ArticlePDF AvailableLiterature Review

Health Psychology

February 1985
Annual Review of Psychology 36(1):349-83

February 1985
36(1):349-83

DOI:10.1146/annurev.ps.36.020185.002025

Source
PubMed

Authors:

David S. Krantz

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

Neil E Grunberg

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

Several scientific and health-care developments contributed to the fo rmal emergence of health psychology. Many of these factors are intertwined with the growth of behavioral medicine and are reviewed in Neal Miller's (1983) Annual Review chapter, in papers by Matarazzo (1980, 1982), and in recent reports on health and behavior prepared by the Institute of Medicine (Hamburg et al 1982) and the National Research Council (Krantz et al 1982). While "behavioral medicine" is considered to be an interdisciplinary field bringing together biomedical and behavioral knowledge relevant to health and disease (Schwartz & Weiss 1978, Miller 1983), "health psychology" refers to psychology's role in this domain (e.g. Matarazzo 1980). In this chapter, we describe some of the major scientific and health-care developments which have fostered a broadened role for psychologists in issues of physical health. We highlight mechanisms linking behavior to health and illness and key issues and research areas at the forefront of study in health psychology. (PDF) Health Psychology. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/19277831_Health_Psychology [accessed Jan 17 2022].

Relapse rates for addictive behaviors fo llowing treatment. Reproduced with permission of Journal of Clinical Psychology (Hunt et al 1971).

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Figure J Factors affecting diffe rent stages in the development of smoking. Reproduced with permission of British Journal of Diseases of the Chest (Stepney 1980).

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  

HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY 

    

       

 



    

   

       

   

  

       

       

    

   

  

 

   

   

  

     

  

 

  

  

    

        

  

  

 

 

   

     

   

   

           

  



Annu. Rev. Psychol. 1985.36:349-383. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org

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  

      

   

    

     

         

 

       

    

   

  

     



   

        

           



   

         

 

      



      



          

     



            

   

  



  

         

  

  

         



  



    



         

         

Annu. Rev. Psychol. 1985.36:349-383. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org

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  

   



 



         

          

       



            





 

       

   

  



       



        

          

     

           

      

  

          

   

   

         

      

     

         

  



       









     





  

           

Annu. Rev. Psychol. 1985.36:349-383. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org

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 



 

 



  



   

 

      





          

         





 



 

  

         

   

     



    



 

  







          



  

  

           

  



        

Annu. Rev. Psychol. 1985.36:349-383. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org

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  



 

    

         

         







    

           

     

         



  





 









     

            

             

         



 

          







        

 

 



     

          



      

Annu. Rev. Psychol. 1985.36:349-383. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org

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  

      

   



 

     

         

 

 



  

 

      

 

  

           

         

 



    

         

    

  

     

     

           

 

  





       

 

 

          

 

         

        



        

    





        

Annu. Rev. Psychol. 1985.36:349-383. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org

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 



      

  

         



      



      

    



     





   



 

 

   

 

        

        



  





     



    





 

        

      

  

     

 

 



      



 

Annu. Rev. Psychol. 1985.36:349-383. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org

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 

 

       



        

      

        

           

   

          



 



  

     



        

         

  





 



    

  





      

   

  

        

           

       

    

 

  



    

   

        



          

Annu. Rev. Psychol. 1985.36:349-383. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org

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 

         

          

 

     



   

   

          

     

         



       



    

      

  

   

            



   

         

       



       

 



       



    



           

          





       

 

       





Annu. Rev. Psychol. 1985.36:349-383. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org

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  

 

 



    

 



           

  

        

    

 

         

         

        

         

      

         

   

 

  



   

         

         

 



  

 

        

        

       



           



    

 

    

       

 

 

           

Annu. Rev. Psychol. 1985.36:349-383. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org

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 

         





          

       

        



  

             









       

          

        





  

 

 



 

 

  

   

  

          

 

        

 

      



  

  





  



Annu. Rev. Psychol. 1985.36:349-383. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org

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  



     

         

     





  



           



 



        

 

  





         









     

  

         

 



 

         







       

          

    

  

         

    

 

    

Annu. Rev. Psychol. 1985.36:349-383. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org

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 

         

         

   

        

        



    

      

         

     

     

  

        

     



        

          

         

 

      

 



 



 

      

 

         



 





     

        



      



     

  



Annu. Rev. Psychol. 1985.36:349-383. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org

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  



         

 

          

     



   

         







 

    



       

 



        



          





 



  

         

     

         

 







  

           





 

    

    

 

       



Annu. Rev. Psychol. 1985.36:349-383. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org

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 

 

        



        

    



   









 

       





      

      

        

    

 



   

  

         



 

  

  

             



    

 



        



          



   

          

 

 

        

Annu. Rev. Psychol. 1985.36:349-383. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org

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  

 

 

    

          

 

  



  

  

         

    

         

 



        

  



         

       

 

       







          







      



 

          

  





   



    

        

Annu. Rev. Psychol. 1985.36:349-383. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org

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 

         

       

    





 



    





       

     

        

         

         

      

     



          

          

       



   







 



    

 

 

 



  

        

  





 

    

       

Annu. Rev. Psychol. 1985.36:349-383. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org

Access provided by Uniformed Services University on 12/18/21. For personal use only.

 

 

  

          

     

    

     

   



       



 

   





 

 



       



         

         





           



 

    



Annu. Rev. Psychol. 1985.36:349-383. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org

Access provided by Uniformed Services University on 12/18/21. For personal use only.

 

 



  

 

  

   



   

  

         

  

     

 





 

         



         

  

            

  

         

  









  

   



 

 



         

          



 

 

Annu. Rev. Psychol. 1985.36:349-383. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org

Access provided by Uniformed Services University on 12/18/21. For personal use only.

   

 

  

  





 



        

     



 

 

       

   

    



  

       

      



      

    

   



  

     

   

  

    



         

        

          

         

      

       

 

       



 



Annu. Rev. Psychol. 1985.36:349-383. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org

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 

  

       

 

         

 



        

   

        

  



          



       

      

 

       

    

          



 

         







     



          



        



  

       







 

    

        



       



 

Annu. Rev. Psychol. 1985.36:349-383. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org

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 

  

           





      



         

  

         

 

  



    



 

 



     





   

  

  











  

   

        

 





        



          



    

      



Annu. Rev. Psychol. 1985.36:349-383. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org

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 

      

    

 

  

   

  



      

       

        



  

    

           



 





 



  

      

         

          





        

 

          





   

    



 





    





          

Annu. Rev. Psychol. 1985.36:349-383. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org

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    

        

         

 

     

  

   



        

  

  



        

          

    

  

        

         



 

 

     

      



        

 

     



           

        

   

 

       

 

  

  

   





      

Annu. Rev. Psychol. 1985.36:349-383. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org

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  

   

         



 

 

 

          

  

     

      

       

        

       

  

   

    

 

  

 

 



 







 





 







 





            



   

   

Annu. Rev. Psychol. 1985.36:349-383. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org

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  

         



      

        

      

 

         







 

 

  



        



     







  

        



  

          

 

    





     

        

        

     

  

           





  



    

     

 

Annu. Rev. Psychol. 1985.36:349-383. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org

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 

       





        

      



  







 



     



 



 

   







 

        

  

  





   

  

       

 



 

       

   

 

        

      

 

     



         



Annu. Rev. Psychol. 1985.36:349-383. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org

Access provided by Uniformed Services University on 12/18/21. For personal use only.

  

    



  





      











        

  

            

 



       

  

  

        

     

 

  





 

         

   

   

        



     

 

 



    

  

  



      

Annu. Rev. Psychol. 1985.36:349-383. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org

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  

  

         

   



        



 

        

     

         



        

        

 

        

          







          

         





 

 

 

    

 

      

 

       

    

      

   

 

     

 



      

 



   



     

      



  



     

   

    

 

 



     



  

 

 

   

   



   

    

    

  

     

 



 

Annu. Rev. Psychol. 1985.36:349-383. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org

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  



 



   

   

      

 

  



   



     

 

 

 

     



     

 

  

  

 

  





    

     



  

    





 

    





   

  

      



     

     

    

  

   

   

       

    



   

     

  

  

 

   

     

  

     

     

    

    



  



   

  

   

 

     



 

 

      

    

  

      



  

 

   

    



  

      

   





    

    



     

   

  

     



      



  

 





   

    





    

 

  



   



    

      

  

 

 

 

 



   

 

   

  

       

 

     

Annu. Rev. Psychol. 1985.36:349-383. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org

Access provided by Uniformed Services University on 12/18/21. For personal use only.



 

      





   

      



  

     



 



 

   

    

  

   

  

    

    



 

    

    

    

     

    

    



      



   

     

  

 

     

  

     

 

   



 





  

  



  

  

  

 

 

 



    

     

    



      

   



     

 



  

     



     

  

  

  





   

     

    

    

       

  

     

  

     

  

    

 

     

  

  

     

     

     



  

 

      

    

     

     

      

 

    

  

 

 

     

  

   

   

   

    

 

      

   

   

      

    



      

  

   

      

    

     

 

    



Annu. Rev. Psychol. 1985.36:349-383. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org

Access provided by Uniformed Services University on 12/18/21. For personal use only.

    

     

 

     

   



     

 

    



    

    



  

    

   

      



  

      



  

   

     

     

   



       

    

     



   



   







   

  

   

  

 

     

 

    

   

    

      





 

     

     

    



     

     

 



      

 

    

    

  



  

     

  

     

    



    

    

     

 



    

 

 

    

 

    

   

    

    

    

   

  

   

 

  

 

 

   

    



 

     

    

   

     



      





 

 

    

 

  

   



   

   



   

  

   



    

 

   

    

    

     





Annu. Rev. Psychol. 1985.36:349-383. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org

Access provided by Uniformed Services University on 12/18/21. For personal use only.

    

     

   

  

     

  

       

 

   





   

    

 



    

   

      

  

  

      

    



 

    

     

    

   

 

    

    



     

     



     

 

   

    

     

 

   

 



      

  

 

   



 

    

  



  

   



  

   

  



     

  

     

 

   



      



     





 



     

   



    

    



     

    

   

  

 



      

     



      

 

  

   

    



      

     

  

     

    



    

    

    

  

     

    

   

  

    

  

    

 



       

    

 

  

   

   

   

  

      

     



   

     

  

Annu. Rev. Psychol. 1985.36:349-383. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org

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   





 

   



 

    

    

  

  

     

 

     

  

     



    



  

 

    

       



  

     

     

      



 

      

    

  

    

   

  

   

      



  

   

 





    

      



    

    

  

       



    

     

    

 

  

 

  

  

 

 

  

 





     

    

  

     

 

  

    

  

 

  

  

      

 

     





    

   



      



     

   

   

    

 

      



    

  

     

   

   

  



   

 

   

  

 

    

    

     

 

       

  



    

     

   

   



    

  



 

 

      



     

 

Annu. Rev. Psychol. 1985.36:349-383. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org

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      

   

     



     

     

    

     



     

  

     

    

  

    

  

      

 

 

       

    

 

  

  

      



 

     

    

 

 

    

  

     



    

   

Annu. Rev. Psychol. 1985.36:349-383. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org

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Healthcare professional–patient communication

Chapter

Jan 2001

John Weinman

The Impact of Prenatal Maternal Stress and Optimistic Disposition on Birth Outcomes in Medically High-Risk Women

Article

Full-text available

Nov 2000

A sizable body of evidence indicates that prenatal maternal stress (PNMS) has an adverse impact on birth outcomes, including birth weight and gestational age at delivery. The authors hypothesized that effects of PNMS are attributable in part to dispositions such as pessimism that lead women to view their lives as stressful and that effects of PNMS and disposition on birth outcome are mediated by prenatal health behaviors. Using structural equations modeling procedures, the authors examined prospective impact of PNMS and dispositional optimism on birth weight and gestational age in a medically high-risk sample (N = 129), controlling for effects of risk and ethnicity. After its strong inverse association with optimism was accounted for, PNMS had no impact on birth outcomes. Women who were least optimistic delivered infants who weighed significantly less, controlling for gestational age. Optimists were more likely to exercise, and exercise was associated with lower risk of preterm delivery. Results suggest that chronic stress in pregnancy may be a reflection of underlying dispositions that contribute to adverse birth outcomes.

Analysis of the Association Between Marital Relationships and Health Problems: An Interactional Perspective

Article

Full-text available

Jul 1992

This article reviews the evidence for a relationship between 3 types of marital variables (marital status, marital adjustment, and marital interaction) and health problems (etiology, course/outcome/treatment) as well as the effect that health problems have on marriage. The mechanisms responsible for these associations also are evaluated. The evidence suggests that marital variables affect health status but that the effect is indirect and nonspecific. The major explanatory model, the stress/social support hypothesis, has provided a broad conceptual framework rather than testable hypotheses. The results of the review suggest, however, that sufficient evidence exists for researchers to focus on exploring specific explanations. A hypothetical model is presented that includes interpersonal, intrapersonal, psychological, and physiological variables. This model is intended as a blueprint for exploration as well as a summary of available evidence.

Behavior as the Central Outcome in Health Care

Article

Full-text available

Nov 1990

Robert M. Kaplan

A predominant justification for health psychology and behavioral medicine is that behavior or environmental conditions affect a biological process. Thus, many investigators focus attention on the effects of behavior on cell pathology and blood chemistry. This article argues that behavioral outcomes are the most important consequences in studies of health care and medicine. These outcomes include longevity, health-related quality of life, and symptomatic complaints. Traditional measures in biomedical science often have limited reliability and validity. Their validity is demonstrated only through relationships with longevity, role performance, behavioral functioning, and symptomatic experience, and these correlations are often modest. A model is proposed to guide future investigations. Biological, environmental, and psychological variables are included in the model as predictors or mediators of behavioral health outcomes. Recognizing that health outcomes are behavioral directs intervention toward whatever method produces the most health benefit at the lowest cost.

Impact of Perceived Self-Efficacy in Coping With Stressors on Components of the Immune System

Article

Full-text available

Nov 1990

This experiment examined the impact of experimentally varied perceived self-efficacy in exercising control over stressors on components of the immunological system. Immunological changes while coping with phobic stressors were measured within an intrasubject control design that included a baseline phase, an efficacy-acquisition phase, and a maximal-efficacy phase. In each of these phases, perceived coping self-efficacy, level of autonomic and endocrine activation, and several components of the immunological system were measured. Development of strong perceived self-efficacy to control phobic stressors had an immunoenhancing effect. A slow growth of perceived self-efficacy, heart rate acceleration, and cortisol activation attenuated immunological system status during the efficacy-acquisition phase. Rapid growth of perceived self-efficacy also predicted maintenance of immunoenhancement during the maximal perceived self-efficacy phase.

Life Stressors, Resistance Factors, and Improved Psychological Functioning: An Extension of the Stress Resistance Paradigm

Article

Full-text available

May 1990

This study applied a set of factors previously identified as being linked with stress resistance to the prediction of both stable and improved psychological functioning over a 1-year interval with more than 400 community-resident adults. Stable psychological functioning under high stressors is predicted at the beginning of the year by personal and social resources that are linked to functioning through their influence on increased approach coping during the year. In contrast, improved psychological functioning under low stressors is predicted directly by initial resources. As predicted by crisis theory, improved functioning under high stressors is related to an increase in resources during the year. The findings are discussed in the context of an extension of the stress-resistance paradigm beyond illness prevention toward a general, adaptively oriented health framework.

Self-Complexity as a Cognitive Buffer Against Stress-Related Illness and Depression

Article

Full-text available

Apr 1987

Patricia W. Linville

This prospective study tested the self-complexity buffering hypothesis that greater self-complexity moderates the adverse impact of stress on depression and illness. This hypothesis follows from a model that assumes self-knowledge is represented in terms of multiple self-aspects. As defined in this model, greater self-complexity involves representing the self in terms of a greater number of cognitive self-aspects and maintaining greater distinctions among self-aspects. Subjects completed measures of stressful events, self-complexity, depression, and illness in two sessions separated by 2 weeks. A multiple regression analysis used depression and illness at Time 2 as outcomes, stressful life events and self-complexity at Time 1 as predictors, and depression and illness at Time 1 as control variables. The Stress × Self-Complexity interaction provided strong support for the buffering hypothesis. Subjects higher in self-complexity were less prone to depression, perceived stress, physical symptoms, and occurrence of the flu and other illnesses following high levels of stressful events. These results suggest that vulnerability to stress-related depression and illness is due, in part, to differences in cognitive representations of the self.

Financial Debts and Subjective Well‐Being of Young Adults: An Adaption of the Stress Process Model

Article

Full-text available

Sep 2023

Using a stress process theoretical framework, this paper examines the relationship between financial debts and the subjective well‐being of young adults and the role of social and personal resources in the mechanism. The analyses include 2348 young adults from the 2017 Transition into Adulthood Supplement study of Panel Study of Income Dynamics, using the structural equation modeling method. We found that when faced with student loans as a stress exposure, young adults' social resources (financial support and social participation) and personal psychological resources (self‐esteem) may act in different ways explaining life satisfaction and subjective well‐being. Having student loans increased the likelihood of receiving financial support from family and social activity participation, while also boosting one's self‐esteem. However, financial support as a social resource was negatively associated with young adults' life satisfaction and subjective well‐being, whereas self‐esteem as a personal resource was positively associated with life satisfaction and subjective well‐being. Our study suggests that exploring the underlying mechanism of the association between debts and subjective well‐being is necessary and crucial because the mediating roles of social and personal resources were important in determining young adults' subjective well‐being. Further research should explore this topic, as recent young adults are more exposed to debt burdens than preceding cohorts. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

A Dual-Process Model of Promoting Employee Mental Health in Crises: Impacts of Leadership Health Support and Organizational Leaders' Crisis Communication in COVID-19

Article

Full-text available

Jul 2023
HEALTH COMMUN

This study examined how organizations may promote their employees' mental health in difficult times. Drawing from organizational crisis communication and organizational health promotion research, it proposed and tested a dual-process model that links leadership health support, an essential dimension of organizational health culture, with organizational leaders' crisis communication (i.e. use of ethical-base responses) and workers' self-care awareness and perceived stress in a crisis. Through a survey of 502 full-time U.S. employees conducted during COVID-19, we found that organizational leaders' use of ethical-base responses predicted employees' enhanced self-care awareness and decreased stress levels. Further, leadership health support provided a double-buffer effect to sustain employee mental health by directly bolstering employees' self-care awareness and organizational leaders' use of ethical-base responses. The findings of this study bridge the gaps in organizational health promotion and crisis communication literature and offer practical suggestions for organizations seeking to foster employees' mental health challenges during crises.

How Journalists Cope with News Work’s Stresses While Remaining Creative Amid the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Phenomenological Study

Article

Dec 2022

Work stress is a double-edged sword to creativity. Some analysts call stress a creativity killer while others describe it as a creativity driver. Journalists face a myriad of daily work stresses that forces them to establish a coping mechanism that could evolve over time. The Covid-19 pandemic is a new problem in itself and has also brought new challenges to the daily work stresses of journalists. This phenomenological study, anchored on the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping, had explored the changes in 13 Filipino journalists’ work stresses and coping mechanisms and how these developments affected their creative processes during the Covid-19 pandemic. The study yielded six themes that described the changes in journalists’ work stressors and their coping mechanisms, as well as the reasons behind their attempt to remain creative despite the stressful nature of the profession. The study also puts forward a definition of daily work stress in journalism and establishes an inventory of identified work stresses under the “new normal.” Study findings will help newsrooms adopt and implement necessary measures that would ease their employees’ negative stressors, while improving the work environment to induce creativity through positive stressors.

Cardiovascular risk reduction in a community setting: Some comments

Article

Full-text available

Apr 1980

Stanislav V. Kasl

Describes the Stanford Heart Disease Prevention Program (A. J. Meyer et al; as a pioneering intervention study involving the collaboration of cardiovascular medicine and behavioral science. The present commentary on this program of research is concerned with 3 topics: (a) strategies in public health interventions designed to reduce risk of disease, (b) the significance of the findings and suggestions for additional explorations of the results, and (c) planning for efficient future intervention designs by exploiting data collection opportunities at baseline. (22 ref)

Stessful life events, personality, and hwalth: An inquiry into hardiness

Article

Full-text available

Jan 1979

Suzanne C. Kobasa

Studied personality as a conditioner of the effects of stressful life events on illness onset. Two groups of middle- and upper-level 40-49 yr old executives had comparably high degrees of stressful life events in the previous 3 yrs, as measured by the Schedule of Recent Events. One group of 86 Ss suffered high stress without falling ill, whereas the other group of 75 Ss reported becoming sick after their encounter with stressful life events. Illness was measured by the Seriousness of Illness Survey (A. R. Wyler et al 1970). Discriminant function analysis, run on half of the Ss in each group and cross-validated on the remaining cases, supported the prediction that high stress/low illness executives show, by comparison with high stress/high illness executives, more hardiness, that is, have a stronger commitment to self, an attitude of vigorousness toward the environment, a sense of meaningfulness, and an internal locus of control. (43 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved).

Psychological Aspects of Myocardial Infarction and Coronary Care

Article

Jan 1977
AM J NURS

Social Networks, Host Resistance, and Mortality: A Nine-Year Follow-up Study of Alameda County Residents

Article

Jun 2017
AM J EPIDEMIOL

The relationship between social and community ties and mortality was assessed using the 1965 Human Population Laboratory survey of a random sample of 6928 adults in Alameda County, California and a subsequent nine-year mortaNty follow-up. The findings show that people who lacked social and community ties were more likely to die in the follow-up period than those with more extensive contacts. The age-Adjusted relative risks for those most isoiated when compared to those with the most social contacts were 2.3 for men and 2.8 for women. The association between social ties and mortality was found to be independent of self-reported physical health status at the time of the 1965 survey, year of death, socioeconomic status, and health practices such as smoking, alcoholic beverage consumption, obesity, physical actIvity, and utilization of preventive health services as well as a cumulative Index of health practices.

Why People Use Health Services

Article

Dec 2005

Irwin M Rosenstock

Cardiovascular disease: A multifactorial problem (insights from the Framingham study)

Article

Jan 1979

W. Kannel

Five-year findings of the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program

Article

Jun 1984

Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program Cooperative Group

The Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program (HDFP) data are reported by diastolic blood pressure (DBP) stratum for four race-sex subgroups. For Stratum I (entry DBP 90–104 mm Hg) in each of the race-sex subgroups (black male, black female, white male, and white female), Stepped Care (SC) participants experienced a reduced mortality as compared to Referred Care (RC). For black males and females in all three entry DBP strata, mortality was lower in the SC than RC. Only in three subgroups did the SC mortality exceed RC: Stratum II (entry DBP 105–114 mm Hg) white females and Stratum III (entry DBP 115+ mm Hg) white males and females. Possible explanations for these deviant findings are discussed. The HDFP was designed to determine the difference in total 5-year mortality between SC and RC; subgroup analyses may be subject to large chance variation and must be interpreted with great caution. The value of vigorous treatment of “mild” hypertension (Stratum I) in males and females, black and white, and the value of treatment for all blood pressure strata in blacks are confirmed by this analysis.

Continuing medical education cardiac rehabilitation: A new frontier for behavioral medicine

Article

Sep 1983

Secondary prevention of coronary disease has traditionally involved primarily surgery and pharmacologic management. However, it has become increasingly evident that successful rehabilitation also involves modification of those overt behaviors that place cardiac patients at greater risk for reinfarction and death. “Behavioral medicine” is a new field concerned with the application of behavioral science knowledge to medical problems and holds particular promise for the area of cardiac rehabilitation. The present review summarizes the behavioral strategies currently employed to treat coronary patients, with particular attention paid to such interventions as exercise, dietary management, smoking cessation, psychotherapy, type A modification, and procedures to enhance patient compliance. The importance of a multidisciplinary approach to successful rehabilitation is emphasized.

Preface.

Article

Jan 1983

George Stone

This report of the proceedings of the National Working Conference on Education and Training in Health Psychology, held in Harriman, New York, in May, 1983, presents the results of nearly two years of planning by a score of psychologists and four days of intense activity by 57 conference participants. The reports that are presented here were for the most part completed at the conference itself, with minor editing during the two weeks following the conference. The report of the conference is divided into four major sections. The first section tells how the conference came into being, and how the participants were selected and prepared to take part in it, and it sets forth the agenda that guided our work. The second section presents the major addresses that were made to the conference in plenary sessions. The third section is made up of the task group reports that informed the conference, and includes also three position statements developed during the course of the conference. The last section contains the reports of the working groups, which are the officially endorsed output from the conference. Much was accomplished that will be of value to those who are operating or developing training programs in health psychology and to those who will be developing policies and regulations in organizations such as the American Psychological Association.

Coronary heart disease in Western Collaborative Group Study. Final follow-up experience of 8 1/2 years

Article

Aug 1975

R. H. Rosenman

Health Psychology

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