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400-Gb/s Modulation-Format-Independent Single-Channel Transmission With Chromatic Dispersion Precompensation Based on OAWG
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This Letter demonstrates the efficacy of an optical arbitrary waveform generation transmitter (OAWG transmitter) in generating high-bandwidth, single-channel optical waveforms with precompensation overcoming chromatic dispersion. Specifically, 20-bit, 200 Gb/s DPSK and 40-bit, 400 Gb/s QPSK packets are precompensated for the 1675.16 ps/nm of dispersion and 4.833 ps/nm2 of dispersion slope present in 100 km of single mode fiber, and successfully recovered after transmission. The repetitive waveform packets were generated using static OAWG methodology, with a pair of silica arrayed-waveguide gratings through line-by-line pulse shaping.
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... In this manner, an arbitrary waveform (in amplitude and phase) across multiterahertz bandwidths can be generated by using standard CMOS electronics (<25 GHz). Previous experimental results achieved 240 and 360 Gbit∕s and 1.2 Tbit∕s data generation with binary phase-shift keying, quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), and 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (16QAM) modulation formats [17][18][19][20][21] for static optical arbitrary waveform generation (OAWG), and 480 Gbits∕s for DOAWG [13]. Note that static OAWG can generate only periodic waveforms, so it cannot be used for telecom applications. ...
... The DOAWG and DOAWM can precompensate or postcompensate for chromatic dispersion [17][18][19][20][21], and they can also incorporate all-optical passband pre-emphasis or postcompensation filtering to equalize the nonuniform RF response of the modulators and detectors to ensure high-fidelity waveform generation after the multiplexer [17,24]. In addition, precompensation and postcompensation can shape the waveform to maintain the lowest peak-to-average power ratio across the transmission link to suppress nonlinear impairments. ...
This paper discusses elastic optical networking (EON) by dynamic optical arbitrary waveform generation and measurement (DOAWG/DOAWM) technologies for flexible and agile bandwidth-variable transponders. The ability to generate and measure flexible bandwidth signals with arbitrary modulation formats and subwavelength granularity, as well as superchannels, makes DOAWG/DOAWM an attractive technology for EON. We introduce the DOAWG/DOAWM concept and its application to EON, and we discuss the use and advantages of DOAWG/DOAWM as the technology for a sliceable bandwidth variable transponder (SBV-T). Then we report our most recent experimental demonstration of a two-spectral-slice OAWG-SBV-T experiment to generate a single-carrier 60 Gbaud channel with dual-polarization quadrature phase-shift keying and dual-polarization 16 quadrature amplitude modulation formats. Finally, we discuss our current progress on the development of a chip-scale DOAWG on a heterogeneous Si 3 N 4 – InP integration platform.
... Researchers have presented two types of integrated pulse shapers; static [58], and dynamic [59]. Static OAWGs have been used for several applications, such as high-bandwidth transmission systems [60,61]. In [61], 400 Gbps modulation-format-independent single-channel transmission with chromatic dispersion pre-compensation is presented. ...
... Static OAWGs have been used for several applications, such as high-bandwidth transmission systems [60,61]. In [61], 400 Gbps modulation-format-independent single-channel transmission with chromatic dispersion pre-compensation is presented. ...
... This requires dynamic reconfiguration of the output data stream based on demand without being fixed to the existing ITU channel spacing. Recent demonstrations of optical arbitrary waveform generation (OAWG) based coherent transmitters234 showed the capability for large bandwidth (500 GHz) waveform generation, through the parallel modulations of many optical frequency comb lines. However, these first demonstrations were limited to repetitive arbitrary waveforms of ~100 ps long bit patterns. ...
This paper presents a bandwidth-scalable, coherent optical transmitter based on the parallel synthesis of multiple spectral slices. As a proof-of-principle, two spectral slice, 6-ns DPSK and QPSK waveforms at 12 Gsymbols/s are generated and measured.
... Additionally, the fact that dynamic OAWG and OAWM operate over a continuous, broadband spectrum enables compensation for both linear and nonlinear link impairments. For example, precompensation can be applied for certain impairment mechanisms (e.g., chromatic dispersion) at the transmitter (OAWG) to reduce the signal distortion at the receiver [23]. In addition, since the waveform spectra created using dynamic OAWG is completely predetermined, undesirably high peak-to-average power ratios (PAPR) can be avoided. ...
This paper demonstrates a flexible bandwidth-modulation-capable and bandwidth scalable transmitter and receiver technique based on dynamic optical arbitrary waveform generation (OAWG) and measurement (OAWM). This technique generates and receives broadband arbitrary optical waveforms by dividing the waveform spectrum into overlapping spectral slices of bandwidth manageable with existing electronics. The OAWG transmitter produced 2-ns, 60-GHz data waveforms using only 5.5 GHz of analog bandwidth by coherently combining six 10-GHz spectral slices. Measurements were performed using an OAWM receiver with two 30-GHz spectral slices using 15 GHz of analog bandwidth. Experimental demonstrations verify the modulation format independence and flexible bandwidth capabilities of OAWG transmitters and OAWM receivers through the generation of the following waveforms: binary phase-shifted keying (BPSK), coherent wavelength division multiplexing (CoWDM) with 5 and 15 BPSK subcarriers, and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with 54 BPSK subcarriers. All waveforms had a bit-error-rate performance better than 7.8 × 10-5.
A single line-by-line optical pulse shaper is used to experimentally generate and deliver 1.04 ps optical pulse train with 496 GHz repetition-rate over 25.33 km single-mode fiber without the need for dispersion-compensating fiber.
This article presents recent results in the development of optical arbitrary waveform generation (OAWG) technologies based on optical frequency combs and indium phosphide devices. A novel spectral-slice dynamic-OAWG approach and waveform shapers with customized spectral multiplexers and modulators, enable continuous generation of high fidelity optical waveforms accessing bandwidths in excess of 1 THz. We show results for two types integrated waveform shapers, a 100 GHz electrically controlled device with 10 channels spaced at 10 GHz and a 1 THz optically controlled device with 100 channels spaced at 10 GHz. Additionally, we include results from a 640 GHz waveform measurement device with 16 channels and 40 GHz spacing.
A spectral line-by-line pulse shaper is used to experimentally generate and deliver similar to 1 ps optical pulses of 31 similar to 124 GHz repetition-rates over 25.33 km single-mode fiber without dispersion-compensating fiber. The correlation of such delivery capability to temporal Talbot effect is experimentally demonstrated. Incorporating shaper periodic phase control, the repetition-rates of these similar to 1 ps optical pulses are further multiplied up to 496 GHz and delivered over 25.33 km single-mode fiber. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America
This paper presents single channel, 200 Gb/s, 20-bit DPSK packets generated by an optical arbitrary waveform generation based optical transmitter with chromatic dispersion precompensation, and their transmission through 100 km of single-mode-fiber and recovery.
We discuss monolithic integration of a 100-channel AWG with a 10-GHz channel spacing with 100 Michelson-interferometer-based phase- and amplitude-modulators. The AWG showed approximately 10 dB crosstalk, and the twin-integrated devices comprise a 2¿ InP wafer.
This paper presents the concept of an optical transmitter based on optical arbitrary waveform generation (OAWG) capable of synthesizing Tb/s optical signals of arbitrary modulation format. Experimental and theoretical demonstrations in this paper include generation of data packet waveforms focusing on (a) achieving high spectral efficiencies in quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) and 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (16QAM) modulation formats, (b) generation of complex data waveform packets used for optical-label switching (OLS) consisting of a data payload and label on a carrier and subcarrier, and (c) repeatability and accuracy of duobinary (DB) data packet waveforms with BER measurements. These initial demonstrations are based on static OAWG, or line-by-line pulse shaping, to generate repeated waveforms of arbitrary shape. In addition to experimental and theoretical demonstrations of static OAWG, simulated results show dynamic OAWG, which involves encoding continuous data streams of arbitrary symbol sequence on data packet waveforms of arbitrary length.
We demonstrate a high-performance optical arbitrary waveform shaper based on a single 10 GHz arrayed-waveguide grating with 64 loopback waveguides and integrated amplitude and phase modulators on each waveguide. The design is compact and self-aligning and allows for bidirectional operation. The device's complex transfer function is manipulated and measured over the full 640 GHz passband. To demonstrate optical arbitrary waveform shaping, high-fidelity 15-line shaped waveforms are measured with cross-correlation frequency-resolved optical gating.
In the last chapter, we described the general concepts of FROG. And we gave examples from the polarization-gate version of FROG. But, because FROG is a spectrally resolved autocorrelation, every nonlinear-optical process that can be used to make an autocorrelator can also be used to make a FROG (see Fig. 6.1). In this chapter, we’ll describe and compare the several most common FROG beam geometries and their traces, so you can choose which geometry to use for your application.
Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is a multicarrier modulation format in which the data are transmitted with a set of orthogonal subcarriers. Recently, this modulation format has been actively explored in the field of optical communications to take advantages of its high spectral efficiency and resilience to chromatic and polarization dispersion. However, to realize the optical OFDM at 100 Gb/s and beyond requires extremely high electronic bandwidth for the electronic signal processing elements. In this paper, we investigate orthogonal-band-multiplexed OFDM (OBM-OFDM) as a suitable modulation and multiplexing scheme for achieving bandwidth scalable and spectral efficient long-haul transmission systems. The OBM-OFDM signal can be implemented in either RF domain, or optical domain, or a combination of both domains. Using the scheme of OBM-OFDM, we show the successful transmission of 107 Gb/s data rate over 1000-km standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) without optical dispersion compensation and without Raman amplification. The demonstrated OBM-OFDM system is realized in optical domain which employs 2times2 MIMO-OFDM signal processing and achieves high optical spectral efficiency of 3.3 bit/s/Hz using 4-QAM encoding. Additionally, we perform numerical simulation of 107-Gb/s CO-OFDM transmission for both single-channel and wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) systems. We find that the Q -factor of OBM-OFDM measured using uniform filling of OFDM subbands is in fact more conservative, in particular, is 1.2 dB and 0.4 dB lower than using random filling for single-channel and WDM systems, respectively.
We theoretically prove that a conventional Mach-Zehnder modulator can generate an optical frequency comb with excellent spectral flatness. The modulator is asymmetrically dual driven by large amplitude sinusoidal signals with different amplitudes. The driving condition to obtain spectral flatness is analytically derived and optimized, yielding a simple formula. This formula also predicts the conversion efficiency and bandwidth of the generated frequency comb.
We present the transmission of a 298.2-Gb/s copolarized coherent wavelength-division-multiplexing system over 80 km of standard single-mode fiber, achieving an information spectral density of 1 b/s/Hz with no prefilters at the transmitter. Odd and even tributary channels were encoded with data and delayed-data-bar pseudorandom binary sequence 2<sup>7</sup>-1 patterns. The dispersion tolerance is investigated, and the dispersion penalty of this system is improved through adjustment of the relative phase of adjacent channels. Under optimum conditions, the dispersion penalty could be reduced from over 3 dB to less than 1 dB
It is shown by numerical simulations that a significant increase in the spectral density of a 40-Gb/s wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) system can be obtained by controlling the phase of adjacent WDM channels. These simulations are confirmed experimentally at 40 Gb/s using a coherent comb source. This technique allows the spectral density of a nonreturn-to-zero WDM system to be increased from 0.4 to 1 b/s/Hz in a single polarization. Optical filter optimization is required to minimize power crosstalk, and appropriate strategies are discussed in this letter.