospora are illustrated. The small brown ascospores differ from the larger hyaline ascospores in having a thick melanin layer in the ascospore wall. They are also 2–3 times smaller and do not germinate on PDA. The significance of these observations with respect to dispersal of...

A new speciesDactylospora mangrovei is described and illustrated and compared withD. haliotrepha andD. canariensis, all marine inhabiting species.Dactylospora haliotrepha andD. mangrovei are tropical/sub-tropical mangrove species collected in Hong Kong, Malaysia, Taiwan and Thailand, whileD. canariensis was described from temperate waters. A map of...

A new genus of freshwater ascomycetes, Cataractisopora, with three new species: C. aquatica, C. appendiculata and C. viscosa, are described. These fungi occur on decaying wood and possess similar characteristics including coriaceous globose ascomata, wide septate paraphyses, cylindrical asci with a relatively massive refractive apical ring and asco...

Ultrastructure of the marine, bitunicate, ascomycete Julella avicenniae is presented and compared with the marine Pleospora gaudefroyi. Asci of J. avicenniae possess an ocular chamber, a thick endoascus, and a thinner ectoascus. Pseudoparaphyses are enveloped by mucilage (hyphal sheath) which stains with ruthenium red. The mucilage appears to be an...

Five lignicolous mangrove fungi (Hypoxlon oceanicum, Julella avicenniae, Lignincola laevis, Savoryella lignicola and Trematosphaeria mangrovei) produced extracellular endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase and β-glucosidase when cultivated under static conditions in a defined liquid growth medium. Agitation of cultures completely repressed enzyme product...

Mass mortality among pond cultured red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) was observed in Hong Kong. Affected fish were lethargic and lost their appetite but no lesions on the body surface were apparent. Patches of white to brownish cottony growth on the gills of affected fish were observed and microscopic examination revealed mats of hyaline mycelia with...

A new freshwater ascomycete Micropeltopsis quinquecladiopsis sp. nov. was collected on submerged twigs in a stream in Thailand. The fungus is described at the light microscope, scanning and transmission electron microscope level. Distinctive features are the appendaged 1-septate hyaline ascospores. The appendage arises as an outgrowth of the epispo...

Annulatascus species are common freshwater ascomycetes in the tropics. In this paper, the type species, Annulatascus velatisporus, and a new species, A. triseptatus, are described and illustrated at light and electron microscope levels. Annulatascus triseptatus differs from A. velatisporus in having three-septate ascospores surrounded by a thin she...

Fifty intertidal fungi are reported from three locations in the Philippines. Twenty-one of these taxa are new records for the Philippine Islands. Acrocordiopsis sphaerica sp. nov., is decribed and illustrated, and is compared with A. patilii.

Fluminicola bipolaris is described based on a specimen found on submerged wood collected in a tropical river in the Philippines. The taxon is similar to species of Annulatascus, but differs in having ascospores with bipolar bifurcate or cup-like appendages. The structure of these appendages is unique and is illustrated at the light, scanning and el...

A collection of Capronia ciliomaris (Herpotrichiellaceae, Dothideales, Ascomycota) from San Juan Island, Washington State, USA, was studied. Ultrastructural examination elucidated the nature of structures observed previously at the light microscope level and revealed others not recorded in the original description. Interthecial filaments are lackin...

A collection of Capronia ciliomaris (Herpotrichiellaceae, Dothideales, Ascomycota) from San Juan Island, Washington State, USA, was studied. Ultrastructural examination elucidated the nature of structures observed previously at the light microscope level and revealed others not recorded in the original description. Interthecial filaments are lackin...

Goidanichiella fusiforma sp. nov. was identified from collections of decaying palm fronds in tropical rainforests in Brunei and Thailand. The new taxon is described and illustrated, and compared with similar taxa.

The longevity of the egg, larval, pupal and adult stages of Nacerdes were reported under varying conditions of temperature and relative humidity. In addition, monitoring of the environmental conditions at a site containing infested timber, showed temperature controlled adult emergence, while relative humidity influenced fecundity. Information from...

Chemotactic response of zoospores of two mangrove strains of Halophytophthora vesicula (isolates LEM-031 and LEM-036) was evaluated using a capillary root model for chemotaxis assay. Different compounds were tested as attractants, including amino acids, carbohydrates, lectins, ethanol and plant material and extracts. Zoospores of the two strains we...

Chemotactic response of zoospores of two mangrove strains of Halophytophthora vesicula (isolates LEM-031 and LEM-036) was evaluated using a capillary root model for chemotaxis assay. Different compounds were tested as attractants, including amino acids, carbohydrates, lectins, ethanol and plant material and extracts. Zoospores of the two strains we...

Single ascospore isolates ofAscotaiwania sawada gave rise to conidia of aMonotosporella species. Repeated isolations confirmed that theMonotosporella was the anamorph ofA. sawada. These findings are discussed and compared with the other known anamorph-teleomorph stages of freshwater fungi. This species ofMonotosporella is new to science but because...

Marine fungi are an ecological rather than a taxonomic group and comprise an estimated 1500 species, excluding those that form lichens. They occur in most marine habitats and generally have a pantropical or pantemperate distribution. Marine fungi are major decomposers of woody and herbaceous substrates in marine ecosystems. Their importance lies in...

Diluviocola capensis gen. and sp. nov. is described from wood submerged in a river in Brunei. The fungus is similar to species in Annulatascus, but it has unique ascospore appendages. In D. capensis ascospores have polar conical caps. After release from the ascus these polar caps detach from the tip, and a thread-like appendage unfurls from within...

Fallen leaves of Kandelia candel and Acanthus ilicifolius from the Mai Po Nature Reserve, Hong Kong, were collected and returned to the laboratory for the isolation of marine species of Halophytophthora (Straminipilous fungi). Discs of leaf samples were washed with sterile artificial seawater (ASW) and inoculated into peptone-yeast-extract-glucose-...

Gamma irradiation is evaluated as a novel decay prevention treatment for waterlogged archaeological wood. A dose of 15 kGy was found to be sufficient to inactivate a large number of wood biodeteriogens, including fungi, bacteria and invertebrates, at various stages of development. For timbers excavated from polluted sites, a dose of 25 kGy is sugge...

Four new taxa are described, each having multiseptate ascospores with hyaline end cells; Savoryella limnetica, Ascotaiwania wulai, A. hsilio and A. sawada). Savoryella and Ascotaiwania are evaluated and separated by the following characters: Savoryella has broad, up to 8 μm paraphyses (sparse) that are septate and rounded at their ends, and smaller...

Craints quand ils sont pathogènes, appréciés pour leurs antibiotiques, les champignons ont des représentants marins dont le rôle écologique est sans doute sous-estimé. Leur univers à part est encore largement à explorer.

Hirsutella petchabunensis is described from a single specimen collected on a Lepidoptera larva in tropical forest in Thailand. This is linked, both in the field and through cultural studies, with a distinctive helicosporous synanamorph that is assigned to Helicoma.

Cellulolytic and ligninolytic activity in fifteen marine fungi was assessed. All displayed endoglucanase and cellobiohydrolase activity indicated by utilisation of carboxymethylcellulose and crystalline cellulose respectively. Variations in salinity appeared to have little effect on the extent of cellulolysis. Ligninolytic enzyme activity as indica...

The cell wall targeted antifungal activity of Hypoxylon oceanicum LL-15G256 extracts resulted from the production of novel lipodepsipeptides and previously reported macrocyclic polylactones. In an optimized medium, titers of the lipodepsipeptide and the polylactones reached approximately 200-400 mg/liter and 25-50 mg/liter, respectively. The optimu...

Temperate marine fungi are a distinct ecological group and differ from those found in tropical habitats, with the exception of a few cosmopolitan species. Sixty-two marine fungi were collected at San Juan Island, a temperate site, in 1994. The most frequently collected species were: Halosphaeria appendiculata, Monodictyspelagica, Halosarpheia trull...

Asci of Massarina ramunculicola are bitunicate with an ocular chamber and apical differentiation of the wall. Ascospores possess an exosporial mucilaginous sheath which contains a fibrillar component. Prior to ascospore release the fibrillar material of the sheath penetrates the delimiting membrane at the ascospore poles to form a polar cap. This s...

The effect of three carbohydrate-digesting enzymes, β-glucuronidase, lyticase and α-mannosidase and three proteolytic enzymes, α-chymotrypsin, papain and pronase E, on the strength of conidial attachment ofLemonniera aquatica andMycoentrospora filiformis was determined using the LH_Fowler cell Adhesion Measurement Module. Carbohydrate-digesting enz...

Massarina armatispora (Ascomycota, Dothideales, Lophiostomataceae) is described for the first time at the ultrastructural level. Two new structures were observed for this species. Firstly, the ascospores were shown to possess polar chambers formed from the episporium and which contained a fibrillar material and secondly, a lateral fibrillar appenda...

A collection of Thyridium chrysomallum was found on dead petioles of Archontophoenix alexandrae (Palmae) in Hong Kong. This collection differed from previous material in having immersed, single ascomata and pale brown ascospores. Because of the similarities of other characteristics we do not consider the collection to represent a further species of...

The germination of ascospores of the marine fungusHalosphaeria appendiculata was investigated with transmission electron microscopy. Prior to germination, settled ascospores became surrounded by a fibro-granular layer. Small, membrane-bounded vesicles and larger electron-dense membrane-bounded vesicles aggregated at the site of germ tube formation...

Submerged wood collected in north Queensland yielded a new ascomycete with ascal characteristics similar to those found in species of Ceratosphaeria. We compared our taxon with the type species C. lampadophora and found them to differ. Rivulicola incrustata gen. et sp. nov. is therefore described to accommodate this species. Ascomata of R. incrusta...

Spore attachment of the saprobic aquatic Hyphomycetes Lemonniera aquatica and Mycocentrospora filiformis was compared on Thermanox cover slips at the scanning and transmission electron microscope levels. The strength of attachment to Perspex discs was measured with the Fowler cell adhesion measurement module. Data are presented on the initial attac...

The ultrastructure of the ascospores of Tunicatispora australiensis is described. Mature ascospores possess three wall layers; an innermost tripartite mesosporium, a tripartite episporium and an outermost seven-laminate exosporium. Ascospores are characterized by a thick, irregular exosporium, and single-stranded coiled episporial polar appendages...

A new species of Corollospora, C. besarispora is described from sand grains in association with driftwood, collected at Turtle Bay, Pulau Pangkor, Peninsular Malaysia. Corollospora colossa was also collected from sandy beaches in Malaysia, and most closely resembles C. besarispora. The species are compared and distinguishing characters highlighted.

Stages in conidiun attachment to surfaces of Lemmoniera aquatica and Mycocentrospora filiformis (freshwater Hyphomycetes) were studied at the light microscope and scanning and transmission electron microscope levels. Sigmoid conidia of M. filiformis attach by pre-existing conidial mucilage at the spore pole and at a point along the conidial body. T...

Fourty-four fungi growing on sand associated with driftwood collected at various beach sites in Malaysia and seventeen fungi growing on buried wood collected from Singapore are recorded. The most frequently collected species were Periconia prolifica, Savoryella appendiculata, Corollospora pulchella, Trichocladium cf.: alopallonella. Other fungi com...

The results of a comparative study of the structure of wall digested sporangia of Linderina pennispora at the scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) levels and with the atomic force microscope (AFM) are presented. Atomic force microscopy was undertaken on uncoated, unshadowed material and provided images of the wall microfibrils...

A new tricyclic sesquiterpeneisoculmorinwas isolated from the marine fungus Kallichroma tethys and its structure determined by X-ray crystallography.

Pyrenographa xylographoides, from intertidal mangrove wood in Malaysia and Australia, is redescribed and illustrated with interference contrast light micrographs.

Melaspilea mangrovei is described from submerged mangrove wood collected in Australia and Hong Kong. The ascomata are superficial, lirelliform, with an opening along the entire length exposing the hymenium. Asci are bitunicate with rostrate dehiscence and the walls stain blue in Melzer's reagent. Ascospores are bicelled, ellipsoidal, hyaline and su...

A new species of Camillea from Kuala Selangor, Malaysia is described and its relationship to other species of Camillea is discussed.

The monotypic ascomycete genus Pulmosphaeria (Lasiosphaeriaceae) is described from Archontophoenix alexandrae. P. archontophoenicis is characterised by pairs of immersed ascomata with a common central ostiole, long cylindrical asci and filiform ascospores, obtuse at the apex and acute at the base and with an eccentric basal septum.

Mamillisphaeria dimorphospora (Melanommatales) is described from north Queensland from wood submerged in freshwater. M. dimorphospora has also been collected in Brunei and Malaysia. Mamillisphaeria can be accommodated in the Melanommataceae or the Massariaceae, but differs from previously described genera in having dimorphic hyaline and brown-celle...

A collection of Swampomyces armeniacus made in North Queensland, Australia, and with measurements slightly smaller than those of the type material but within the range for the species, was studied. Ultrastructural examination elucidated the nature of structures observed previously at the light microscope level and revealed features not recorded in...

A new freshwater ascomycete, Halosarpheia aquadulcis sp. nov. (Halosphaeriaceae; Halosphaeriales), is described and illustrated and compared with other species of Halosarpheia and Aniptodera from marine and freshwater habitats.

The growth and ascocarp formation of Aigialus parvus, Lignincola laevis and Verruculina enalia in single and mixed cultures on wood of Avicennia alba, Bruguiera cylindrica and Rhizophora apiculata was studied. In pure cultures, these fungi grew well on all three species of wood. Except for Aigialus parvus on B. cylindrica, all three fungi also form...

The present study was carried out to investigate the higher fungi colonizing the herbaceous mangrove associate Acanthus ilicifolius. This paper reports part of an investigation to determine if there is vertical distribution of fungi on the standing plant. The Mai Po Mangrove, Hong Kong is estuarine with great variations in salinity mainly due to th...

Over one hundred fungi have been reported on mangrove wood (Hyde and Jones, 1988; Jones and Kuthubutheen, 1989; Hyde and Jones, unpublished) from tropical and subtropical locations. A variety of factors affect the frequency of occurrence of these fungi, e.g . salinity, length of exposure of substrate, wood species and location within the mangrove....

A methylene chloride: methanol (2:1v/v) extract of the marine fungus Lignincol laevis was found to inhibit the growth of mouse murine leukemia cells (L 1210). Large scale culturing followed by fractionation of the extract on silica gel has resulted in the isolation of a cytotoxic 1 along with 7-hydroxyergosterol 2 and a ceramide 3. Structures of th...

This paper reviews the processes involved in fungal attachment: initial passive attachment which is reversible (impaction, chemotaxis, entrapment, spore appendage mediated attachment); active attachment resulting from a thigmotropic response and leading to the production and release of extracellular adhesive; spore differentiation; germination with...

The ultrastructure of the ascospore and appendages of Halosphaeria salina was studied. Ascospore walls comprise a two-zoned mesosporium, the outer more electron-dense, and an electron-dense episporium enclosed by a layer of mucilaginous material. Ascospores have 3–5 subpolar appendages at each pole that appear as electron-dense striations and an am...

Collections of mangrove fungi in Macau and Hong Kong yielded 45 species, with 28 new records for Macau and 21 new records for Hong Kong. Two new species: Diaporthe salsuginosa and Aniptodera haispora are described and a key to the genus Aniptodera is included.

Ultrastructure of the ascospores of Halosphaeria appendiculata is described. Ascospores contained the normal complement of organelles associated with ascomycete cells; the most prominent being a large central spherical lipid body in each cell. Adpressed to the surface of the lipid body were flattened microbody-like structures. The role of these str...

The structure of the ascospore and ascospore appendages is described for Remispora galerita. The polar appendages comprise discrete radiating strands, which are continuous with the episporium and are embedded in a fibrillar matrix. The discrete strands are diagnostic of this species. The appendage of R. galerita is compared with other species of Re...

A total of 93 species of marine fungi were identified from three habitats: mangroves, intertidal rocky shores and sandy beaches. The highest number (55 species) were obtained from mangrove wood, while 12 species and 19 species were collected from intertidal wood and sandy beaches, respectively. The high numbers obtained from the mangroves at Beachw...

The ultrastructure of the ascus, ascospores and appendages of Nimbospora bipolaris were examined at the transmission electron microscope level. The mature ascus wall comprises a single narrow electron-opaque layer which deliquesces and lacks an apical elaboration. Ascospore walls comprise a bipartite mesosporium, a thinner electron-opaque episporiu...

Ascospore appendage ultrastructure is described for Remispora crispa, Remispora quadriremis, and Remispora stellata. The polar appendages are exuded through pores in the polar episporium and become extensions of the episporium. This form of appendage is compared with that reported for other species of Remispora and with other members of the Halosph...

Basidiomata of Nia vibrissa were examined with the scanning electron microscope. The basidiomatal wall comprises two layers, an inner layer of thin-walled, tangentially orientated cells and an outer layer of thick-walled cells from which the sterile coiled or bifurcate appendages arise. Basidiospores arise from short pedicles from the globose basid...

The attachment of spores of 15 marine fungi to Kapok fibres in a rotating vessel was investigated by determining the loss of spores from suspension with time. This loss approximated to first order, and a Mitscherlich function was fitted to the data using the nonlinear optimization routine in the genstat 5.0 package. Bivariate plots of the rate cons...

Ultrastructure of the asci, ascospores and the ascospore appendages of Chaetosphaeria chaetosa, Corollospora angusta and also of the ascospores and appendages of Corollospora colossa and Corollospora lacera is presented. Corollospora species have thin-walled, deliquescent asci which lack an apical apparatus whereas asci of Chaetosphaeria chaetosa h...

A new marine Basidomycotina Calathella mangrovei is described from mangrove wood collected at Kuala Selangor, Malaysia. The species is compared with Halocyphina villosa which also grows on dead mangrove wood. Observations on the occurrence of H. villosa are reported.

Massarina armatispora sp. nov. is described from dead intertidal mangrove wood collected in India and Hong Kong. The new taxon is compared with other M. species, and its placement in the genus Massarina is discussed

Three species are currently assigned to the genus Savoryella. All are re-examined and additional features recorded. Two new species S. appendiculata Hyde et Jones and S. longispora Jones et Hyde are described, from logs and driftwood collected from Malaysia and Brunei. The genus is assigned to the Sordariales.

A new genus is described from prop roots of Rhizophora apiculata. The fungus is characterized by erumpent pustules containing 1–4 immersed ascomata, unitunicate asci and scolecospores which appear ‘crook-like’. The genus has similarities with Prosthecium and Winterella in the Diaporthales.

Aquatic hyphomycetes have been shown to be successful colonizers of leaf material in freshwater streams (Ingold 1956, 1966, 1975, 1984; Shearer and Webster 1985a,b; Webster 1981). The initial requirements for colonization of a fresh substratum are the formation and liberation of conidia by the parent colony; these reach a peak concomitant with leaf...

The strength of attachment of conidia of eight species of freshwater Hyphomycetes (Anguillospora crassa, Articulospora tetracladia, Dimorphospora foliicola, Lemonniera aquatica, Mycentrospora filiformis, Tetracladium marchalianum, Tumularia aquatica and Varicosporium elodeae) was examined in a Fowler Radial Flow Chamber up to 24 hours after settlem...

Ascospore appendage development in three species of cleistothecial marine Ascomycotina is described and each exhibits a different mode of appendage ontogeny: Outgrowths in Amylocarpus encephaloides; fragmentation in Eiona tunicata; combination of outgrowths and fragmentation in Dryosphaera navigans. Ascospore walls differ in that in D. navigans the...

The colonization of submerged wood of Bruguiera cylindrica and Rhizophora apiculata by fungi was followed over 60 weeks in Mandai mangrove, Singapore. Seawater temperature ranged from 26—32 °C, salinity from 21—32%o and pH from 5.91 — 8.35. Thirty-two fungi, not all from the same wood species, representing 24 Ascomycotina, 7 Deuteromycotina and 1 B...

Waterlogged Wood, Mary Rose, Wood Decay, Pylodin, Non-destructive Evaluation of Decay.

A Pilodyn survey of the entire Mary Rose hull and selected timbers in storage was undertaken in order to determine the extent of microbial decay of the wood prior to active conservation. This method was adopted for its ease of use and non-destructive nature. Relatively sound timbers had needle penetration values ranging between 10 and 16mm, while m...

A Pilodyn survey of the entire Mary Rose hull and selected timbers in storage was undertaken in order to determine the extent of microbial decay of the wood prior to active conservation. This method was adopted for its ease of use and non-destructive nature. Relatively sound timbers had needle penetration values ranging between 10 and 16mm, while m...

Payosphaeria minuta Leong gen. et sp. nov. (Ascomycotina) was collected on submerged wood samples of Avicennia alba, A. lanata and Rhizophora apiculata in Mandai mangrove, Singapore; mangrove wood in Kuala Selangor and Sementa, Malaysia; and unidentified driftwood in north Sumatra. The new fungus is described and illustrated by light micrographs. I...

The ascospore appendage morphology of thirty-one lignicolous marine fungi has been studied with particular reference to their mode of attachment to surfaces. Ten different spore appendage forms are recognized and are described and illustrated with scanning electron micrographs. They include: I. Release of a drop of mucilage from polar end chambers....

The strength of attachment of ascospores of six marine Ascomycotina (Amylocarpus encephaloides, Ceriosporopsis circumvestita, Eiona lunicata, Groenhiella biveslia, Halosphaeria appendiculata. Unidentified Ascomycete “A") was investigated in a Fowler Radial Flow Chamber at various times after settlement.Strength of adhesion varied from 1.06–5.57 Nm...