www.probioticchart.ca

Full text

Clinical Guide to
PROBIOTIC PRODUCTS
AVAILABLE IN CANADA: 2017 Edition
Indications, Dosage Forms, and Clinical Evidence to Date
Author: Dragana Skokovic-Sunjic BScPhm RPh NCMP
Reviewers: Dr Vivien Brown MDCM CCFP FCFP NCMP, Dr Bradley C. Johnston PhD,
Iris Krawchenko BScPhm RPh ACPR, Dr John Marshall MD MSc FRCPC AGAF,
Dr Eamonn Quigley MD FRCP FACP MACG FRCPI, Dr Tom Smiley BScPhm PharmD
Medical Editor: Ivana Sunjic MSc
Download PROBIOTIC GUIDE mobile app for free
MULTIPLE AWARD
WINNING GUIDE

PURPOSE AND METHODS
PURPOSE:
This guide is designed to translate scientific evidence available for probiotic products to practical, clinically relevant information,
enabling clinicians to easily select the appropriate product, dose, and format for a specific indication.
Currently, the body of evidence for probiotic interventions is growing along with popular demand for these products. Our aim is to
ensure that the appropriate product/strain is selected for the desired outcome. This guide is not meant to be interpreted as a
meta-analysis or systematic review, nor is it an endorsement for companies to market health claims.
METHODS:
Published data or studies with defined clinical outcomes for probiotic strain(s) were searched, using inclusion criteria as listed in
the guide. Commercially available products containing said strain(s) were identified, and the modified levels of evidence were used
to rate the strength of the recommendation for each product. Once this information was compiled into a comprehensive chart form,
it was assessed by independent expert reviewers.
Readers are strongly encouraged to review the evidence listed for each product for themselves.
DISCLAIMER: Inf ormatio n in this gui de is not inte nded to di agnose , treat, cu re, or preve nt any disea se. This g uide is me ant to be use d as a clinic al deci sion- making to ol to assist h ealth
care prof ession als in provid ing evide nce- based re commen dation s for their p atient s. In the c ase of prob iotics, t he clinic al evide nce supp orts o nly cert ain form ulation s/bran d names o f the
probiot ics (incl uding th e genus , specie s, alph anume ric desi gnation o r strain , numbe r of live bacte ria pres ent, the bl end of pro biotic str ains pre sent and f inally, the n on-ac tive ingre dient s
presen t).Every atte mpt was ma de by the aut hor and th e reviewers to i nclude t he publi shed cli nical da ta for the ava ilable p robiotic fo rmulat ions. N o bias is inte nded towar d any specif ic
formul ation. This cha rt is reflective o f published evid ence availabl e to date. It does not re present an end orsement of any sp ecific produ ct.Work on t his guide was ca rried out inde pendently
and with out fina ncial con flict. I n order to mi nimize bia s, publi shing an d distrib ution ef forts a re coordin ated via th e Allianc e for Educ ation on Pro biotic s (AEP). We are gra teful for th e
unrest ricted pu blishin g grant th e AEP is provi ding for co ntinuou s effor ts to tran slate scie nce into clin ically a pplica ble form .
2017 Versi on, vali d until Dec . 31, 2 017. © BHSof tInc — Ple ase forw ard any que stions o r commen ts to the auth or Drag ana Skokovi c-Sunj ic (dragana@bhsoftinc.com)

AAD Antibiotic associated diarrhea - Prevention IBD-UC IBD - Ulcerative colitis – Adjunct to standard therapy
BG Reduces blood glucose in Type II Diabetes (FPG and A1C) IBS Irritable bowel syndrome
C Constipation ID Infectious diarrhea
CDAD Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea - Prevention LDL-C Reduces LDL and total cholesterol
CE /A D Childhood eczema/Atopic dermatitis NEC* Necrotizing Enterocolitis (newborn)
*as per hospital protocol, not for self-administration
CID Common infectious disease - community acquired NI Nosocomial infections prevention - hospital acquired
FAP Functional abdominal pain OH Oral health (reduction of tonsillitis, laryngitis,
and dental cavities)
HP Helicobacter pylori - Adjunct to standard eradication therapy Regurg/
GI Mot
Reduces regurgitation/Improves gastrointestinal motility
IBD-P Inflammatory bowel disease - Pouchitis TD Traveller’s diarrhea - Prevention
CFU = Colony forming units (number of viable bacteria), M = million, B = billion
ACRONYMS

ALL 3 MUST BE SATISFIED:
1. Commercially available in Canada as a supplement
or probiotic-containing food
2. GRAS - Generally Recognized as Safe status (FDA)
and/or NPN – Natural Product Number (Health Canada)
for probiotic strain(s) used in the products
3. Favourable published clinical evidence for the particular
strain(s) present in each product/food
NOTE:
• For products containing multiple strains, evidence must
be for the specified combination and not for the separate
probiotic strains
• Some products are excluded from the current edition due
to changes in strains used
• Please refer to individual publications for specifics of
patient populations studied and details of clinical effect
(age and gender)
LEVELI: Evidence obtained from at least one properly designed randomized trial. (HIGHEST LEVEL)
LEVEL II: Evidence obtained from well-designed controlled trials without randomization/Evidence obtained from
well-designed cohort or case-control analytic studies, preferably from more than one centre or research group/Evidence
obtained from multiple time series with or without the intervention. Dramatic results in uncontrolled trials might also be
regarded as this type of evidence.
LEVELIII: Opinions of respected authorities, based on clinical experience, descriptive studies, or reports of expert committees.
INCLUSION CRITERIA AND LEVELS OF EVIDENCE

INDICATIONS FOR ADULT HEALTH
T
- Produc t requir es refrig eration
Brand Name Probiotic Strain(s) Dosage Form CFU/dose
No. of do ses/
day
ID AAD CDAD TD CIBS IBD-UC IBD-P HP OH LDL-C CID
Align ® B. longu m infantis 35 624 Capsule 1B/capsule 1 capsule I1-4
Bio-K+® CL12 85 T
L. acidophilus CL 1285
L. casei LBC80R
L. rhamnosusCLR2
Regular Capsule
Strong Capsule
“Travel Protecti on”
Extra Strength
Ferm. milk l q.
Ferm. rice l q.
Ferm. soy lq .
12.5B/capsule
25B/capsule
30B/capsule
50B/capsule
50B/tub
50B/tub
50B/tub
1-2 capsules
1-2 capsules
1-2 capsules
1-2 capsules
1/2-1 tub
1/2-1 tub
1/2-1 tub
I5-7 I6-9
BioGaia® chew tabs L. reuteri DSM 17938 Chewable tablet 100M/tab. 1 tab. II10 II11 I16 I12-15
BioGaia® drops L. reuteri DSM 17938 Drop 100M/5 drops 5 drops II10 II11 I16 I12-15
CulturedCare™
ProbioticGum Streptococ cus salivarius K12 Lozenge 0.5B/lozenge 2-10 lozenges II44,45
Culturelle® L. rhamnosus GG Capsule 10B/capsule 1 capsule I20 I21
Digestive Care™
Daily Probiotic L. plantar um 299v Capsule 10B/capsule 1-2 capsules III22 III23 I24-26
Digestive Care™
Travel Probiotic L. rhamnosus GG Capsule 10B/capsule 1 capsule I20 I21
Florastor® Saccharomyces boulardii lyo
CNC M I-745 Capsule
Sachet
5B/capsule
5B/sachet
1-2 capsules
1-2 s achet s I27,28 I8,9,28,29 I30-32 III33 I34-3 6
HMF by Gen estra™
L. acidophilus CUL60
L. acidophilus CUL21
B. bifidum CUL20
B. lactis CUL34
Capsule
Forte Capsule
Intensive Capsule
Super Powder
2.5B/capsule
10B/capsule
25B/capsule
10B/1 scoop
(1gram)
1-2 capsules
1-2 scoops II37 II38
IbSium® Saccharomyces cerevisiae I-3856 Capsule 40B/capsule 1 capsule I39
Microbiome Plus+ L. reuteri NCIMB 30242 Capsule 2B/capsule 2 capsules I17-19

T
- Produc t requir es refrig eration
INDICATIONS FOR ADULT HEALTH
Brand Name Probiotic Strain(s) Dosage Form CFU/dose
No. of do ses/
day
ID AAD CDAD TD CIBS IBD-UC IBD-P HP OH LDL-C CID
Mutaflor® TEscherich ia coli Nissle 1917 Capsule 2.5-25B/capsule 1-2 capsules I40-43
PerioBalance™ L reuteri ATCC 557 30 100 M
L reuteri ATCC PTA 5289 10 0 M Lozenge 200M/lozenge 2 lozenges II46,47
Proxiflor ® L. rhamnosus R0011
L.helveticus R0052 Capsule 4B/capsule 1-3 capsules III48
TuZen® L. plantar um 299v Capsule 10B/capsule 1-2 capsules III22 III23 I24-26
Ultra Probiotic
Complex by GNC
L. acidophilus CUL60
L. acidophilus CUL21
B. bifidum CUL20
B. lactis CUL34
Packet
Capsule
25B/packet
25B, 50B,
75B/capsule
1-2 pa ckets
1-2 capsules II37 II38
UltraFlora Intensive Care L. planta rum 299v Capsule 10B/capsule 2 capsules III22 III23 I24-26
UltraFlora™
Cold Support
L plantaru m HEAL9 0,5 B
L. paraca sei 8700:2 0,5 B Capsule 1B/capsule 1 capsule I49,50
Visbiome™ T
L. acidophilus SD5212
L. casei SD5218
L. bulgar icus SD5210
L. plantar um SD5209
B longum SD52 19
B. infan tis SD5220
B. breve SD5206
S. thermophilus SD5207
Sachet 450B/sachet 1-2 sa chet s II51 I52-54 I53,55-57
VSL#3® T
L. acidophilus SD5212
L. casei SD5218
L. bulgar icus SD5210
L. plantar um SD5209
B longum SD52 19
B. infan tis SD5220
B. breve SD5206
S. thermophilus SD5207
Sachet 450B/sachet 1-4 sachet s II51 I52-54 I53,55-57

INDICATIONS FOR PEDIATRIC HEALTH
Brand Name Probiotic Strain(s) Dosage
Form CFU/dose
No. doses/
day
Regurg/
GI Mot NEC*
(newbo rn) Colic ID AAD CDAD IBD-
UC HP CIBS FAP CID NI CE/
AD OH
BioGaia®
chew tabs L. reuteri
DSM 17938 Chewable
tablet 100M/tab 1 tab I
58-60
I
62-65
I
66-70
I
71
I
72,73
I
74,75
I
74,75
I
76,77
II
78
BioGaia®
drops L. reuteri
DSM 17938 Drop 100M/
5 drops 5 drops I
58-60
I
61
I
62-65
I
66-70
I
71
I
72,73
I
74,75
I
74,75
I
76,77
II
78
CulturedCare™
ProbioticGum Streptococ cus salivarius
K12 Lozenge 1B/ lozenge 1-5 lozenges II
44,45
Culturelle® Kids L. rhamnosus
GG Powder 5B/packet 2-4 pack ets I
79-84
I
85,86
I
87,88
I
87,88
I
89
I
90-96
Digestive Care™
Kids Daily
Probiotics
L. rhamnosus
GG Powder 5B/packet 1-2 p acke ts I
79-84
I
85,86
I
87,88
I
87,88
I
89
I
90-96
Florastor® Kids Saccharomyces boulardii lyo
CNC M I-745
Capsule
Sachet
5B/capsule
5B/sachet
1-2 capsules
1-2 s achet s I
98-100
I
101
III
102
II
35
HMF Fit fo r
School™
[50 mg vita min C]
L. acidophilus
CUL21
L. acidophilus
CUL60
B. lactis
CUL34
B. bifidum
CUL20
Tablet 12.5B/tablet 1 tablet I
103
Junior Daily
Probiotics
B. lactis
UABLA-12
4.2B
L. acidophilus
DDS®-1
0.8B Powder 5B/gram 2 grams II
104
I
105
Probiotic
Baby B. lac tis
BB-12 Drop 1B/6 drops 6 drops I
107
I
106
Proxiflor® L. rhamnosus
R0011
L.helveticus
R0052 Capsule 4B/capsule 1 capsule II
108
* as per hos pital pro tocol, no t for self-ad minist ration

INDICATIONS FOR PEDIATRIC HEALTH
Brand Name Probiotic Strain(s) Dosage
Form CFU/dose
No. doses/
day
Regurg/
GI Mot NEC*
(newbo rn) Colic ID AAD CDAD IBD-
UC HP CIBS FAP CID NI CE/
AD OH
Ultimate
FLOR A™ T
(formerly
FloraBABY)
B. breve HA-12 9 1.2B
L. rhamnosus HA-111 1B
B. bifidum HA-132 0.8B
B. infan tis HA-116 0.6B
B. longu m HA-135 0.4B
Powder 4B/scoop 1 scoop II
97
UltraFlora™
Baby
L. rhamnosus
GG
B. lactis
BB-12 Drop 1B/6 drops 6 drops II
109
UltraFlora™
Children’s
L acidophilus
NCFM®
2.5B
B. anima lis subsp
lactis
Bi-07
2.5B
Chewa ble
tablet
5B/
chewa ble
tablet
1-2 ch ew
tablets I
110
Visbiome™ T
L. acidophilus
SD5212
L. casei
SD5218
L. bulgar icus
SD5210
L. plantar um
SD5209
B longum
SD5219
B. infan tis
SD5220
B. breve
SD5206
S. thermophilus
SD5207
Sachet 450B/
sachet 1-2 sach ets I
111
I
112,113
I
114
VSL#3® T
L. acidophilus
SD5212
L. casei
SD5218
L. bulgar icus
SD5210
L. plantar um
SD5209
B longum
SD5219
B. infan tis
SD5220
B. breve
SD5206
S. thermophilus
SD5207
Sachet 450B/
sachet 1-2 sache ts I
111
I
112,113
I
114
T
- Produc t requir es refrig eration * as per hos pital pro tocol, no t for self-ad minist ration

INDICATIONS FOR VAGINAL HEALTH
Brand Name Probiotic Strain(s) Dosage Form CFU per dose
No. of do ses/day
Vulvovaginal candidiasis Bacterial vaginosis
Fem-Dophilus® L. rhamnosus
GR-1 2.5B
L. reuteri
RC-14 2.5B
Oral
capsule 5B/capsule 1 capsule I115,116 I117-119
ProB™
(RePhresh ProB)
L. rhamnosus
GR-1 2.5B
L. reuteri
RC-14 2.5B
Oral
capsule 5B/capsule 1 capsule I115,116 I117-119
Probaclac BV®
L. acidophilus A-212
0.4B
L. rhamnosus A-119
6.8B
S. thermophilus A-336
0.8B
Vaginal
capsule 8B/capsule 1-2 capsules II120
Provacare™ L. rhamnosus
Lcr35
Vaginal
capsule 3.41B/capsule 2 capsules I121 I122-124
Purfem™ L. rhamnosus
PBO1 1B
L. gasse ri
EN-15347 1 (EB01) 1B
Vaginal
ovule 2B/ovule 1 ovule I125,126
UltraFlora™ Women’s L. reuteri
RC- 1 4 1 B
L. rhamnosus
GR-1 1B
Oral
capsule 2B/capsule 2 capsules I127 I128,129

T
- Produc t requir es refrig eration
FUNCTIONAL FOODS WITH ADDED PROBIOTICS
Brand Name Probiotic Strain(s)
CFU/dose No. of doses / day
Children Adults
ID HP AAD CID AAD IBS HP CBG CID
Activia® TB. (animalis) lac tis
CNCM I-2494 1B/serving 1-3 servings I
130,131
I
132
DanActive® TL. casei sp. P aracasei
CNCM I-1518 10B/serving 1-2 servings II
133-135
I
136
I
137,139,140
I
138
I
141-148
iOGO Pro bio™ TB. lactis
BB-12
L. acidophilus
LA-5 1B/100g 1-3 servings I
150-153
I
154,155
II
156
Nestlé®
Gerber®
Baby Cereals
B. lactis
BB-12 DSM 1014 0 1B/serving 1 serving I
106,149
I
106,149
Nestlé® Good Start®
Probiotic Infant
Formula
B. lactis
BB-12 DSM 1014 0 130M/100mL
serving
Routine fee ding if an
alternativ e to breast
milk is require d
I
107
Nestlé® Good Start®
Toddler Transition
Formula
B. lactis
BB-12 DSM 1014 0 1B/200mL serving 1 serving I
106,149
I
106,149
Yoptimal® TB. lactis
BB-12
L. acidophilus
LA-5 1B/100g 1-3 servings I
150-153
I
154,155
II
156

1. Bre nner, DM, and WD Ch ey. “Bifidoba cterium Infant is 35624: A Novel Prob iotic for the Treatment o f IBS.”Reviews in
Gastroe nterological D isorders9.1 (20 09): 7-15.
2. Quigley, EM, PJ Whor well, L. Altring er, J. Morel, L. O ’Mahony, and F. Shan ahan. “Prob iotic Use Results i n Normalizatio n of
Bowel Movem ent Frequency i n IBS. Results f rom a Clinical Trial wi th the Novel Probiot ic Bifidobac terium Infantis 3 5624.”
America n Journal of Gas troenterology 1 00.S9 (200 5): S326.
3. Whorwell, P., L. A ltringer, J. More l, Y. Bond, D. Charb onneau, L. O’ Mahony, B. Kie ly, F. Shanahan, and E M Quigley. “Effi cacy
of an Encap sulated Probioti c Bifidobacte rium Infantis 3 5624 in Women with Irr itable Bowel Synd rome.” Americ an Journal
of Gastroe nterology 101 (2 006): 1581 -590.
4. O’Mah ony, L., J. Mccar thy, P. Kelly, G. Hurley, F. Luo, K. Ch en, G. C. O’ Sullivan, B. K iely, J. K. Collin s, F. Shanahan, a nd
E. M. Qui gley. “Lactoba cillus and Bifi dobacterium i n Irritable Bowe l Syndrome: Symptom R esponses and Re lationship
to Cytokin e Profiles.” Gas troenterology 1 28.3 (2005 ): 541-51.
5. Beau soleil, M., N . Fortier, S. Gue nette, A. L’Ecuyer, M. S avoie, M. Franco, J . Lachaine, a nd K. Weiss. “Ef fect of a Fermen ted
Milk Comb ining Lactoba cillus Acidop hilus CL1285 An d Lactobacill us Caseiin the Pr evention of Antibiot ic-Associated
Diarrhe a: A Randomized , Double-B lind, Placeb o-Controll ed Trial.” Canad ian Journal of G astroenterol ogy 21.11 (20 07): 732-36.
6. Gao, X. W. , M. Mubasher, C . Y. Fang, C. Reifer, and L . E. Miller. “Dos e-Respons e Efficacy of a Pro prietary Prob iotic Formula
of Lactob acillus Acidop hilus CL1285 an d Lactobacill us Casei LBC8 0R for Antibioti c-Associated Di arrhea and Clos tridium
Diffic ile-Associat ed Diarrhea Pro phylaxis in Adult P atients.” Ame rican Journa l of Gastroentero logy 105.7 (20 10): 1636- 641.
7. Sampal is, J., E. Psa radellis, and E . Rampakakis . “Efficac y of BIO K+ CL1285®in th e Reduction of An tibiotic-Assoc iated
Diarrhe a – a Placebo Contro lled Double- Blind Rando mized, Multi- Center Study.”Arch ives of Medical Sc ience: AMS6.1
(2010) : 56–64 .
8. John ston, B. C., S . S.y. Ma, J. Z. Gol denberg, K . Thorlund, P. O. Vandv ik, M. Loeb, and G . H. Guyatt. “ Probiotics for t he
Prevention o f Clostridium Di fficile -Asso ciated Diarrhe a: A Systematic Review a nd Meta-ana lysis.” Annals of I nternal
Medicin e 157.12 (2012): 878
9. Johns on, S., P.J Mazia de, L. V. McFarland , W. Trick, C. Donskey, B . Currie, D. E. Low, an d E. J.C Goldste in. “Is Prima ry
Prevention o f Clostridium Di fficile Infec tion Possible wi th Specific Prob iotics?”Inter national Jour nal of Infectio us
Disease s6.11 (2012): E78 6-792.
10. Aiello, R. A ., M. Ali, M. C hiarenza, G. C arillio, G. Sc andurra, an d M. Caruso. “ Efficacy and S afety of Lactob acillus Reuter i
ATCC 55730 in Preven ting Acute Chemot herapy Induce d Diarrhoea in Co lon Cancer Pati ents Treated with DeG ramont
or Folfox Sch edule.”Anna ls of Oncology. S9 ed . Vol. 19. (2008).
11. Cimperman, L ., G. Bayless , K. Best, A. Di ligente, B. Mo rdarski, M. Os ter, M. Smith, F. Vatakis , D. Wiese, A. Ste iber, and
J. Katz. “A Ran domized, Doub le-blind, Pl acebo-contr olled Pilot Study o f Lactobacill us Reuteri ATCC 55730 for t he
Prevention o f Antibiotic-asso ciated Diarrh ea in Hospitalize d Adults.”Jour nal of Clinical G astroenterolo gy45.9 (2011) :
785-89.
12. Ainor a, M.e., E.c . Nista, G. Vi tale, V. Ojetti, V. Cesa rio, G. Gigant e, L. Sparano, M .l. Novi, D. Roc carina, G. C ammarota,
G. Gasba rrini, and A. G asbarrini. “ Pa.29 Imp act Of L. Reuter ii Supplemen tation On Anti-H . Pylori Seco nd Line Therapy-
Related. ”Digestive and Live r Disease40 (20 08)
13. Franc avilla, R., E. L ionetti, S. P. Cas tellaneta, A . M. Magista , G. Maurogiovan ni, N. Bucci, A . De Canio, F. Ind rio, L. Cavallo ,
E. Ierar di, and V. L. Miniel lo. “Inhibiti on of Helicobac ter Pylori Infe ction in Human s by Lactobacill us Reuteri ATCC 55730
and Effec t on Eradicatio n Therapy: A Pilot S tudy.”Helicobac ter13.2 (200 8): 127-34.
14. Imase, K ., A. Tanaka, K. Toku naga, H. Sug ano, H. Ishida , and S. Takahashi . “Lactobaci llus Reuteri Tablet s Suppress
Helicob acter Pylori I nfection--a D ouble-blin d Randomised P lacebo-cont rolled Cross-ove r Clinical Stud y.”Journal of the
Japane se Association f or Infectious D iseases81.4 ( 2007): 387-93.
15. Saggi oro, A., M. Ca roli, M. Pasin i, F. Bortoluzzi, L . Girardi, and G . Pilone. “H elicobacter P ylori Eradicat ion with Lactoba cillus
Reuteri: A D ouble Blind Pla cebo-contro lled Study.” Dig Live r Dis 37.Suppl 1 (20 05): S88.
16. Ojetti, V., G . Ianiro, A. Torto ra, G. D’Angelo , T. A. Di Rienzo, S. Bi bbo, A. Migne co, and A. Gasb arrini. “The Ef fect of
Lactoba cillus Reuteri S upplementa tion in Adults with Ch ronic Function al Constipati on: A Randomized , Double-Bl ind,
Placebo -Controlle d Trial.”Journal of Gastr ointestinal and L iver Diseases 2 3.4 (2014): 387-91 .
17. Jones, M . L., C. J. Ma rtoni, and S. P rakash. “Cho lesterol Lowerin g and Inhibition o f Sterol Absorptio n by Lactobacil lus
Reuteri NC IMB 30242: A Ran domized Controll ed Trial.”Europe an Journal of Cli nical Nutritio n 66.11 (2012): 1 234-241.
18. Jone s, M. L., C. M artoni, M. Par ent, and S. Prak ash. “Choles terol-lowerin g Efficacy of a Mic roencapsul ated Bile Salt
Hydrolase -active Lacto bacillus Reute ri NCIMB 30242 Yoghu rt Formulatio n in Hyperchole sterolaemic Ad ults.” British
Journa l of Nutrition 107.10 (20 12): 1505-51 3.
19. Jones , M. L., C. Tomaro -Duchesne au, C. J. Mar toni, and S. Pra kash. “Chole sterol Lowering with B ile Salt Hydrola se-active
Probiotic B acteria, Me chanism of Actio n, Clinical Evid ence, and Future D irection for He art Health App lications.” E xpert
Opinion o n Biological T herapy 13.5 (2 013): 631-42 .
20. Kale-P radhan, P. B., H . K. Jassal, an d S. M. Wilhel m. “Role of Lac tobacillus in th e Prevention of Antib iotic-Associate d
Diarrhea: A Meta-analysis.” Pharmacotherapy 30.2 (2010): 119-26.
21. Armuz zi, A., F. Cremoni ni, F. Bartolozzi, F. Ca nducci, M. C andelli, V. Ojetti , G. Cammarot a, M. Anti, A. D e Lorenzo,
P. Pola, G. Ga sbarrini, an d A. Gasbarrin i. “The Effec t of Oral Adminis tration of Lactob acillus GG on Ant ibiotic-associ ated
Gastrointestinal Side-effects during Helicobacter Pylori Eradication Therapy.” Alimentary Pharmacology and
Therape utics 15.2 ( 2001): 163- 69.
22. Lon nermark, E. , V. Friman, G. Lapp as, T. Sandberg , A. Berggren , and I. Adlerbe rth. “Inta ke of Lactobacill us Plantarum
Reduces C ertain Gastr ointestinal Sympt oms During Treatmen t With Antibiotic s.” Journal of Cl inical Gastro enterology
44.2 (2 010): 106-12 .
23. Kla rin, B., M. Wu llt, I. Palmqui st, G. Molin, A . Larsson, a nd B. Jeppsso n. “Lactoba cillus Planta rum 299v Redu ces
Colonis ation of Clostrid ium Difficil e in Critically Ill P atients Treated with An tibiotics.” Act a Anaesthesi ologica
Scandi navica 52.8 (20 08): 1096 -102.
24. Niedzi elin, K., H. Ko rdecki, and B . Birkenfeld. “A Con trolled, Doub le-blind, Ra ndomized Study o n the Efficacy
of Lactob acillus Planta rum 299V in Patie nts with Irritab le Bowel Syndrome .” European Jour nal of Gastroen terology
and Hepa tology 13.10 (20 01): 1143-147.
25. Nob aek, S., M. L . Johansson , G. Molin, S . Ahrne, and B. J eppsson. “Altera tion of Intestina l Microflora Is A ssociated
with Reduc tion in Abdomin al Bloating an d Pain in Patients wi th Irritable Bowe l Syndrome.” The A merican Jour nal
of Gastroe nterology 95. 5 (2000): 123 1-238.
26. Ducro tte, P., P. D. Sawant, and V. Jayan thi. “Clinica l Trial: Lactobaci llus Plantarum 2 99v (DSM 98 43) Improves Sympto ms
of Irritab le Bowel Syndrome .” World Journal of G astroenterol ogy 18.30 (2 012): 4012-01 8.
27. Can, M ., B. A. Besir bellioglu, I . Y. Avci, C. M. Beker, and A . Pahsa. “Pr ophylactic Sac charomyces Boul ardii in the Prevent ion
of Antibiot ic-associated Di arrhea: A Prosp ective Study.” Medi cal Science Mo nitor 12.4 (200 6): PI19-22 .
28. Sur awicz, C. M., L . V. Mcfarland, R . N. Greenbe rg, M. Rubin, R . Fekety, M. E. Mu lligan, R. J. G arcia, S. Bran dmarker,
K. Bowen , D. Borjal, and G . W. Elmer. “The Sear ch for a Better Treatme nt for Recurrent Clostridium Di fficileDis ease: Use
of Highâ Do se Vancomycin Combi ned WithSacch aromyces Boula rdii.” Clinica l Infectious Di seases 31.4 (2 000): 1012-0 17.
29. Mcf arland, L. V., C . M. Surawicz, R . N. Greenber g, R. Fekety, G. W. Elm er, K. A. Moyer, S. A . Melcher, K. E. B owen, J. L.
Cox, Z. No orani, G. Har rington, M. Rub in, and D. Green wald. “A Randomized P lacebo-con trolled Trial of Sacc haromyces
Boulard ii in Combinatio n with Standard An tibiotics for Clo stridium Diff icile Disease .” JAMA: The Jou rnal of the Americ an
Medical Association 271.24 (1994): 1913-918.
30. Kollarit sch, H., P. Kremsn er, G. Wiederma nn, and O. Schne ider. “Preventio n of traveller’s diar rhea: compari son of differen t
non-ant ibiotic prepara tions.” Travel Med Int 1 1 (1989): 9-1 7.
31. Kollar itsch, H., H . Holst, P. Grobara , and G. Wieder mann. “Prop hylaxis of traveller ’s diarrhoea wit h Saccharomyces
boulard ii.” Fortschr M ed 111 (1993 ): 152-156. (Ar ticle in German)
32. Mc Farland, L. V. “Me ta-analysis of p robiotics for the p revention of travele r’s diarrhea. ” Travel medicine and in fectious
disease 5 .2 (2007): 97-10 5.
33. Gu slandi, M., G . Mezzi, M. Sor ghi, and P.A. Teston i. “Saccharo myces boulardii in m aintenance tre atment of Crohn’s
disease .” Digestive disea ses and science s 45.7 (2000): 14 62-1464.
34. Song, M . J., D.I Park , J.H. Park, H .J. Kim, Y.K . Cho, C.I. S ohn, W.K. Je on, and B.I. K im. “The Effe ct of Probiotics a nd
Mucoprote ctive Agents on P PI-Base d Triple Therapy for Er adication of H elicobacter py lori.” Helico bacter 15. 3 (2010): 206 -213.
35. Szaj ewska, H., A. H orvath, and A . Piwowarczyk . “Meta-anal ysis: the effec ts of Saccharomyc es boulardii sup plementatio n
on Helico bacter pylori er adication rates a nd side effect s during treatme nt.” Alimenta ry pharmacol ogy & therapeut ics
32.9 (201 0): 1069-1079 .
36. Cind oruk, M., G. E rkan,T. Karakan, A . Dursun, and S . Unal. “Eff icacy and Safe ty of Saccharomyc es boulardii in th e
14-day Tripl e Anti-Helico bacter pylori Th erapy: A Prospec tive Randomized P lacebo-Co ntrolled Doubl e-Blind Stud y.”
Helicob acter 12.4 (20 07): 309-31 6.
37. Plumme r, S., M.A. Weave r, J.C. Harris ,P. Dee, and J. Hun ter. “Clostridium d ifficile pilo t study: effec ts of probiotic
supplem entation on the in cidence of C. di fficile diar rhoea.” Intern ational Microb iology 7.1 (2010): 59 -62.
38. Wil liams, E. A. , J. Stimpson, D. Wa ng, S. Plumme r, I. Garaiova, M. E. Barker, and B .M. Corfe. “ Clinical trial : a multistrain
probiotic p reparation sig nificantly red uces symptoms of ir ritable bowel sy ndrome in a doubl e-blind plac ebo-control led
study.” Alim entary phar macology & thera peutics 29.1 (2 009): 97-103.
REFERENCES

39. de Cha mbrun, G. P, C. Ne ut, A. Chau, M . Cazaubiel , F. Pelerin, P. Justen , and P. Desreumaux , P. “A rand omized clinical t rial
of Saccha romyces cerevisiae ve rsus placebo i n the irritable bo wel syndrome.” Di gestive and Liver D isease 47.2 (2015):
119-124 .
40. Floch, Mar tin H. “Probiot ic therapy for ulce rative colitis.” J ournal of clinic al gastroentero logy 44.4 (20 10): 237-238.
41. Henker, J., S . Müller, M.W Laas s, A. Schrein er, and J. Schulze. “ Probiotic Esc herichia coli N issle 1917 (EcN) f or successful
remissio n maintenance of u lcerative colitis i n children and ad olescents: an o pen-label p ilot study.” Zeitsch rift fuer
Gastroe nterologie 46 .09 (2008): 874-8 75.
42. Kruis , W., E. Schütz, P. Fric , B. Fixa, G. Jud maier, and M. Stolte . “Double- blind compari son of an oral Esch erichia coli
preparat ion and mesalaz ine in maintain ing remission of u lcerative colitis .” Alimentary p harmacolog y & therapeutic s 11.5
(1997): 853-858.
43. Kruis , W., P. Frič, J. Pokrotniek s, M. Lukáš, B . Fixa, M. Kaš čák, M.A. Ka mm, J. Weismue ller, C. Begling er, M. Stolte, and C .
Wolff. “Ma intaining rem ission of ulcerat ive colitis with the pro biotic Escheri chia coli Nissl e 1917 is as effec tive as with
standa rd mesalazine.” G ut 53.11 (200 4): 1617-1623.
44. Burton, J . P., C. N. Chilcot t, C. J. Moore, G . Speiser, and J . R. Tagg.. “A prelimina ry study of the ef fect of probioti c
Streptococ cus salivarius K 12 on oral malo dour paramete rs.” Journal of a pplied microb iology 100.4 ( 2006): 754-764 .
45. Di Pierr o, F, G. Donato, F. Fomia, T. Ada mi, D. Careddu , C. Cassan dro, and R. Albe ra. “Prelimi nary pediatri c clinical
evaluatio n of the oral probiot ic Streptococcus s alivarius K12 i n preventing recur rent pharyng itis and/or tonsilli tis caused
by Streptococ cus pyogenes and r ecurrent acute oti tis media.” Inte rnational jour nal of general m edicine 5 (2012): 9 91.
46. Vivekana nda, M. R., K . L. Vandana, a nd K. G. Bhat. “ Effect of the p robiotic Lactob acilli reuteri (P rodentis) in the
manage ment of periodo ntal disease: a pr eliminary ra ndomized clinic al trial.” Jour nal of Oral Micro biology 2 (2010).
47. Twetman, S., B . Derawi, M. Kelle r, K. Ekstrand, T. Yucel -Lindberg , and C. Stecksé n-Blicksl . “Short-term ef fect of chewing
gums cont aining probioti c Lactobacill us reuteri on the leve ls of inflammato ry mediators in g ingival crevicul ar fluid.” Acta
Odontolo gica Scandin avica 67.1 (2009): 19 -24.
48. Benes , K., A. Kretk , and Thomas A . Tompkins. “A probioti c combination fo r IBS. A pilot clin ical study.” Nutr aFoods 5.1
(2006): 20-27.
49. Berggre n, A., I. L. A hrén, N. Lars son, and G. Ön ning. “Rand omised, doub le-blind and p lacebo-con trolled study us ing new
probiotic l actobacilli fo r strengthenin g the body immun e defence again st viral infecti ons.” Europea n journal of nutri tion
50.3 (20 11): 203-210.
50. Regina, B ., G. Joerg , and D. Steffi. “ Randomized, D ouble Blind an d Placebo Contro lled Study Using a C ombination of Two
Probiotic L actobacilli to A lleviate Symptoms an d Frequency of Co mmon Cold.” Foo d and Nutrition S ciences 2013 (201 3).
51. Parkes , G. C., D. Chato or, and A. Emman uel. “The prob iotic VSL# 3 increa ses scbm and redu ces symptom severi ty scores
in patient s with function al constipation .” Gut 60.Su ppl 1 (2011): A163 -A163
52. Soo d, A., V. Midha, G .K. Makh aria, V. Ahuja, D. Si ngal, P. Goswami, a nd R.K. Tandon . “The probioti c preparation , VSL# 3
induces re mission in patie nts with mild-to -moderately a ctive ulcerative col itis.” Clinica l Gastroentero logy and Hepato logy
7.11 (2009): 1202-1209.
53. Tursi, A., G. B randimarte, G .M. Giorgett i, G. Forti, M. E. Modeo, and A . Gigliobianco . “Low-dose balsa lazide plus
a high-p otency probiotic pre paration is more ef fective than bals alazide alone or m esalazine in the tre atment of
acute mild -to-moderate ulc erative colitis.” Me dical Science M onitor 10.11 (200 4): PI126-PI1 31.
54. Tursi , A., G. Brandi marte, A. Papa , A. Giglio, W. Elise i, G.M. Giorg etti, G. Forti, S . Morini, C. Ha ssan, M.A. P istoia,
and M.E . Modeo. “Treatme nt of Relapsing Mil d-to-Moderate U lcerative Colitis W ith the Probiotic VSL# 3 as
Adjuncti ve to a Standard Pharm aceutical Treatment : A Double-Bli nd, Randomized , Placebo-Con trolled Study.”
The Ameri can Journal of Ga stroenterology 1 05.10 (2010): 22 18-2227.
55. Gionchetti , P., F. Rizzello, A. Venturi , P. Brig idi, D. Matteuzzi, G . Bazzocchi, G. P oggioli, M. Mig lioli, and M.
Campie ri.”Oral bacter iotherapy as mainte nance treatment i n patients with chron ic pouchitis: a dou ble-blind,
placebo-controlled trial.” Gastroenterology 119.2 (2000): 305-309.
56. Gionchetti, P., F. Riz zello, U. Helwig, A . Venturi, K. M. La mmers, P. Brigidi , B. Vitali, G. Po ggioli, M. Migli oli, and
M. Camp ieri. “Prophyla xis of pouchitis ons et with probiotic the rapy: a double-b lind, placebo -controlled tria l.”
Gastroenterology 124.5 (2003): 1202-1209.
57. Mim ura, T., F. Rizzello, U. He lwig, G. Poggiol i, S. Schreiber, I. C . Talbot, R. J. Nich olls, P. Gionchetti , M. Campieri,
and M. A . Kamm. “Once dai ly high dose probioti c therapy (VSL# 3) fo r maintaining rem ission in recurre nt or
refracto ry pouchitis.” G ut 53.1 (2004): 1 08-114.
58. Indrio, F., G. Ri ezzo, F. Raimondi, M. B isceglia, L. C avallo, and R. Franc avilla. “The ef fects of probioti cs on
feeding to lerance, bowel ha bits, and gastro intestinal motilit y in preterm newbor ns.” The Journal o f pediatrics
152.6 (2008): 801-806.
59. Indrio, F., G. Riez zo, F. Raimondi, M. Bi sceglia, A. Fil annino, L. Caval lo, and R. Francavi lla. “Lactoba cillus reuteri
accelera tes gastric empty ing and improves regu rgitation in infan ts.” European jo urnal of clinical i nvestigation
41.4 (201 1): 417-422.
60. Garofoli , F., E. Civardi, F. Indri o, I. Mazzucchel li, M. Angelini , C. Tinelli, and M . Stronati. “The e arly administra tion
of Lactob acillus reuteri DS M 17938 controls reg urgitation episo des in full-term bre astfed infant s.” Internationa l
journal o f food sciences and n utrition 65.5 (2 014): 646-64 8.
61. Hu nter, C., M.V.T Dimaguila, P. Ga l, J.E. Wimme r, J.L . Ransom, R.Q . Carlos, M. Sm ith, and C.C. Dav anzo. “Effect
of routine p robiotic, Lacto bacillus reuteri DS M 17938, use on rate s of necrotizing enter ocolitis in neonate s with
birthwei ght< 1000 grams: a s equential anal ysis.” BMC pedia trics 12.1 (2012): 1 .
62. Savi no, F., E. Pelle, E. P alumeri, R. Ogg ero, and R. Minie ro. “Lactobac illus reuteri (Amer ican Type Culture
Collect ion Strain 55730) ver sus simethicone in t he treatment of infa ntile colic: a prosp ective randomized
study.” Pedi atrics 119.1 (20 07): e124-e130.
63. Savi no, F., L. Cordisco, V. Tarasc o, E. Palumeri, R . Calabrese, R . Oggero, S. Roos , and D. Matteuzzi.
“Lacto bacillus reuteri D SM 17938 in infanti le colic: a randomiz ed, double-bl ind, placebo- controlled trial .”
Pediatri cs 126.3 (2010): e 526-e533.
64. Sung, V., H . Hiscock, M. L.K. Tang, F.K. M ensah, M.L . Nation, C. Satz ke, R.G. Heine , A. Stock, R.G. B arr,
and M. Wake. “ Treating infant coli c with the probiotic La ctobacillus reu teri: double blind , placebo control led
randomi sed trial.” BMJ 34 8 (2014): g2107.
65. Cha u, K., E. Lau, S . Greenberg, S . Jacobson, P. Yazdani- Brojeni, N. Verm a, and G. Koren. “ Probiotics for inf antile
colic: a ran domized, doubl e-blind, plac ebo-controlle d trial investigatin g Lactobacillu s reuteri DSM 17938 .”
The Jour nal of pediatrics 1 66.1 (2015): 74-78.
66. Eom, T.H ., E.Y. Oh, Y.H. Kim, H. S. Lee, P.S. Jan g, D.U. Kim, J.T. Kim, an d B.C. Lee.”Th e therapeutic ef fect of
Lactoba cillus reuteri in ac ute diarrhea in inf ants and toddler s.” Korean Journa l of Pediatrics 48 .9 (2005):
986-990.
67. Sho rnikova, A.V., I.A . Casas, E. Is olauri, H. Mykk änen, and T. Vesikari . “Lactobacil lus reuteri as a ther apeutic agent
in acute dia rrhea in young chil dren.” Journa l of pediatric gastr oenterology and n utrition 24.4 (1 997): 399-4 04.
68. Agus tina, R, F.J. Kok, O . van de Rest, U. Fahmi da, A. Firmans yah, W. Lukito, E.J .M Feskens, E.G .H.M van den
Heuvel, R . Albers, and I .M.J. Bovee -Oudenhoven . “Randomized tri al of probiotics and c alcium on diarrh ea and
respirato ry tract infecti ons in Indonesia n children.” Ped iatrics 129.5 (2 012): e1155-e11 64.
69. Franc avilla, R., E. Li onetti, S. Cas tellaneta, F. Ciruzz i, F. Indrio, A. Masc iale, C. Fontan a, M. M. La Rosa, L . Cavallo,
and A. Fra ncavilla. “Ran domised clinic al trial: Lactoba cillus reuteri DSM 1 7938 vs. placebo i n children with
acute diar rhoea-a double -blind study.” Ali mentary pharm acology & therap eutics 36.4 (201 2): 363-369.
70. Dinley ici, E.C., and Y. Vand enplas. “Lac tobacillus reute ri DSM 17938 effec tively reduces the d uration of acute
diarrho ea in hospitalise d children.” Acta P aediatrica 103 .7 (2014): e300- e305.
71. L ionetti, E., V. L. M iniello, S. P. Castel laneta, A. M. M agista, A. De C anio, G. Maurog iovanni, E. Iera rdi, L. Cavallo,
and R. Fran cavilla.“Lac tobacillus reute ri therapy to reduce si de-effects d uring anti-He licobacter pylor i
treatmen t in children: a rand omized placebo con trolled trial.”Ali mentary pharm acology & therap eutics24.10
(2006) : 1461-1468.
72. C occorullo, P., C. Str isciuglio, M. Ma rtinelli, E. Mi ele, L. Greco, an d A. Staiano.”L actobacillus r euteri (DSM 17938)
in infant s with functional c hronic constipat ion: a double-b lind, randomize d, placebo-co ntrolled study.”
The Jour nal of pediatrics1 57.4 (2010): 598-6 02.
73. I ndrio, F., A. Di Mau ro, G. Riezzo, E. Civa rdi, C. Intini, L . Corvaglia, E . Ballardini, M . Bisceglia, M. C inquetti,
E. Brazzo duro, and A. Del Vecc hio. “Prophylac tic use of a probiotic i n the prevention of colic , regurgitation ,
and func tional constipa tion: a randomized cl inical trial.”JAM A pediatrics16 8.3 (2014): 228 -233.
74. Romano, C ., V. Ferrau, F. Cavataio , G. Iacono, M. Sp ina, E. Lionet ti, F. Comisi, A. Famia ni, and D. Comito.
”Lacto bacillus reuteri i n children with fun ctional abdomi nal pain (FAP).”Jour nal of paediatric s and child health
50.10 (20 14): E68-E71 .
75. Weiz man, Z. “A Randomize d Controlled Trial of Lac tobacillus reute ri DSM 17938 in Funct ional abdomina l
pain of chil dhood.” SP-N -0102, Nutriti on Trial symposia withi n the ESPGHAN pro gram (9-12th of Ju ne, 2014
presente d at 47th Annual Meetin g of the European Soc iety for Paediatr ic Gastroenterol ogy, Hepatology
and Nutri tion, in Jerusal em).
76. Weizm an, Z., G. Asli , and A. Alsheik h. “Effect of a pro biotic infant form ula on infections i n child care centers :
compari son of two probiotic ag ents.”Pediatri cs115.1 (2005 ): 5-9.
77. Gu tierrez-Castre llon, P., G. Lopez-Velazqu ez, L. Diaz-Garc ia, C. Jimenez- Gutierrez, J. Ma ncilla-Ramir ez,
J. Estevez-Ji menez, and M. Par ra. “Diarrhe a in preschool chil dren and Lactoba cillus reuteri: a ra ndomized
controlle d trial.” Pediatri cs 133.4 (2014): e 904-e909.
78. A brahamsson, T.R ., T. Jakobsson, M .F. Böttcher, M. Fredri kson, M.C. Je nmalm, B. Björ kstén, and G. Ol daeus.
“Probio tics in prevention of Ig E-associated ec zema: a double-b lind, randomize d, placebo-co ntrolled
trial.”Jo urnal of Allergy a nd Clinical Immu nology119.5 (2 007): 1174-1180.

79. Sza jewska, H., and J .Z. Mrukowicz. “ Probiotics in the t reatment and prevent ion of acute infecti ous diarrhea
in infant s and children: a sys tematic review of publ ished randomized , double-bli nd, placebo-c ontrolled
trials.”J ournal of pediat ric gastroenterol ogy and nutrition3 3 (2001): S17-S25.
80. Basu, S ., M. Chatterj ee, S. Ganguly, an d P.K . Chandra. “Ef ficacy of Lactob acillus rhamno sus GG in acute watery
diarrho ea of Indian childr en: a randomised c ontrolled trial.”J ournal of paedia trics and child he alth43.12
(2007): 837-842.
81. B asu, S., D.K . Paul, S. Gangul y, M. Chatterjee, a nd P.K. Chandra. “ Efficacy of hig h-dose Lactob acillus
rhamnos us GG in controlling a cute watery diarrh ea in Indian child ren: a randomized co ntrolled trial.”J ournal
of clinica l gastroenterolo gy43.3 (2009): 2 08-213.
82. G uandalini, S. , L. Pensaben e, M.A. Zikri , J.A Dias, L.G . Casali, H. H oekstra, S. Kola cek, K. Massar, D. M icetic–Turk,
A. Papa dopoulou, and J .S. de Sousa . “Lactobacill us GG administere d in oral rehydration s olution to childre n
with acute di arrhea: a multicen ter European trial .”Journal of pedi atric gastroentero logy and nutritio n30.1
(2000): 54-60.
83. Ri tchie, B.K. , D.R. Brewster, C. D. Tran, G.P. Davidson , Y. McN eil, and R.N. B utler. “Efficac y of Lactobacillu s
GG in abori ginal children wi th acute diarrhoea l disease: a rando mised clinical tri al.”Journal of pe diatric
gastroen terology and nutri tion50.6 (2010): 6 19-624.
84. Misr a, S., T.K. Sabu i, and N.K. Pa l. “A randomized control led trial to evaluate th e efficacy of lac tobacillus GG
in infanti le diarrhea.”Th e Journal of pedia trics155.1 (200 9): 129-132.
85. Van derhoof, J.A ., D.B. Whitney, D. L. Antonson, T.L . Hanner, J.V. Lupo, and R. J. Young.”Lac tobacillus GG
in the prevent ion of antibiotic-as sociated diarrh ea in children.”Th e Journal of pedia trics135.5 ( 1999): 564-5 68.
86. Joh nston, B.C. , J.Z. Golden berg, P.O. Vandvik, X . Sun, and G.H . Guyatt. “Probi otics for the preventi on of
pediatri c antibiotic-asso ciated diarrhea .”The Cochrane Lib rary(2011).
87. Gawro ńska, A. , P. Dziec hciarz, A. Hor vath, and H. Szaje wska. “A randomized do uble-blind pla cebo-control led
trial of Lac tobacillus GG for a bdominal pain d isorders in child ren.”Alimentar y pharmacolog y
& therape utics25.2 (20 07): 177-184.
88. Fra ncavilla R., V. Mini ello, A.M. Ma gistà, A. De Ca nio, N. Bucci, F. Gag liardi, E. Lione tti, S. Castella neta,
L. Polim eno, L. Peccari si, and F. Indrio. “A rando mized controlled tri al of Lactobacill us GG in children wit h
functio nal abdominal p ain.”Pediatric s126.6 (2010): e14 45-e1452.
89. Hoj sak, I., S. Abd ović, H. Szajewska , M. Milošević, Ž. K rznarić, and S. Ko laček. “Lacto bacillus GG in the
prevention o f nosocomial gast rointestinal and re spiratory tract i nfections.”Pe diatrics125. 5 (2010): e1171- e1177.
90. Doege, K ., D. Grajecki , B.C. Zyriax, E. D etinkina, C. zu Eu lenburg, and K .J. Buhling .”Impact of mate rnal
supplem entation with prob iotics during preg nancy on atopic ec zema in childhood –a meta-analysi s.”British
journal o f nutrition107.01 (2012) : 1-6.
91. Kal liomäki, M., S . Salminen, H . Arvilommi, P. Kero, P. Koski nen, and E. Isol auri “Probiotic s in primary preven tion
of atopic dis ease: a randomise d placebo-con trolled trial.”Th e Lancet357.9262 (20 01): 1076-1079.
92. Rau tava, S., M. Kall iomäki, and E. I solauri. “Prob iotics during pre gnancy and breas t-feeding might conf er
immunom odulatory prote ction against atop ic disease in the inf ant.”Journal of A llergy and Clinic al
Immuno logy109.1 (2002) : 119-121.
93. Kal liomäki, M., S . Salminen, T. Pous sa, H. Arvilom mi, and E. Isola uri. “Probiotic s and prevention of atop ic
disease: 4 -year follow-up of a ra ndomised place bo-controlle d trial.”The Lance t361.9372 (20 03): 1869-187 1.
94. Kallio mäki, M., S. Sa lminen, T. Poussa , and E. Isolauri . “Probiotics du ring the first 7 year s of life: a cumulative
risk redu ction of eczema in a ran domized, placeb o-controlled t rial.”Journal of A llergy and Clinic al
Immuno logy119.4 (2007 ): 1019-1021 .
95. Dot terud, C. K., O . Storrø, R. Johnse n, and T. Øien. “Pro biotics in pregna nt women to prevent alle rgic disease:
a randomized, double‐blind trial.”Br itish Journal of De rmatology163. 3 (2010): 616- 623.
96. Boyle , R. J., I. H. Ism ail, S. Kivivuor i, P. V. Liccia rdi, R. M. Robin s‐Browne, L‐J. Mah, C. A xelrad, S. Moo re,
S. Donat h, J.B. Carli n, and S.J. La htinen. “Lac tobacillus GG trea tment during preg nancy for the preven tion
of eczema: a r andomized control led trial.”Allerg y66.4 (2011): 50 9-516.
97. Janvi er, A., J. Malo, an d K.J. Barrin gton. “Cohort s tudy of probiotics i n a North America n neonatal intens ive
care unit .”The Journal of pe diatrics164. 5 (2014): 980-9 85.
98. Htw e, K., K.S. Yee , M. Tin, and Y. Vandenp las “Effect of Sa ccharomyces boula rdii in the treatment o f acute
watery dia rrhea in Myanmar c hildren: a rando mized controlled stu dy.”The American jo urnal of tropical
medicin e and hygiene78. 2 (2008): 214-21 6.
99. Kurug öl, Z., and G. Kotu roğlu. “Effec ts of Saccharomyces b oulardii in child ren with acute diarrh oea.”
Acta Paed iatrica94.1 (20 05): 44-47.
100. F eizizadeh, S., A . Salehi-Aba rgouei, and V. Akbar i. “Efficacy a nd safety of Saccha romyces boulardii f or acute
diarrhe a.”Pediatrics(20 14): peds-2013.
101. Kotowska, M ., P. Albrecht, and H. Sz ajewska. “Sacc haromyces boulard ii in the prevention of an tibiotic‐
associate d diarrhoea in chi ldren: a randomize d double‐blind placebo‐contro lled trial.”Alim entary
pharmac ology & therapeu tics21.5 (200 5): 583-590.
102. Buts, J. P., G. C orthier, and M. De lmee. “Saccha romyces boulardii f or Clostridium dif ficile-asso ciated
enteropa thies in infants. ”Journal of pedia tric gastroentero logy and nutrition1 6.4 (1993) : 419-425.
103. Garaiova, I ., J. Muchová, Z . Nagyová, Duolao Wa ng, J. V. Li, Z. Ország hová, D. R. Micha el, S. F. Plummer, and
Z. Ďuračková. “ Probiotics and vi tamin C for the prevent ion of respiratory tr act infections i n children attend ing
prescho ol: a randomised co ntrolled pilot stu dy.”European journ al of clinical nutri tion69.3 (2015) : 373-379.
104. Gerasimov, S., a nd O. Cycura. “Rol e of probiotics in atte nuation of acute resp iratory tract inf ections
in prescho ol and primary sc hool children .”European Respira tory Journal40 .Suppl 56 (2012) : P2952.
105. Gerasimov, S .V., V.V. Vasjuta, O.O. M yhovych, and L. I. Bondarchuk . “Probiotic sup plement reduces a topic
dermatit is in preschool chil dren.”America n journal of clini cal dermatology1 1.5 (2010): 351 -361.
106. Taipale, T., K. Pien ihäkkinen, E . Isolauri, C. L arsen, E. Broc kmann, P. Alanen, J . Jokela, and E. S öderling.
“Bifid obacterium ani malis subsp. lac tis BB-12 in reduci ng the risk of infecti ons in infancy.”Brit ish Journal
of Nutritio n105.3 (2011) : 409-416.
107. Corrêa, N .B., L.A . Péret Filho, F.J. Pe nna, F.M.S. L ima, and J.R. N icoli. “A randomized fo rmula controlle d trial
of Bifido bacterium lacti s and Streptococcus t hermophilus fo r prevention of antibi otic-associated di arrhea
in infant s.”Journal of clin ical gastroente rology39.5 (200 5): 385-389 .
108. Chernyshov, P. V. “Integ rated treatment of in fants, patient s with atopic dermatit is.”Dermatolog y3 (2007):
23-26 .
109. Rautava, S. , S. Salminen, a nd E. Isolauri. “ Specific probi otics in reducing t he risk of acute infec tions in infancy–
a randomi sed, double- blind, placebo -controlled stu dy.”British Journa l of Nutrition101 .11 (2009): 1722-17 26.
110. Leyer, G.J ., S. Li, M.E. M ubasher, C. Reife r, and A.C. Ouweh and.”Probioti c effects on cold a nd influenza-l ike
symptom in cidence and durat ion in children.”P ediatrics124. 2 (2009): e172-e179.
111. Dubey, A. P., R. Krishnan , A. Chakravarti , A. Aggarwal, B .K. Atal, C. D e Simone, V. Pandey, and A .R. Sahu.
“W177 2 Use of Vsl# 3®(a New High Co ncentration Prob iotic Mixture) in the Treatme nt of Childhood Di arrhea
with Speci fic Reference to Rotav irus Diarrhea .”Gastroenterolo gy134.4 (2008 ): A-712.
112. Huy nh, H.Q., J. d eBruyn, L. Gua n, H. Diaz, M. Li , S. Girgis, J. Turne r, R. Fe dorak, and K. Ma dsen. “Probio tic
preparat ion VSL# 3 induces re mission in childr en with mild to moderat e acute ulcerative coli tis: a pilot study.”
Inflamm atory bowel diseas es 15.5 (2009) : 760-768.
113. Mie le, E., F. Pascarel la, E. Giannet ti, L. Quagliet ta, R.N. Bal dassano, and A . Staiano. “Effe ct of a Probiotic
Preparat ion (VSL&num; 3 ) on induction an d maintenance of Rem ission in childre n with ulcerative colit is.”
The Ameri can journal of gas troenterology1 04.2 (2009): 4 37-443.
114. Guand alini, S., G. M agazzu, A. Chia ro, V. La Balestra, G . Di Nardo, S. Gop alan, A. Sibal , C. Romano, R. B. Canani,
P. Lionetti, a nd M. Setty. “VSL # 3 improves symptoms in c hildren with irrit able bowel syndrom e: a multicenter,
randomi zed, placebo-c ontrolled, doub le-blind, cro ssover study.”Journ al of pediatric gast roenterology and
nutrition5 1.1 (2010): 24-30.
115. Anu kam, K., E. Osa zuwa, I. Ahonkh ai, M. Ngwu, G. O semene, A.W. Bruc e, and G. Reid. “Augme ntation of
antimicro bial metronidazo le therapy of bacter ial vaginosis with o ral probiotic Lact obacillus rhamn osus GR-1
and Lacto bacillus reuter i RC-14: randomized , double-blin d, placebo control led trial.”Micro bes and Infectio n8.6
(2006) : 1450-1454.
116. Reid , G., D. Charbonn eau, J. Erb, B. Koc hanowski, D. Beu erman, R. Poeh ner, and A.W. Bruce. “O ral use of
Lactoba cillus rhamnos us GR-1 and L. ferme ntum RC-14 signific antly alters vagin al flora: random ized, placebo-
controlle d trial in 64 healthy wo men.”FEMS Immu nology & Medica l Microbiology35 .2 (2003): 13 1-134.
117. Anukam , K.C., E. Os azuwa, G.I. Ose mene, F. Ehigiagbe , A.W. Bruce, and G. R eid. “Clinical s tudy comparing
probiotic L actobacillus G R-1 and RC-14 with metron idazole vaginal ge l to treat symptomatic b acterial
vaginosi s.”Microbes and I nfection8.12 (20 06): 2772-2776.
118. Hum melen, R., J. C hangalucha, N .L. Butama nya, A. Cook, J. D.F. Habbema, a nd G. Reid.”La ctobacillus
rhamnos us GR-1 and L. reuter i RC-14 to prevent or cure ba cterial vaginosi s among women with H IV.”
Internati onal Journal of Gy necology & Obstetr ics111.3 (201 0): 245-248.
119. Reid , G., A.W. Bruce, N. F raser, C. Heinema nn, J. Owen, and B . Henning. “Or al probiotics can r esolve urogenita l
infectio ns.”FEMS Immun ology & Medical M icrobiology30. 1 (2001): 49-52.
120. Ya, W., C. Re ifer, and L.E. Mi ller. “Efficac y of vaginal probi otic capsules for re current bacter ial vaginosis: a d ouble-
blind, ra ndomized, plac ebo-controll ed study.”Americ an journal of obs tetrics and gynec ology203.2 (2 010): 120-e1.

121. Kern, A. M ., J. M. Bohbot , and J. M. Cardot . “Preventive treatm ent of vulvovaginal c andidosis with vag inal
probiotic ( gynophilus® -lcr regeneran s®): Results of the obs ervational stud y candiflore.”L a Lettre du
Gynecolo gue370 (2012): 33-7.
122. Marco ne, V., G. Rocca, M . Lichtner, and E. Ca lzolari. “Long- term vaginal admi nistration of Lacto bacillus
rhamnos us as a complement ary approach to ma nagement of bac terial vaginosis .”International J ournal of
Gynecolo gy & Obstetrics11 0.3 (2010): 223-2 26.
123. Petri cevic, L., and A . Witt. “The role of L actobacillus c asei rhamnosus Lc r35 in restoring the nor mal vaginal
flora af ter antibiotic treatm ent of bacterial va ginosis.”BJO G: An Internationa l Journal of Obste trics &
Gynaecol ogy115.11 (200 8): 1369-1374.
124. Rossi, A ., T. Rossi, M. Bert ini, and G. Cacci a. “The use of Lac tobacillus rham nosus in the therapy o f bacterial
vaginosi s. Evaluation of clin ical efficac y in a population of 40 wo men treated for 24 mont hs.”Archives of
gynecol ogy and obstetrics2 81.6 (2010): 10 65-1069.
125. Lars son, P.G., E. Bran dsborg, U. Forsu m, S. Pendhark ar, K.K. Ander sen, S. Nasic, L . Hammarström , and H.
Marcotte . “Extended ant imicrobial treatm ent of bacterial va ginosis combine d with human lactob acilli to find
the best tre atment and minimi ze the risk of relapses .”BMC infectiou s diseases11.1 (2 011): 1.
126. Oduyeb o, Oyinlola O., Ros e I. Anorlu, and Fo lasade T. Ogunsola . “The effect s of antimicrobial th erapy on
bacteri al vaginosis in non ‐pregnant women .”The Cochrane Li brary(2009).
127. Martine z, R.C., S. A . Franceschini, M . C. Patta, S. M . Quintana, R. C . Candido, J. C . Ferreira, E. C . P. De Martinis,
and G. Rei d. “Improved treat ment of vulvovagina l candidiasis with f luconazole plus p robiotic Lactoba cillus
rhamnosus GR‐1 and Lactob acillus reuteri RC ‐14.”Letters in app lied microbiolog y48.3 (2009): 2 69-274.
128. Mar tinez, R.C., S .A. Francesch ini, M.C. Pat ta, S.M. Quin tana, B.C. G omes, E.C. De M artinis, and G . Reid.
“Improve d cure of bacterial va ginosis with singl e dose of tinidazole (2 g), L actobacillus rh amnosus GR-1,
and Lacto bacillus reuter i RC-14: a randomized , double-blin d, placebo-co ntrolled trial.”C anadian journa l of
microbio logy55.2 (20 09): 133-138.
129. Vujic, G ., A.J. Knez , V.D. Stefanovic, an d V.K . Vrbanovic. “Eff icacy of orally ap plied probiotic c apsules
for bacte rial vaginosis an d other vaginal infe ctions: a double -blind, rando mized, placebo -controlled
study.”Europ ean Journal of Ob stetrics & Gynecol ogy and Reproduc tive Biology168 .1 (2013): 75-79.
130. Agrawal, A. , Lesley A. Hough ton, J. Morris, B . Reilly, D. Guyonnet , N. Goupil Feuil lerat, A. Schlu mberger,
S. Jakob , and P. J. Whorwell. “C linical trial: the e ffects of a ferme nted milk produc t containing Bifi dobacterium
lactis DN ‐173 010 on abdom inal distension a nd gastrointestin al transit in irrita ble bowel syndrom e with
constipa tion.”Alimenta ry pharmacolo gy & therapeutics2 9.1 (2009): 104 -114.
131. Gu yonnet, D., O. Chas sany, P. Ducrotte, C. Pic ard, M. Mouret, C ‐H. Mercier, and C. M atuchansky. “Ef fect of
a fermente d milk containing B ifidobacteri um animalis DN‐1 73 010 on the health ‐related quality o f life and
symptoms i n irritable bowel syn drome in adults in p rimary care: a mu lticentre, rando mized, double‐b lind,
controlle d trial.”Aliment ary pharmacol ogy & therapeutic s26.3 (2007): 475 -486.
132. Yang, Y.X ., M. He, G. Hu, J . Wei, P. Pages, X.H . Yang, and S. Bourd u-Naturel. “Ef fect of a fermente d milk
containi ng Bifidobacte rium lactis DN-17 3010 on Chinese c onstipated women .”World J Gastroente rol14.40
(2008): 6237- 6243.
133. Mere nstein, D., M. Mu rphy, A. Fokar, R.K . Hernandez, H . Park, H. Nsouli , M.E. Sande rs, B.A. Dav is, V. Niborski,
F. Tondu, and N. M. Shara. “Us e of a fermented dair y probiotic drink co ntaining Lacto bacillus casei ( DN-114 001)
to decreas e the rate of illness in ki ds: the DRINK stu dy A patient-oriente d, double-bl ind, cluster-rand omized,
placebo -controlled, c linical trial.”Eu ropean journal of c linical nutritio n64.7 (2010): 669 -677.
134. Pedone , C.A., A. O. Bernabeu, E .R. Postaire, C .F. Bouley, and P. Reiner t. “The effec t of supplementat ion with
milk ferm ented by Lactobaci llus casei (strain DN -114 001) on acute di arrhoea in child ren attending day c are
centres. ”International jo urnal of clinical p ractice53.3 ( 1998): 179-1 84.
135. Pedo ne, C.A., C .C. Arnaud, E .R. Postaire , C.F. Bouley, and P. Reine rt. “Multicen tric study of the eff ect of milk
fermente d by Lactobacillu s casei on the incid ence of diarrhoea .”International j ournal of clinic al practice54. 9
(2000): 568-571.
136. Sýkora, J ., K. Valecková, J. A mlerová, K. Sia la, P. Dedek, S. Watkin s, J. Varvarovská , F. Stožick ý, P. Pazdio ra,
and J. Schw arz. “Effect s of a specially desig ned fermented mi lk product contai ning probiotic La ctobacillus
casei DN -114 001 and the era dication of H. pylo ri in children: a pros pective randomize d double-blin d study.”
Journal of clinical gastroenterology39.8 (2005): 692-698.
137. Lin, J. S., Y.H. Chiu, N.T. Lin , C.H. Chu, K .C. Huang, K.W. Lia o, and K.C. Pen g. “Different e ffects of probi otic
species /strains on infectio ns in preschool ch ildren: a double -blind, rando mized, controlled s tudy.”Vaccine27.7
(2009) : 1073-1079.
138. Hick son, M., A.L . D’Souza, N. M uthu, T.R. Roger s, S. Want, C. Raj kumar, and C.J. B ulpitt. “Use of p robiotic
Lactoba cillus preparat ion to prevent diarrho ea associated with a ntibiotics: rand omised double bl ind placebo
controlle d trial.”Bmj335 .7610 (2007): 80 .
139. Giovan nini, M., C. Agos toni, E. Riva, F. Salv ini, A. Ruscitto , G.V. Zuccotti, and G. Ra daelli. “A randomize d
prospec tive double blind co ntrolled trial on ef fects of long-te rm consumption of fe rmented milk conta ining
Lactoba cillus casei in pre -school childr en with allergic ast hma and/or rhinitis .”Pediatric resea rch62.2 (2007) :
215 -220.
140. Merenstein, D ., M. Murphy, A. Fok ar, R.K. Hernan dez, H. Park, H . Nsouli, M.E. S anders, B. A. Davis, V. Nibors ki,
F. Tondu, and N. M. Shara. “Us e of a fermented dair y probiotic drink co ntaining Lacto bacillus casei ( DN-114 001)
to decreas e the rate of illness in ki ds: the DRINK stu dy A patient-oriente d, double-bl ind, cluster-rand omized,
placebo -controlled, c linical trial.”Eu ropean journal of c linical nutritio n64.7 (2010): 669 -677.
141. Boge, T., M . Rémigy, S. Vaudai ne, J. Tanguy, R. Bourd et-Sicard, and S. Van D er Werf. “A probiotic ferm ented
dairy dr ink improves antibo dy response to influ enza vaccination i n the elderly in two ra ndomised contro lled
trials.”Va ccine27.41 (2009): 567 7-5684.
142. Guillem ard, E., F. Tondu, F. Lacoi n, and J. Schrezen meir. “Consumptio n of a fermented dair y product contai ning
the probio tic Lactobacill us casei DN-114 0 01 reduces the dura tion of respiratory i nfections in the el derly in a
randomi sed controlled tri al.”British journ al of nutrition103 .01 (2010): 58- 68.
143. Guille mard, E., J. Tanguy, A .L. Flavigny, S. de la M otte, and J. Schre zenmeir. “Effec ts of consumption of a
fermente d dairy product c ontaining the pro biotic Lactobac illus casei DN-1 14 001 on common res piratory and
gastroin testinal infecti ons in shift worker s in a randomized contr olled trial.”Jou rnal of the Americ an College of
Nutritio n29.5 (2010): 455 -468.
144. Marcos, A. , J. W., E. Nova, S. G ómez, A. Alvarez, R . Alvarez, J.A . Mateos, and J. M. Cobo. “The ef fect of milk
fermente d by yogurt cultures p lus Lactobacil lus casei DN-114 001 on the immune r esponse of subjec ts under
academ ic examination stre ss.”European jou rnal of nutrition43 .6 (2004): 381 -389.
145. Meyer, A.L ., M. Micksche , I. Herbacek, a nd I. Elmadfa. “ Daily intake of prob iotic as well as conventi onal yogurt
has a stimu lating effect on ce llular immunit y in young healthy wom en.”Annals of nutr ition and metabol ism50.3
(2006): 282-289.
146. Ortiz-Andre llucchi, A., A . Sánchez-Villeg as, C. Rodrígu ez-Gallego, A . Lemes, T. Molero, A . Soria, L. Pena -
Quintan a, M. Santana , O. Ramírez, J. Garc ía, and F. Cabrera. “ Immunomodu latory effect s of the intake of
fermente d milk with Lactoba cillus casei DN1 14001 in lactat ing mothers and the ir children.”Br itish journal of
nutrition1 00.04 (2008) : 834-845.
147. Tiollier, E., M . Chennaoui, D. G omez-Merino, C . Drogou, E. Fil aire, and C.Y. Guezenne c. “Effect of a pr obiotics
supplementation on respiratory infections and immune and hormonal parameters during intense military
training .”Military medi cine172.9 (2007 ): 1006-101 1.
148. Turchet, P., M. La urenzano, S. Aub oiron, and J. M. A ntoine. “Effec t of fermented milk c ontaining the pro biotic
Lactoba cillus casei DN -114001 on winter i nfections in free -living elderl y subjects: a rand omised, control led pilot
study.”The jo urnal of nutrition , health & aging7.2 (20 02): 75-77.
149. Saavedra, J .M., A. Abi- Hanna, N. Mo ore, and R.H. Yolke n. “Long-term con sumption of infan t formulas
containi ng live probiotic bac teria: tolerance a nd safety.”The Amer ican journal of cl inical nutrition7 9.2 (2004):
261-267.
150. Sheu, B‐S., J‐J. Wu , C‐Y. Lo, H‐W. Wu, J ‐H. Chen, Y‐S. Lin , and M‐D. Lin. “I mpact of supplem ent
with Lactobacillus‐and Bifidobacterium‐contain ing yogurt on tripl e therapy for Helico bacter pylori
eradica tion.”Alimenta ry pharmacolo gy & therapeutics1 6.9 (2002): 16 69-1675.
151. She u, B-S., H-C . Cheng, A-W. Kao, S-T. Wang, Y-J. Yan g, H-B. Yang, and J -J. Wu. “Pretreat ment with
Lactoba cillus-and Bifi dobacterium- containing yogu rt can improve the ef ficacy of quadr uple therapy in
eradica ting residual Hel icobacter pylori i nfection after fa iled triple thera py.”The American jo urnal of clinical
nutrition8 3.4 (2006): 8 64-869.
152. Wang, K-Y., S-N . Li, C-S. Liu, D-S . Perng, Y-C. Su , D-C. Wu, C-M. J an, C-H. Lai, T-N . Wang, and W-M. Wang .
“Effec ts of ingesting La ctobacillus-a nd Bifidobacte rium-contain ing yogurt in subje cts with colonized
Helicob acter pylori.”The A merican journa l of clinical nutri tion80.3 (2004) : 737-741.
153. de Vrese , M., H. Kristen , P. Rautenberg, C. L aue, and J. Schre zenmeir. “Probioti c lactobacilli an d bifidobacter ia
in a fermen ted milk product wit h added fruit prep aration reduce an tibiotic associate d diarrhea and
Helicob acter pylori activ ity.”Journal of dair y research78.0 4 (2011): 396- 403.
154. Uchida , K., K. Akashi , I. Kusunoki, T. Ikeda , N. Katano, H. M otoshima, and Y. Benn o. “Effect of fer mented milk
containi ng Bifidobacte rium lactis BB-1 2® on stool freque ncy, defecation, f ecal microbiota a nd safety of
excessive ing estion in healthy fe male students .”J. Nutr. Food8 (2005 ): 39-51.
155. Nishi da, S., M. Gotou , S. Akutsu, M. O no, Y. Hitomi, T. Nakamur a, and H. Iino. “ Effect of yogurt co ntaining
Bifidob acterium lacti s BB-12 on improveme nt of defecation an d fecal microflor a of healthy female ad ults.”
Milk Scie nce (Japan)(2004).
156. Ejtahe d, H.S., J. M ohtadi-Nia, A . Homayouni-Ra d, M. Niafar, M. As ghari-Jafarab adi, and V. Mofid. “ Probiotic
yogurt im proves antioxidant st atus in type 2 diabe tic patients.”Nu trition28.5 (201 2): 539-543 .

ALLIANCE MEMBERS
Apple an d the Apple logo are t rademarks of App le Inc., registe red in the U.S. an d other countries . App Store is a servic e mark of Apple Inc . Google Play is a trad emark of Google I nc.
THIS EDUCATIONAL TOOL HAS BEEN MADE POSSIBLE THROUGH
AN UNRESTRICTED EDUCATIONAL GRANT BY
For more information on the Alliance visit AEProbio.ca
For an online version of this guide visit probioticchart.ca
2017 version (document annually updated)
MD