David Reid

University of Aberdeen | ABDN · Division of Applied Medicine

The National Osteoporosis Guideline Group (NOGG) has revised the UK guideline for the assessment and management of osteoporosis and the prevention of fragility fractures in postmenopausal women, and men age 50 years and older. Accredited by NICE, this guideline is relevant for all healthcare professionals involved in osteoporosis management. Intro...

Background A range of anti-modified protein antibodies (AMPAs) are associated with rheumatoid arthritis. We aimed to assess the relationship between AMPA profiles and radiographic progression in patients with new-onset rheumatoid arthritis. Methods In this cohort study, we obtained samples and data from the Scottish Early Rheumatoid Arthritis (SER...

Context and objective Incidence of prostate cancer (PC) is increasing, but androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and other therapies are substantially improving survival. In this context, careful consideration of skeletal health is required to reduce the risk of treatment-related fragility fractures and their associated morbidity and mortality. This r...

Background Anticholinergic burden (ACB) is a recognised risk factor for falls in older people; however, whether ACB in middle age predicts falls in later life is unknown. Methods We examined this association in the middle-aged women of the Aberdeen Prospective Osteoporosis Screening Study (APOSS). ACB was calculated at the second health visit (199...

Objectives: Responsive biomarkers are needed to assess the progression of OA and their lack has hampered previous clinical trials. Statistical shape modelling (SSM) from radiographic images identifies those at greatest risk of fast-progression or joint replacement, but its sensitivity to change has not previously been measured. This study evaluate...

Purpose Using a complexity-informed approach, we aim to understand why introduction of a mobile service delivery model for osteoporosis across diverse organisational and country contexts in the UK National Health Service (NHS) met with variable success. Design/methodology/approach Six comparative case studies; three prospectively in Scotland using...

Purpose: To examine the cross-sectional association between anticholinergic medication burden (ACB) and a history of falls, bone mineral density, and low trauma fractures in middle-aged women aged under 65 years from the Aberdeen Prospective Osteoporosis Screening Study. Methods: ACB (0 = none, 1 = possible, ≥2 = definite) was calculated from me...

Objective: Predicting who will develop osteoarthritis, assessing how rapidly their disease will progress and monitoring early responses to treatment are key to the development of therapeutic agents able to treat this crippling disease and to their future clinical use. Statistical Shape Modelling (SSM) enables quantification of variations in multip...

Bone turnover increases at the menopause and is associated with accelerated bone loss. However, it is not known to what extent there is an imbalance between the processes of bone resorption and bone formation, nor whether it is the rate of bone turnover or the bone balance that is most closely associated with the rate of bone loss. We studied 657 h...

Introduction In 2008, the UK National Osteoporosis Guideline Group (NOGG) produced a guideline on the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, with an update in 2013. This paper presents a major update of the guideline, the scope of which is to review the assessment and management of osteoporosis and the prevention of fragility fractures in postme...

INTRODUCTION: In 2008, the UK National Osteoporosis Guideline Group (NOGG) produced a guideline on the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, with an update in 2013. This paper presents a major update of the guideline, the scope of which is to review the assessment and management of osteoporosis and the prevention of fragility fractures in postm...

Objectives.: To assess the prevalences across Europe of radiological indices of degenerative inter-vertebral disc disease (DDD); and to quantify their associations with, age, sex, physical anthropometry, areal BMD (aBMD) and change in aBMD with time. Methods.: In the population-based European Prospective Osteoporosis Study, 27 age-stratified sam...

Objectives.: To assess the prevalences across Europe of radiological indices of degenerative inter-vertebral disc disease (DDD); and to quantify their associations with, age, sex, physical anthropometry, areal BMD (aBMD) and change in aBMD with time. Methods.: In the population-based European Prospective Osteoporosis Study, 27 age-stratified sample...

Background The Scottish Early Rheumatoid Arthritis (SERA) study is an inception cohort of rheumatoid (RA) and undifferentiated arthritis (UA) patients that aims to provide a contemporary description of phenotype and outcome and facilitate discovery of phenotypic and prognostic biomarkers Methods Demographic and clinical outcome data are collected f...

Context: Current approaches to antenatal vitamin D supplementation do not account for interindividual differences in 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) response. Objective: We assessed which maternal and environmental characteristics were associated with 25(OH)D after supplementation with cholecalciferol. Design: Within-randomization-group analysis...

Background Selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors and conventional non-selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsNSAIDs) have been associated with adverse cardiovascular (CV) effects. We compared the CV safety of switching to celecoxib vs. continuing nsNSAID therapy in a European setting. Method Patients aged 60 years and over with osteoar...

Maternal vitamin D status has been associated with bone mass of offspring in many, but not all, observational studies. However, maternal vitamin D repletion during pregnancy has not yet been proven to improve offspring bone mass in a randomised controlled trial. We aimed to assess whether neonates born to mothers supplemented with vitamin D during...

Objective: To identify baseline prognostic factors of one year disability within a contemporary early inflammatory arthritis inception cohort and then develop a clinically useful tool which may support early patient education and decision making. Methods: The Scottish Early Rheumatoid Arthritis (SERA) inception cohort is a prospective multicentr...

Under current guidelines, based on prior fracture probability thresholds, inequalities in access to therapy arise especially at older ages (≥70 years) depending on the presence or absence of a prior fracture. An alternative threshold (a fixed threshold from the age of 70 years) reduces this disparity, increases treatment access and decreases the ne...

In 27 centres across Europe, the prevalence of deforming spinal Scheuermann's disease in age-stratified population-based samples of over 10,000 men and women aged 50+ averaged 8 % in each sex, but was highly variable between centres. Low DXA BMD was un-associated with Scheuermann's, helping the differential diagnosis from osteoporosis. This study a...

There are no consistent data on the prevalence and bone status of normocalcaemic hypoparathyroidism (NHYPO) as defined by normal adjusted calcium and low PTH level. Our aim was to determine the prevalence and the metabolic bone profile of NHYPO in older women, assessing its evolution over time. The second objective was to evaluate the prevalence of...

Advances in image quality from modern dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanners now allow near radiograph-like quality images at a low radiation dose. This opens potential new applications for the use of DXA scanners to study other musculoskeletal conditions, such as osteoarthritis, which is often investigated by visual assessment of radiogra...

Dietary modification may affect inflammatory processes and protect against chronic disease. In the present study, we examined the relationship between dietary patterns, circulating carotenoid and tocopherol concentrations, and biomarkers of chronic low-grade systemic inflammation in a 10-year longitudinal study of Scottish postmenopausal women. Die...

There are occasional marked discordances in BMD T-scores at the lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN). We investigated whether such discordances could contribute independently to fracture prediction using FRAX. We studied 21,158 women, average age 63 years, from 10 prospective cohorts with baseline FRAX variables as well as FN and LS BMD. Inciden...

Background Dual energy Xray absorptiometry (DXA) scanners are used to assess osteoporosis but recently, DXA images have also been shown to adequately assess osteoarthritis (OA) and Active Shape modelling (ASM) to predict hip OA progression1. AAM is an extension of ASM incorporating information on both bone shape and density. Objectives To identify...

Purposes: The aim of this study was to analyse how well FRAXH predicts the risk of major osteoporotic and vertebral fractures over 6 years in postmenopausal women from general population. Patients and methods: The OPUS study was conducted in European women aged above 55 years, recruited in 5 centers from random population samples and followed over...

Few year-long vitamin D supplementation trials exist that match seasonal changes. The aim of this study was to determine whether daily oral vitamin D3 at 400 IU or 1000 IU compared with placebo affects annual BMD change in postmenopausal women in a 1-year double blind placebo controlled trial in Scotland. Caucasian women aged 60-70 y (n = 305) were...

Osteoporosis and consequent fragility fractures represent a significant burden of disease worldwide, and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. With a growing elderly population this is expected to rise with substantial implications in terms of healthcare resources. Diagnosis of osteoporosis is conventionally based upon a reductio...

Vitamin D may affect skeletal muscle function. In a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial, we found that vitamin D3 supplementation (400 or 1,000 I.U. vs. placebo daily for 1 year with bimonthly study visits) does not improve grip strength or reduce falls. This study aimed to test the supplementation effects of vitamin D3 on physical f...

The objective of this study was to consider whether Trabecular Bone Score (TBS) improves on areal bone mineral density (aBMD) measurement alone for the prediction of incident fractures in postmenopausal women. The OPUS study was conducted in ambulatory European women aged above 55years, recruited in 5 centres followed over 6years. For the assessmen...

Since the launch in 2008 by the National Osteoporosis Guideline Group (NOGG), of guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and older men in the UK there have been significant advances in risk assessment and treatment. These have been incorporated into an updated version of the guideline, with an additional fo...

Objective: To determine the association between brain white matter (WM) damage and persistent fatigue among patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). Methods: A case-control MRI study was conducted. Both cases, defined as GPA patients with chronic fatigue, and controls, defined as GPA patients without fatigue, underwent MRI brain sca...

Objective. Long-term glucocorticoid use is accompanied by rapid bone loss; however, early treatment with bisphosphonates prevents bone loss and reduces fracture risk. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of two bisphosphonates, i.v. zoledronic acid (ZOL) versus oral risedronate (RIS), on bone turnover markers (BTMs) in subjects with glu...

Objectives: To contextualise and identify the determinants of poor health related quality of life (QOL) among patients with antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA) associated vasculitis (AAV). Methods: A multicentre AAV case-control study was conducted using two matched groups of population and chronic disease controls. Measures of physical and...

Objective: A common population sampling frame in countries with universal health care is health service registers. We have evaluated the use of such a register, in the United Kingdom, against a commercially available database claiming large population coverage, an alternative that offers ease of access and flexibility of use. Study design and set...

Vitamin D has been linked with many health outcomes. The aim of this longitudinal study, was to assess predictors of seasonal variation of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D) (including use of supplements and holidays in sunny destinations) at a northerly latitude in the UK (57°N) in relation to bone health indicators. 365 healthy postmenopausal women (...

Purpose: There is a continuing need to improve the prediction of hip fractures to identify those at highest risk, enabling cost-effective use of preventative therapies. Methods: The aim of this work was to validate an innovative imaging biomarker for hip fracture by modelling the shape and texture of the proximal femur assessed from dual energy...

Multiple diagnostic tests are often available for a disease. Their diagnostic accuracy may depend on the characteristics of testing subjects. The investigators propose a new tree-structured data-mining method that identifies subgroups and their corresponding diagnostic tests to achieve the maximum area under the receiver-operating characteristic cu...

Background/objectives: In vitro studies demonstrate that bone is degraded in an acidic environment due to chemical reactions and through effects on bone cells. Clinical evidence is insufficient to unequivocally resolve whether the diet net acid or base load bone affects breakdown in humans. Increasing dietary salt (sodium chloride, NaCl) mildly in...

Context: Selenium status may have direct effects on bone and indirect effects through changes in thyroid hormone sensitivity. Objective: We hypothesized that variation in selenium status in healthy euthyroid postmenopausal women is associated with differences in bone turnover, bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture susceptibility. Design: The...

Context: Observational studies show an association between low vitamin D status assessed by circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D and cardiovascular events and mortality. Data from randomized controlled trials are limited. Objective: The aim of this study was to test whether daily doses of vitamin D(3) at 400 or 1000 IU/d for 1 yr affected conventiona...

It is with great sadness that I report the passing of my colleague and friend, Philip Sambrook, who died after a fight against ocular melanoma on 31st March 2012. Philip will not only be remembered as the first Editor-in-Chief of this journal, but also for his major clinical and scientific contributions to the field of rheumatology in general and o...

Some, but not all, studies have found that low endogenous estradiol levels in postmenopausal women are predictive of fractures. The aim of this study was to examine the roles of endogenous estradiol (E(2)), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) in the prediction of incident vertebral and nonvertebral fractu...

Bone mineral density (BMD) is the most widely used predictor of fracture risk. We performed the largest meta-analysis to date on lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD, including 17 genome-wide association studies and 32,961 individuals of European and east Asian ancestry. We tested the top BMD-associated markers for replication in 50,933 independent su...

Bone mineral density (BMD) is the most widely used predictor of fracture risk. We performed the largest meta-analysis to date on lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD, including 17 genome-wide association studies and 32,961 individuals of European and east Asian ancestry. We tested the top BMD-associated markers for replication in 50,933 independent su...

In order to interpret bone turnover markers (BTMs), we need to establish healthy reference intervals. It is difficult to establish reference intervals for older women because they commonly suffer from diseases or take medications that affect bone turnover. The aims of this study were: (1) to identify diseases and drugs that have a substantial effec...

Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) measurement variables vary between European countries in a different way to hip bone mineral density. Standardization of data can be achieved through statistical approaches to reduce any between-center differences in QUS measurement variables. However, further validation of this method is required before it can be wide...

The aims of this study were to describe the changes in bone turnover markers (BTMs) in response to lasofoxifene therapy; to describe the changes in BTMs in the individual; and to examine the relationships between BTM levels on treatment and treatment outcomes. Women (n=1126) aged 59-80years with femoral neck or spine bone mineral density T-scores ≤...

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) shares some similar clinical and pathological features with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA); indeed, the strategy of investigating whether RA susceptibility loci also confer susceptibility to JIA has already proved highly successful in identifying novel JIA loci. A plethora of newly validated RA loci has been reported...

The P2X7 receptor gene (P2RX7) is highly polymorphic with five previously described loss-of-function (LOF) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP; c.151+1G>T, c.946G>A, c.1096C>G, c.1513A>C and c.1729T>A) and one gain-of-function SNP (c.489C>T). The purpose of this study was to determine whether the functional P2RX7 SNPs are associated with lumbar sp...

Silicon (Si), as Si(OH)(4), is derived mainly from plant-based foods. Dietary Si is associated with bone mineral density (BMD) in premenopausal but not postmenopausal women. To examine the association between Si intake and markers of bone health in middle-aged women and to test for interaction with oestrogen status. Femoral neck (FN) and lumbar spi...

Previously, active shape modelling (ASM) of the proximal femur was shown to identify those individuals at highest risk of developing radiographic OA. Here we determine whether ASM predicts the need for total hip replacement (THR) independent of Kellgren-Lawrence grade (KLG) and other known risk factors. A retrospective cohort study of 141 subjects...

We studied 265 men (mean age 56.4 years; range 18-83 years), among patients enrolled in two arms of a double-blind, 1-year study comparing the effects of zoledronic acid (ZOL) with risedronate (RIS) in patients either commencing (prednisolone 7.5 mg/day or equivalent) (prevention arm, n=88) or continuing glucocorticoid therapy (treatment arm, n=177...

This study summarizes the treatment effect of zoledronic acid infusion on lumbar spine bone mineral density in different subgroups with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Zoledronic acid is significantly more effective than risedronate in increasing lumbar spine (LS) bone mineral density (BMD) in both prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-in...

Following their introduction in the 1990s, bisphosphonates have become the mainstay of treatment in the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis, and their use continues to rise. Commonly noted adverse effects in clinical practice include gastrointestinal side-effects, acute phase reactions (predominately seen with intravenous preparations) cutane...

We observed similar prevalence of short vertebral height without endplate depression (SVH) in young women aged 20-39 years and older women aged 55-79 years. There was no association between SVH and low bone density. In older women, therefore, SVH may be largely long standing and not indicative of osteoporotic fracture. Algorithm-based qualitative (...

Flavonoids are bioactive polyphenols found particularly in fruit and vegetables, but little is known about their role in bone health in humans. The aim of this observational study was to investigate whether dietary flavonoid intake was associated with bone mineral density (BMD) and bone resorption in a large group of perimenopausal Scottish women....

Genomic control findings. The genomic inflation factor (λ) when reported as the median χ2 was 1.0282. (0.36 MB TIF)

SNP association plots for OP-associated regions. Discovery cohort association significance level is plotted against the left hand y-axis as -log10(P-values). Genetic coordinates are as per NCBI build 36.1. Filled circles represent genotyped SNPs, and outlined diamonds represent imputed SNPs. The recombination rate (cM/Mb as per HapMap data) is indi...

Replication cohort fracture data. (0.04 MB DOC)

Manhattan plot of discovery genome-wide association study findings for BMD at total hip. P = 10−5 is indicated by a blue horizontal line. (0.51 MB TIF)

Replication study SNPs, beta coefficients and P-values for analysis of TH, FN and LS. The regression coefficient in the case-control analysis of TH in the discovery set shows the expected increase in the log odds ratio of low BMD per addition of allele A2. The regression coefficients in the TH, FN and LS analyses refer to the expected increase in s...

Descriptive statistics for discovery cohort. (0.06 MB DOC)

Case numbers for the discovery cohort, with BMD affection status and fracture history. (0.05 MB DOC)

Replication cohort details. (0.04 MB DOC)

Association findings in AOGC discovery set for markers achieving genome-wide significant association with BMD in previous studies. The regression coefficient in the TH analysis shows the expected increase in the log odds ratio of low BMD per addition of allele A2. The regression coefficients in the FN and LS analyses refer to the expected increase...

Osteoporotic fracture is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Low bone mineral density (BMD) is a major predisposing factor to fracture and is known to be highly heritable. Site-, gender-, and age-specific genetic effects on BMD are thought to be significant, but have largely not been considered in the design of genome-wide associati...

The aim of this study was to determine whether oral vitamin D3 at daily doses of 10 or 25 lg affected seasonal blood pressure measurements. Postmenopausal women (n = 305 recruited; mean age SD 63.8 2.2 years) took part in a double blind placebo-controlled trial (ISRCTN20328039) to receive either 10 or 25 lg vitamin D3 or placebo daily for 12 months...

Osteoporotic fracture is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Low bone mineral density (BMD) is a major predisposing factor to fracture and is known to be highly heritable. Site-, gender-, and age-specific genetic effects on BMD are thought to be significant, but have largely not been considered in the design of genome-wide associati...

Sarcopenia is the loss of muscle size and function during ageing. The aim of this study was to test whether serum concentrations of myostatin and interacting proteins (GASP-1, FLRG, and follistatin) differed between young and elderly sarcopenic men. Isometric knee extensor maximal voluntary contraction and quadriceps cross-sectional area (magnetic...

UV radiation is responsible for vitamin D synthesis and skin tanning. Longitudinal data relating skin color to vitamin D status are lacking. Our objective was to determine whether seasonal facial skin color changes are related to changes in 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]. We conducted a prospective observational cohort study (Aberdeen Nutrition Sunl...

Environmental disorders associated with vitamin D deficiency include musculoskeletal disorders (childhood rickets, osteomalacia, and fractures), and may include extraskeletal disorders (diabetes, cardiovascular disease, risk of falls, and cancer). There is high interindividual variability in the occurrence of both musculoskeletal and extraskeletal...

We observed higher proximal femur bone mineral density (BMD) in European women compared to average values derived from US Caucasian women in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) study. Across European centres, Parisian women had lower proximal femur BMD compared to women from Kiel or Sheffield. Proximal femur BMD of US adul...

Several nutrients affect bone turnover. Dietary patterns may provide insights into which foods are important and how nutrition affects bone health. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between dietary patterns, bone turnover and bone mineral density (BMD). This cross-sectional study examined 3236 Scottish women age 50-59 years,...

The most consistent finding derived from the WTCCC GWAS for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was association to a SNP at 6q23. We performed a fine-mapping of the region in order to search the 6q23 region for additional disease variants. 3962 RA patients and 3531 healthy controls were included in the study. We found 18 SNPs associated with RA. The SNP show...