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Studies in Indian Place Names ISSN: 2394-3114
(UGC Care Journal) Vol-40-Issue-50-March-2020
P a g e | 5050 Copyright ⓒ 2020 Authors
Effective Scheduling and Control of Construction Project Using
Primavera P6: A Review
Pankaj D. Varsani1, Prof. Amit N. Bhavsar2, Dr. Jayeshkumar R. Pitroda3
1Final Year M. Tech Construction Project Management Student, BVM engineering college, Vallabh
Vidyanagar, Anand
2,3Associate Professor, Civil Engineering Department, BVM Engineering College, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Anand
Abstract: Proper planning and scheduling are very important part of construction projects for
reducing and controlling delays of the project. Substantial amounts of time, money and
resources are wasted each year in a construction industry due to improper management of
construction activities. With globalization the construction projects have become vast and very
complex. Planning of such projects requires huge amount of paperwork and time, which can
be reduced with the help of project planning software. Providing good planning, proper
organization, sufficient flow of resources to a project cannot automatically achieve the desired
result. A warning mechanism must be present, which can alert the organization about its
possible success and failures throughout the project. The main objectives of this study are to
plan, schedule, and track an industrial project with the help of primavera P6 software and study
the results generated. Also, to recommend measures to the organization for enhancing their
project planning skills for similar projects in future.
Keywords: Planning, Scheduling, Tracking, SPI, CPI, Primavera P6.
Introduction:
The construction industry is an integral component of a nation’s infrastructure and
industrial growth. Many problems and issues are being faced by the construction industry, the
majority of them are cost overruns and time overruns due to inadequate project formulation,
poor planning for implementation and improper management during execution. Observations
show that proper skilful management is essential for a project to complete within time,
estimated budget and with allocated resources. Providing good planning, proper organization,
sufficient flow of resources to the project can automatically achieve the desired result. A
warning mechanism must be present, which can alert the organization about its possible success
and failures throughout the project.
Project Monitoring acts like a warning mechanism; it is the process of recording, collecting
and reporting information regarding project performance that the project manager and others
wish to know. Monitoring includes watching the progress of the project against time,
performance schedule and resources during actual execution of the project and it identified the
lagging areas which require timely attention and actions. Large projects become more complex
and the ability to exchange information on paper within the organization on a timely basis gets
difficult.
The traditional project management system cannot meet the demands of today’s projects,
as a countless amount of information and data on a project is always changing. The main
objectives of this study are to plan, schedule, and track an industrial project with the help of
Studies in Indian Place Names ISSN: 2394-3114
(UGC Care Journal) Vol-40-Issue-50-March-2020
P a g e | 5051 Copyright ⓒ 2020 Authors
primavera software, also to recommend measures to the organization for enhancing their
project planning for similar projects in future.
Steps Involved in Operation of Primavera P6:
1. Creating an ideal schedule: The first step is to collect all the data and summarize it
together in order to undertake schedule preparation.
2. Enterprise Project Structure (EPS): Create a new structure of the company with the
branches which is undertaking the execution of the project.
3. Organizational Breakdown Structure (OBS): After the generation of EPS, OBS is
created which directly reflects the persons responsible for the respective project carried out
in in the enterprise. All the new and upcoming projects related to the person are directly
added under the same OBS.
4. Assigning Calendar: As per the requirement of the work, a suitable calendar is generated
and assigned in the OBS. Specific working hours are determined and the breaks are allotted
as specified.
5. Create a New Project: A new project is created in the respective division of the EPS and
is respectively assigned to the person under the OBS. Expected start and finish dates may
be given and assigned a calendar which can be global, resource or project oriented.
6. Work breakdown structure (WBS): WBS is a hierarchy of the total work that must be
accomplished to undertake completion of the project. Each project. Each WBS contains
different activities associated with it.
7. Define Activities under WBS: Activities are the fundamental elements of a project and
from the lowest level of a WBS as well as the smallest subdivision of a project. An activity
is associated with characteristics such as activity ID, activity name, start and finish dates
of the activity, activity calendar, activity type and codes as well as constrains, expenses,
successor and predecessor relationships, resources, roles etc. associated with the activity.
8. Determination of Activity Duration: While planning is undertaken, the duration of every
activity is entered in the original duration field. It could be in days, weeks or months. The
actual duration can only be entered for those activities, which are completed.
9. Activity Dates: The activity dates available in Primavera P6 for various activities can be
categorized as follows;
➢ Actual Start.
➢ Actual Finish.
➢ Planned Start.
➢ Planned Finish.
Studies in Indian Place Names ISSN: 2394-3114
(UGC Care Journal) Vol-40-Issue-50-March-2020
P a g e | 5052 Copyright ⓒ 2020 Authors
10. Activity Relationship: All the activities must be inter-connected to each other to for a
structured work flow. This is achieved by assigning relationships i.e. successors and/or
predecessors to every activity. The relationships may further be defined under the following
categories;
➢ Start to Start (SS) Relationship.
➢ Start to Finish (SF) Relationship.
➢ Finish to Start (FS) Relationship.
➢ Finish to Finish (FF) Relationship.
11. Run Schedule: After defining all activities, assigning duration and relationships to them,
the project activities are scheduled and the grant chart is obtained along with the network
diagram of the project.
12. Resource and Role Allocation: Different roles of people working in the project can be
created and different resources can be assigned to the created roles. The resources are
specified certain value per unit and allotted maximum units. These resources fall under the
category of labour, non-labour and material.
13. Activity cost: The cost of all the activities obtained after resource allocation is summoned
up as the overall activity cost.
14. Baseline creation: A baseline plan is a perfect copy of the original schedule which
provides a target against which a project’s performance is tracked and the project activities
are updated as per their performance.
15. Updating the Schedule: If the project is progressing exactly as planned, updating may not
be necessary. However, if the project falls behind and many activities undergo out of
sequence or actual resource usage exceeds the planed usage, then the activities must be
updated to enable on-time completion of the project. Activities may be updated as per their
completion percentage, existing lags or leads and the project may be rescheduled as
necessary after a given span of time.
16. Tracking: The tracking window is used for monitoring a project’s progress by using
different layouts such as labour costs, project cost, resource forecasting as well as resource
allocation both unit wise and cost wise.
17. Earned value: Primavera P6 allows the manager to track the project performance in terms
of Earned value is a technique for measuring project performance according to both, project
cost and schedule. This technique compares the planned budgeted cost of the project to the
actual cost and obtains the following essential parameters, Planned Value, Actual Cost,
Earned Value, Budgeted at Completion, Cost Variance, Schedule Variance and
Performance Indexes.
Studies in Indian Place Names ISSN: 2394-3114
(UGC Care Journal) Vol-40-Issue-50-March-2020
P a g e | 5053 Copyright ⓒ 2020 Authors
18. Claim digger: The claim digger is a schedule analysis tool which enables any company to
create a report that undertakes comparison of the selected data fields in a revised project
for the corresponding baseline of the project.
19. Project issues: Project Issues are known problems within a project plan that require
attention or corrective action. Issues can either be manually created or automatically
generated. Issues can also be associated with Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) elements,
activities or resources.
20. Project thresholds: Thresholds are created by selecting a parameter, such as start date and
setting end values for the threshold. The can be applied to a specific element of WBS or an
activity of the project plan. Project thresholds are helpful in monitoring the projects and
create issues.
21. Risk Analysis: Project risk demonstrates uncertainty to any event or condition and may
has both positive as well as negative effects on the objectives of the project such as its
scope, quality, schedule and cost. The risks are termed as opportunities and threats. The
project may be accepted if the risk value is under the threshold value as specified. Positive
risks may also be undertaken with threshold limits to create enhanced values.
22. Report Generation and Portfolio access: Finally, the project report can be generated
indicating all applicable parameters as required and the ultimate summary of the project
can be viewed in the portfolio section.
Source: Oracle Corporation website
Fig. 1 – Primavera P6 steps Involved and application
Critical Literature Review:
The following are the previous research reviews based on Effective Scheduling and Control of
Construction Project Using Primavera P6:
Matthew J. Liberatore et al. (2001) this study confirm that construction professionals are
heavy users of PM software. The software package of choice among most construction
respondents is Primavera, which contrasts with the total respondents’ heavy use of Microsoft
Project. Not surprisingly, professionals in the construction industry, are using PM software
Customer Relation Manage
Virtual Design and Construction
Financial Management
Supply Chain Management
Studies in Indian Place Names ISSN: 2394-3114
(UGC Care Journal) Vol-40-Issue-50-March-2020
P a g e | 5054 Copyright ⓒ 2020 Authors
more now than ever before. An influential factor for construction professionals when deciding
when to use and not to use PM software is the complexity of the project. The results also
indicate that those construction professionals who use more analytical techniques tend to
choose the full-featured software package Primavera over other packages, while those who use
fewer techniques chose the more basic Microsoft Project package. Some interesting results
were found concerning both technique usage and the types of information that are entered and
updated in a typical project. Construction respondents are heavy users of critical path analysis
for planning and control, resource scheduling for planning, and earned value analysis for
control. In terms of the types of information that are entered and updated in a typical project,
the results show that more than half of the construction respondents who entered specific types
of PM information also updated that information. The number of activities in a typical project
and the use of software for all active projects were the key determinants of the usage of specific
analytical techniques. These factors are also significant determinants of the types of
information entered and updated in the software. [9]
Pethe Sarang S et al. (2012) Said that project management concepts are no longer theoretical
but have got converted to technology driven means. There are some more parameters of
Primavera such as primavera architecture, calendars, scheduling, work breakdown structure,
resource assigning, its analysis and levelling, updating, etc. But here we have discussed the
major parameters which affect the construction industry in a far bigger way. To divert the
attention of non-participants of primavera, to show its proper utilization, applicability, we think
the above-mentioned parameters are sufficient, so that they can take initiative for their business
or roles and responsibilities in their projects. [13]
Andrew Fernans Tom et al. (2013) He shows the case study proved to be a guideline in
understanding the progress of Standard Design Factory construction work and also to identify
the specific problems arising during the process. Results of this study show the drawbacks of
the present project management system in SDF project and the importance efficient planning,
monitoring and controlling, as well as the need and effectiveness of a project management
software like Primavera P6 in a construction project.
Project progress is 51.73% of the total work after consuming 62.48% of the total estimated
project duration. Schedule variance percentage is -11.05% therefore the project is 11.05 percent
behind schedule. A SPI of 0.89 would tell us that the project is only progressing at 89 % of the
rate originally planned. The originally estimated completion time for the project was 21
months, so the project manager now knows that if work continues at the current rate the project
will take 2.6 months longer than originally planned as time estimate at completion is 23.6
months. Cost variance percentage is 4.84% therefore the project is 4.84 % below budget for
the work performed till 31st March 2012, excluding penalties applicable due to delays.
Comparison of revised project schedule with baseline of shows that 41 WBS have been added
and 43 WBS have been deleted. Generally, it can be concluded that Inadequacy in
implementation of monitoring policies has been observed. Primavera P6 proves to be an
efficient tool in monitoring and controlling any construction project as the time and effort in
updating is reduced drastically by this specific layout. [3]
Studies in Indian Place Names ISSN: 2394-3114
(UGC Care Journal) Vol-40-Issue-50-March-2020
P a g e | 5055 Copyright ⓒ 2020 Authors
T. Subramani et al. (2014) found although EVA (Earned Value Analysis) may be most easily
associated with the monitoring and evaluation of project cost that are undertaken within an
organization, it can also be readily applied, with some adjustment, to the control of project cost
that are performed by contractors and vendors. In those circumstances, however, it must be
recognized that the client and contractor will have differing perspectives on actual and
budgeted costs. This study also indicated that EVA has significant value and presents unique
features that can benefit clients, consultants and industries. The two Projects were analysed
using the developed software (in C#, .Net & SQL server) and MS Project 2007 and Primavera
P6 based on Earned Value Analysis Method. CPI, PD, AD, CV, PV, AC, EV variable were
selected. The result shows a strong relation between each software. The final result gives more
than 99.5% accuracy. A new parameter SV (t) (Schedule Variances respect to time) is
identified and incorporated in developed software which is not in MS Project 2007 and
Primavera 6. The final result gives almost 100% accuracy. [18]
Kyong Ju Kim et al. (2016) this study investigated measures to improve the efficiency of
initial scheduling by developing a database of various scheduling models and automating the
initial schedule preparation process. Even novice schedule engineers can develop an initial
schedule plan by referring to the standard schedule and project database built by schedule
management professionals, and technical information on schedule management can be
organized for future use through this system. The system also minimizes the time needed to
prepare the initial schedule through automation, helping companies meet the tight deadlines
mandated by Korean law. The system automatically generates activities and logic networks
using a standard schedule and project database. Major activities are connected to a proper CBS,
which is used to automatically calculate quantities each activity. This study defined a code
system for work classification, calendar types, and activities required for initial scheduling, and
developed a field-friendly initial scheduling system that can automatically generate activities
and calculate quantities. The system was designed to be connected to the Primavera
commercial schedule management software to improve its schedule management efficiency.
Based on the three measures suggested above, the study compared the existing and automated
methods for initial scheduling. A survey of sites that had prepared an initial schedule showed
that activity generation, logic network connection, and quantity calculation were the most time-
consuming. [8]
Ming-Fung Francis Siu et al. (2016) carried out in current practice, the assessment of budget
sufficiency and resource utilization for a formulated resource-constrained project schedule is
critical to the successful delivery of a construction project. This paper also contrasts the
application of a practical scheduling approach (PrimaveraP6) and the resource supply-demand
matching problem (RSDMP)optimization approach recently developed from in-house research
to generate multiple alternative resource-constrained project schedules in terms of budget
sufficiency and resource utilization for case study projects. The two project schedules have
thus proven the academic and practical values of the proposed research. The results of the case
studies show that budget sufficiency and resource utilization for resource-constrained project
schedules can be quantified, analysed, and compared using the proposed schedule assessment
metrics in a straightforward yet objective manner. the practical approach (Primavera P6) and
Studies in Indian Place Names ISSN: 2394-3114
(UGC Care Journal) Vol-40-Issue-50-March-2020
P a g e | 5056 Copyright ⓒ 2020 Authors
the optimization approach (RSDMP approach) are capable of producing the project schedules
subject to constant resource supply limits throughout the project or periodic resource supply
limits that vary for particular time periods. However, Primavera P6 relies on heuristics rules in
resource levelling. As such, RSDMP outperforms Primavera P6 with regard to higher budget
sufficiency and higher resource utilization, such that more contingency can be reserved in the
control budget against unexpected works. Primavera P6 schedule is shifted to add to the
contingency in the optimized schedule as a result of improved resource utilization in the
optimized schedules. [10]
Abuzar Aftab Shaikh et al. (2016) Studied on the Schedule Variance (SV) obtained is a
negative value, hence Primavera P6 gives a warning that the project is behind the planned
Schedule at the rate of 17.80%. The Schedule Performance Index (SPI) of 0.822 indicates that
the project is working or progressing at an efficiency of 82.2% of originally planned.
Cost Variance (CV) and Cost Variance % (CV%) obtained is ₹11,33,836.8 and 3.656%
respectively and both the values are positive hence it indicates that the project is under budget.
Cost Performance Index (CPI) obtained is 1.03 hence it shows that the project is within budget.
The project is updated in the 11th month from the starting date. According to the planned
schedule 64.70% of total was to be completed, but the actual work completed is 46.9%. the
project is thus delayed by 3.026 months. The project requires 3.026 months more for its
completion i.e. total project duration will be 20.026 months, if project is to be completed within
the planned duration it should be levelled and smoothened by increasing the number of labors
and providing the materials on time. From the study it is clear that Primavera P6 is an effective
tool for tracking the project progress, cost associated with progress and managing to avoid
delays. Primavera P6 eliminates lots of paper work unlike in the conventional method of
planning and scheduling. [2]
Mrs. Sangeetha H M et al. (2017) Worked on project of residential building inland edilon
(G+4) is concluded as per planning, scheduling and tracking using earned value analysis with
the statement as per planned. According to results obtained the project is still progressing and
delays with around four months as per plan. Schedule variance = Rs 6035015.42 since it is a
negative number this states that project is behind the schedule. Cost variance = Rs 935,822.00
since it is negative number; this states that project is over budgeted. Schedule performance
index = 0.98 Hence it is less than 1, the project is behind the schedule. Cost performance index
=1 Hence it is equal to 1, the project is going within budgeted cost. From all this statement they
concluded planning is a very important key function in any sector. [12]
Chiranjeevi D. S. et al. (2017) said that the Earn value management is a program evaluation
approach which is evaluated and tracks a project in better manner. This project report indicates
significance, execution and particular components of earned value management that
advantages extend director & eventually brings about project achievement. The project is
tracked on 3 durations. As on third tracking 138days are remaining to complete the activities,
the schedule performing 98% (SPI 0.98) as planned value under 1 show the project is under
running from planned schedule value. And cost performing 88% (CPI 0.88) as budgeted cost,
it shows the project cost is overrunning. Cost variance of project is -2,07,83,000 the negative
Studies in Indian Place Names ISSN: 2394-3114
(UGC Care Journal) Vol-40-Issue-50-March-2020
P a g e | 5057 Copyright ⓒ 2020 Authors
sign shows the project cost is over run. 93.09% of planned schedule is completed. Cost requires
to complete remaining activities is 1,28,96,196. To complete project on scheduled time the
project has to perform in 1.02% speed of planned value. [4]
S. M. B. Jaswanth et al. (2018) Based on the study approved the best features of Primavera
software in schedule controller techniques, it is concluded that primavera software can be used
to schedule the project and reduce project duration in the construction project. This research
helps to identify the defects in planning, scheduling process of the organization. A perfectly
planned project helps in reducing the loss of cost and time. Primavera software is a user-
friendly which provides user to perform any type of task, the cost of any individual work break
down a structure can be known along with duration. With help of Primavera software, 6% of
the schedule has been optimized compared to the originally planned schedule. After
optimization of cost, there is a variance of 2.9% in the cost compared to the originally planned
budget. [15]
Suvarna P. et al. (2018) Studied on the Construction started in January 2016. Duration of
Project as per baseline Schedule is 867 days. Tracking till June 2016 revealed 90% completion
of piling work and 100% Girder Reinforcement and over all completion of 16%. The Schedule
Variance, Cost Variance and CPI in addition to SPI were clearly indicated through Earned
Value Analysis. study is proved to be helpful in measuring time and cost performance of a
project in EVM. The study has enabled the analysis of the efficiency of various parameters
related to the progress of the project. [17]
Puli Pooja et al. (2018) Carried out the values obtained from the Primavera P6 software given
the satisfactory results which are very helpful for the project managers and the site engineers.
Earned Value Management system gives very help guidelines to the work.
Here Cost Variance is Rs. 204,116.33 has the positive value, indicates that the project is
under the budget. Here Schedule Variance is Rs. -860,923.00 has negative value, indicates that
the project is behind schedule. Cost Performance Index is 1.11, so the value obtained is more
than 1 that indicates the performance of the project is good. Schedule Performance Index is
0.70, so the value obtained is less than 1 that indicates that the project is behind the schedule.
The project is under planned durations; therefore, the overall project is behind the schedule and
could not spend the finances for the progress of the project due to natural disturbances and time
delay in construction because of rains. [14]
Shah Harsh et al. (2018) Give his opinion from the study: All project managers are aware of
earned value management to help cost control. Using this concept to track a real-time project
is extremely useful and gives an instant feel about the performance of the project. The expected
outcome of the project will show the difference in scheduled performance and actual
performance of the project for a particular period of observation. Based on the performance,
we can find the reasons for variance of schedule and variance of cost. also, we can predict the
future of the project. This study also indicated that EVM has significant value and presents
unique features that can benefit clients, consultants and contractors involved in the wide range
of construction industries. EVM keeps the project managers on alert on any mishaps to take
Studies in Indian Place Names ISSN: 2394-3114
(UGC Care Journal) Vol-40-Issue-50-March-2020
P a g e | 5058 Copyright ⓒ 2020 Authors
corrective actions on the right time. It also provides an efficient way to manage risks in a
construction projects and try to avoid them in future projects. [16]
Diana M. Franco-Duran et al. (2019) said that project management software has become an
essential tool for planning and control projects. Primavera P6 and Microsoft Project are two of
the most frequently used scheduling software in the construction industry. Although these
programs help users to develop the project plan and to report the project status, they do not
appropriate support the decision process when dealing with resource project allocations and
constraints. In order to mitigate the resource supply-demand problem, Resource-Constrained
Scheduling (RCS) techniques have been incorporated in Primavera P6 and MS Project. After
testing Primavera P6 versions (P6 v8.3.2 and P6 v16.1) and MS Project v2016, both software
packages still create phantom float in resource-constrained schedules because they do not apply
any algorithm to remove phantom float. The actual float values may be shorter than calculated
during RCS. This makes impossible the identification of the critical path and thus, the
anticipation of the impact of a delaying event in the project completion time. [6]
Denis C. Pinha et al. (2019) This paper presented a new approach to dynamic resource
allocation and project management. Typically, resource allocation problems are formulated
mathematically as an optimization problem, with an objective to minimize total project
duration, subject to a set of resource constraints. Such methods assume objective function and
resource constraints will remain constant during project duration. In addition, mathematical
formulation often simplifies the problem significantly in order to keep it mathematically
manageable. This paper presented a software tool based upon flexible discrete event simulation
to address the resource allocation problem. The objective of the software tool is to provide a
series of feasible solutions to the project manager, and let him/her determine the ‘‘best’’
solution under the present circumstances. Significant reduction in project duration and cost was
achieved for scenarios with flexible resource allocation. The proposed approach run scenarios
where human resources have multiple skills, where tasks have multiple modes, and where
human resources have multiple skills and tasks have multiple modes. For all the different
scenarios, the analysis of cost and project duration was provided. A comparison between the
different scenarios was made with the baseline scenario. The project duration is reduced from
275 to 218 days (57 fewer days), and total project cost is reduced from $14,347,972 to
$6,460,206, cost reduction of nearly 50%, amounting to $7,887,766. The scheduling method
incorporates inputs from the project manager. Project managers are highly knowledgeable
professionals and should be involved in the decision-making process. Techniques that
oversimplify the problem and neglect the importance of project managers often do not support
the day-to-day realities of project management. This work allows the project manager to
conduct ‘‘what if?’’-type analysis to evaluate decision’s impact on cost and schedule, prior to
implementing the decision. In this context, managerial decisions refer to actions such as
varying material availability (changing release dates and due dates), adjusting capacity levels
(altering the maximum number of working hours for specific resources, maintenance of
equipment), and authorizing overtime for specific workers. Typically, when making project
scheduling and resource allocation decisions, such realistic options are not taken into account,
mainly due to the lack of suitable tools for project planning. This research contributes to state
Studies in Indian Place Names ISSN: 2394-3114
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of the art in the area of project scheduling. A simulation tool was presented to solve a problem
which belongs to the class of Combinatorial Multi-mode Resource-Constrained Multi-project
Scheduling Problems. There are very limited tools that have successfully addressed the
resource allocation problem in a dynamic environment, involving multiple projects with
multiple task modes and multiple priorities. The resources can have multiple skill levels along
with multiple calendars. The resources can be renewable or non-renewable. The software tool
provides several useful metrics (resource utilization, waiting time, and resources responsible
of causing delays and increasing project cost) that can be used by the project manager to control
overall project cost and schedule. [5]
Hesham A. Abdel-Khalek et al. (2019) this study presents a simple procedure for claim
preparation using one of the most famous Oracle software, which is Primavera contract
management. Also, by the help of the Primavera P6, a delay analysis implemented for the case
of study. As claim preparation process takes a long time and efforts to collect required
documents by a large number of employers, this study shows how to reduce those resources
and efforts by tracking the project from the first day and through all the phases of the project.
After applying a case of study which contained 11 related claims in the same project and
entering all the project information and details in the PCM program, preparing any claim
become easier, and it can be done by calling one of the program reports or forms which is
automatically updating just when the user adds a new data or information in any required
module. Issue tool in the program is the winning card which the claimer depends on to complete
the preparation process. In addition to that, all the change orders are recorded with the smallest
details and it can easily be recalled any time through program reports. Delay analysis will be
remaining to be done with the help of the Primavera P6, which is already linked to the PCM,
and any changes in the P6 will appear in the PCM. Regarding to the studied project type, a
suitable delay analysis technique was selected in order to generate a correct delay and classify
them into 4 types. Also, the analysis was implemented from the contractor point of view and
from an owner point of view at the end of the project. Finally, and as a result from the study,
using Primavera contract management program through all the project phases will provide
arising claims, and even if there are new changes, the program will efficiently manage those
changes and these will result in saves rights for all stakeholders in the project who are involved
in the program. In conclusion, this study added a new method for tracking project documents
in order to mitigate or control construction claims and apply delay analysis using one of the
web-based programs which are Primavera contract management and Primavera P6. [7]
Mrs. K. Priya et al. (2019) Carried out on the best features of primavera in schedule control
techniques, it is concluded that primavera can be used to schedule project and reduce project
duration in the construction projects. Planning, analysis and design of G+13 multi-storey
residential building was done in primavera is Start date is 11 March 2019 and Finish date is 16
June 2022. Primavera P6 helps in effectively scheduling the project by assigning two
relationships at a time to each activity and considerably reduces the float. Resources allocated
to each activity can be allocated in effectively may it be in the form at Manpower, Machinery
or Material. Finally, the project compares all the schedule techniques and let us knows the
actual performance of the project, so as to take quick decision by the project manager in case
Studies in Indian Place Names ISSN: 2394-3114
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of schedule parameters. In case study decrease in duration is 13.03% which will increase in
project cost also. In a real time, project, solving schedule control using primavera P6 software
gives the best result can be realized. In project without touching any resources to optimizing,
the total duration using level of efforts, resource dependent and constraint have been reduced.
A real time project solved using this optimization software shows that best converging result
can be obtained. [11]
Abdul Aziz et al. (2019) Give his opinion financial and work management of any project
decided its successfulness. The study aimed to know difference between the manmade and
primavera software, in estimation of scheduling of financial and work management of a project
with help of primavera software. The estimated project completion time for G+4 building,
Osmania University, Hyderabadis formed 560 days by the contractor, which is approximately
equal to 18months, but the same project, precise planning, controlling implementation and
monitoring of every activity using primavera tool, the expected time of the project completion
is estimated to be 486 days only. The planning of various activities throughout the project run
would be optimum, then financial and work management can be done properly. The primavera
software P6 is a perfect and efficient tool for the project management and for the purpose of
monitoring and controlling of the various construction projects. [1]
Table 1: Literature Review Papers and its Comparison
No
Author
Utilization
Area
Location of
Project
SPI
Project
Performance
CPI
Financial
status
1
Andrew Fernans
Tom et al. (2013)
G+3 factory
building
Kothamangalam,
Kerala
0.89
Behind
schedule
1.05
Under cost
2
T. Subraman et
al. (2014)
apartment
Salem, Telangana
1.00
On schedule
0.93
Over cost
3
Abuzar Aftab
Shaikh et al.
(2016)
G+3 factory
building
Asangaon,
Maharashtra
0.82
Behind
schedule
1.03
Under cost
4
Mrs. Sangeetha H
M (2017)
G+4
apartment
Chickaballapur,
Karnataka
0.98
Behind
schedule
1.00
On cost
5
Chiranjeevi D S
et al. (2017)
G+10
apartment
Chickaballapur,
Karnataka
0.98
Behind
schedule
0.88
Over cost
6
Puli Pooja et al
(2018)
G+3
apartment
Hyderabad,
Telangana
0.70
Behind
schedule
1.11
Under cost
7
Suvarna P et al.
(2018)
Bridge
construction
Sanagapura,
Karnataka
1.00
On schedule
1.01
Under cost
8
Shah Harsh et al.
(2018)
Industrial
building
Anand, Gujrat
0.95
Behind
schedule
0.97
Over cost
9
Abdul Aziz et al.
(2019)
G+4
apartment
Hyderabad,
Telangana
1.0
On schedule
0.88
Over cost
Studies in Indian Place Names ISSN: 2394-3114
(UGC Care Journal) Vol-40-Issue-50-March-2020
P a g e | 5061 Copyright ⓒ 2020 Authors
Table 2: Project management methods with in software applications supporting project
management
Project Management Methods
Gantter
Project
Libre
MS
Project
Standard
2013
Easy
Project
Primavera
- Instantis
PPM tools
Phase: concept
Feasibility Study
o
x
CBA (Cost Benefit Analysis)
x
Financial Analysis and Evaluation of
Project
x
x
Logical Framework
x
Phase: planning
PBS (Product Breakdown Structure)
x
x
WBS (Work Breakdown Structure)
x
x
x
x
x
CPM (Critical Path Method)
x
x
x
x
MPM (Metra Potential Method)
x
CPM/COST (Critical Path Method/Cost)
x
PERT (Program Evaluation and Review
Technique)
x
x
x
GERT (Graphical Evaluation and
Review Technique)
x
Monte Carlo simulation
x
Gantt Chart
x
x
x
x
x
Critical Chain Method
x
Resource Breakdown Structure and
Resource Levelling
x
x
x
x
Responsibility Assignment Matrix
o
x
x
Stakeholders Analysis
o
x
RiBS (Risk Breakdown Structure)
o
x
Qualitative Risk Analysis
x
x
Quantitative Risk Analysis
x
x
Phase: implementation
EVM (Earned Value Management)
x
x
x
Phase: evaluation
Lessons Learned
o
x
x
McKinsey model of 7 S for Project
Evaluation
o
x
Phases concept, planning, implementation and evaluation
Agile Methods
o
x
x
Note: x - method is supported
o - method is partially supported
Source: Procedia - Social and Behavioural Sciences 210 (2015) pp.101
Studies in Indian Place Names ISSN: 2394-3114
(UGC Care Journal) Vol-40-Issue-50-March-2020
P a g e | 5062 Copyright ⓒ 2020 Authors
Conclusion:
Based on critical literature review, following conclusions are been made:
1) Planning, scheduling and tracking of any construction project can be done efficiently using
Primavera P6 software.
2) Management of multiple projects can be carried out efficiently using Primavera P6
software.
3) Primavera P6 helps in effectively scheduling the project by assigning two relationships at
a time to each activity and considerably reduces the float.
4) The Primavera P6 software is very useful in resource smoothing and resource levelling
operations.
5) Project management using Primavera P6 software is more efficient, less time consuming
and it requires less paperwork than conventional method.
6) The Primavera software provides detail information about cost control, time management,
working hour management, update and monitoring and delay of activities which enhance
effectiveness in delivering services.
7) The S-Curve lets us know the flow of resources against time and lets us to manage the
resources accordingly.
8) The Primavera software tracks the project in a better manner. With the use of earned value
performance indices such as Schedule Performance Index (SPI) and Cost Performance
Index (CPI) project progress can be tracked in a better manner.
9) The Primavera software helps in finding out critical activities of the project so that special
concern can be given to those activities and delay in the project can be avoided.
10) About 5% reduction in the cost of labour can be achieved using Primavera software.
References:
1) Abdul Aziz, Sanjeet Kumar (March 2019), “Financial and Work Management Analysis for
Residential Construction: A Case Study”, International Journal of Recent Technology and
Engineering (IJRTE), ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume 7, Issue 6, PP 893-897.
2) Abuzar Aftab Shaikh, Geetha K. Jayaraj, Ramya Raju (2016), “Time and Cost Analysis using
Project Planner Software”, International Journal of Recent Advances in Engineering & Technology
(IJRAET), e-ISSN: 2347 - 2812, Volume 4, Issue 4, PP 15-18.
3) Andrew Fernans Tom, Sachin Paul (March 2013), “Project Monitoring and Control using
Primavera”, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology
(IJIRSET), ISSN: 2319-8753, Volume 2, Issue 3, PP 762-771.
4) Chiranjeevi D. S., Dr. G. Narayana, Rajeeva S J (August 2018), “Analysis on Cost, Schedule and
Tracking of Residential Project by Earn Value Management Method Using Primavera P6”,
International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology (IJIRT), ISSN: 2349-6002, Volume 4,
Issue 3, PP 46-60.
5) Denis C. Pinha, Rashpal S. Ahluwalia (2019), “Flexible resource management and its effect on
project cost and duration”, Journal of Industrial Engineering International (springer), Volume 15,
PP 119-133.
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6) Diana M. Franco-Duran, Jesús M. de la Garza (March 2019), “Phantom float in commercial
scheduling software”, Automation in Construction (Elsevier B. V.), ISSN: 0926-5805, Volume 103,
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Automated As-planned Schedule System for Efficient Scheduling”, KSCE Journal of Civil
Engineering (Springer), e-ISSN: 1976-3808, Volume 20, Issue 4, PP 1131-1137.
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Management in Construction: Software Use and Research Directions”, American Society of civil
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10) Ming-Fung Francis Siu, Ming Lu, Simaan AbouRizk, Vincent Tidder (June 2016), “Quantitative
Assessment of Budget Sufficiency and Resource Utilization for Resource-Constrained Project
Schedules”, American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), ISSN: 0733-9364, PP 1-21.
11) Mrs. K. Priya, Mr. M. Kathiresan, D. Vengateshwari, M. Suriyakumari (March 2019), “Planning,
Analysis and Construction Scheduling of Apartment Building (G+13) By Using Primavera P6”,
International Journal of Scientific Development and Research (IJSDR), ISSN: 2455-2631, Volume
4, Issue 3, PP 204-2013.
12) Mrs. Sangeetha H M, Mr. Rajeeva S J, Dr. G. Narayana (May 2017), “Planning, Scheduling,
Tracking of Residential Building Using Primavera Software P6”, IJARIIE, e-ISSN: 2395-4396,
volume 3, Issue 4, PP 2360-2368.
13) Pethe Sarang S., Pramila Adavi (2012), “Application of Primavera in Construction Industry”,
International Journal of Advanced Technology in Civil Engineering (IJATCE), ISSN: 2231 –5721,
Volume-1, Issue-3&4, PP 16-17.
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High-Rise Building by Using Earned Value Management”, International Journal of Advance
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P a g e | 5064 Copyright ⓒ 2020 Authors
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Authors Biography:
Pankaj D. Varsani received his Bachelor of Technology in Civil
Engineering from Indus Institute of Technology & Engineering (IITE),
Indus University (Ahmedabad, Gujarat- India) in 2018. At present, he is
pursuing Master of Technology degree in Construction Engineering and
Management from Birla Vishwakarma Mahavidyalaya Engineering
College (Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat- India). He has published two
papers in international conference and journal.
Prof. Amitkumar N. Bhavsar graduate of B. V. M. Engineering
College, Sardar Patel University, with B. E. (Civil) in the year 1984. He
obtained his Master's degree, M. Tech (Civil) with specialization in
Building Science and Construction Management from the Indian
Institute of Technology (IIT), New Delhi in 1990. He has joined Civil
Engineering Department as Assistant Lecturer in the year 1985 and
presently working as Associate Professor at CED, BVM Engineering
College. He has guided many M. Tech (Civil), Construction Engineering
and Management students for their thesis work. He is currently persuing
his PhD in Construction Management at Charusat University, Changa.
He has published papers at conferences and in national & international
journals.
Dr. Jayeshkumar Pitroda received his Bachelor of Engineering Degree
in Civil Engineering from B. V. M. Engineering College, Sardar Patel
University in year 2000. In 2009 he received his M. Tech in Construction
Engineering and Management form B. V. M. Engineering college,
Sardar Patel University. In 2015 he received his Ph.D. Degree in Civil
Engineering from Sardar Patel University. He has joined Birla
Vishwakarma Mahavidyalaya Engineering College as a faculty in 2009,
where he is lecturer of Civil Engineering Department and at present
working as Associate Professor from February 2018 having total
experience of 19 years in the field of Research, Designing and
Education. At present holding charge of PG Coordinator Construction
Engineering and Management. He is guiding M.E. / M. Tech
(Construction Engineering and Management/ Construction Project
Management/ Environmental Engineering) thesis work in the field of
Civil / Construction Engineering/ Environmental Engineering. He is also
guiding Ph.D. students (Civil Engineering). He has published many
papers in National / International Conferences and Journals. He has
published Nine Research Books in the field of Civil Engineering.
