Claudio Bidau

Fundação Oswaldo Cruz | FIOCRUZ

2021): Studying natural history far from the museum: the impact of 3D models on teaching, learning, and motivation, Journal of Biological Education To link to this article: https://doi. ABSTRACT Natural history museums (NHM) are important for students' learning and motivation. However, the lack or scarcity of NHMs in countries with emerging markets...

p> Resumo : A diferença de tamanho corporal entre machos e fêmeas é conhecida como dimorfismo sexual de tamanho (DST). O surgimento do DST é atribuído na maioria das vezes a processos de seleção sexual, entretanto a seleção natural também pode afetar o DST. Tem se observado em diversos grupos que a intensidade do DST está associada com o tamanho co...

1. Body size influences the way that organisms both perform their locomotor activities and perceive their environment. Allometry of insect legs with respect to body size is affected by many factors such as ontogenetic constraints and natural selection. Negative allometry, positive allometry, or isometry could result from different mechanisms influe...

The temporal pattern of co-occurrence of human beings and venomous species (scorpions, spiders, snakes) is changing. Thus, the temporal pattern of areas with risk of accidents with such species tends to become dynamic in time. We analyze the areas of occurrence of species of Tityus in Argentina and assess the impact of global climate change on thei...

Aim Understanding the mechanisms that drive phenotypic divergence along climatic gradients is a long‐standing goal of biogeography. To fulfil this objective, we tested if neutral and/or adaptive effects drive phenotypic diversification. We quantified the effects of neutral evolution and natural selection on morphological variability of a well‐suite...

Environmental gradients in a marine setting may have significant effects on morphological variations and evolutionary patterns, including sexual dimorphism variations within and between fish populations. We analyzed sexual shape and size dimorphism in accordance with Rensch and Bergmann’s rules in five coastal populations of the gobiid Bathygobius...

The domestication syndrome already recognized by Darwin shows that domesticated species acquire a number of novel morphological, physiological and behavioral characteristics not present in their wild ancestors. Because body size and sexual size dimorphism (SSD) are essential characteristics of species that affect most aspects of their life historie...

BACKGROUND: The knowledge of the factors that affect the geographic distribution of species permits us to infer where they can be found. Human beings, through the expansion of their own distribution area and their contribution to climate alteration have modified the geographic distribution of other biological species. As a consequence, the temporal...

BACKGROUND: The knowledge of the factors that affect the geographic distribution of species permits us to infer where they can be found. Human beings, through the expansion of their own distribution area and their contribution to climate alteration have modified the geographic distribution of other biological species. As a consequence, the temporal...

Chromosomal rearrangements have a relevant role in organismic evolution. However, little is known about the mechanisms that lead different phylogenetic clades to have different chromosomal rearrangement rates. Here, we investigate the causes behind the wide karyotypic diversity exhibited by mammals. In particular, we analyzed the role of metabolic,...

The size variation between males and females of a species is a phenomenon known as sexual size dimorphism (SSD). The observed patterns of variation in SSD among species has led to the formulation of Rensch’s rule, which establishes that, in species showing a male size bias, SSD increases with an increase in the body size of the species. However, fo...

The size variation between males and females of a species is a phenomenon known as sexual size dimorphism (SSD). The observed patterns of variation in SSD among species has led to the formulation of Rensch's rule, which establishes that, in species showing a male size bias, SSD increases with an increase in the body size of the species. However, fo...

El dimorfismo sexual de tamaño (SSD por sus siglas en inglés) es un fenómeno ampliamente distribuido en los animales y sin embargo, enigmático en cuanto a sus causas últimas y próximas y a las relaciones alométricas entre el SSD y el tamaño corporal (regla de Rensch). Analizamos el SSD a niveles intra- e interes - pecíficos en un número de especies...

South American melanopline grasshoppers display a disproportionate number of derived karyotypes, including many cases of neo-sex chromosome systems. This is especially true of the genus Dichroplus and its Maculipennis species group. We analyzed the karyotype and neo-sex chromosomes in mitosis and meiosis of Dichroplus maculipennis and D. vittigerum...

Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) although a widespread phenomenon among animals, is both enigmatic as to its proximate and ultimate causes and the scaling relationships between SSD and body size (Rensch's rule). We analyzed SSD at the intra- and interspecific levels in a number of representative species and genera of the major orthopteroid orders: Orth...

Tropical reef fishes show contrasting patterns of karyotypic diversity. Some families have a high chromosomal conservatism while others show wide variation in karyotypic macrostructure. However, the influence of life-history traits on karyotypic diversity is largely unknown. Using phylogenetic comparative methods, we assessed the effects of larval...

Robertsonian fusions account for many of the changes in the evolution of the orthopteran karyotype; in their origin, a centric fusion is involved between two acro-telocentric chromosomes, forming a single bi-armed chromosome. It is usual for these rearrangements to be associated with profound changes in meiosis, such as modification in frequency an...

Mechanisms of accumulation based on typical centromeric drive or of chromosomes carrying pericentric inversions are adjusted to the general karyotype differentiation in the principal Actinopterygii orders. Here, we show that meiotic drive in fish is also supported by preferential establishment of sex chromosome systems and B chromosomes in orders w...

Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) is affected by a large number of factors, mating system being one of the most relevant. Almost 70 species of subterranean rodents of the genus Ctenomys are considered highly polygynic, and polygyny jointly with absence of paternal care of the young, favours high SSD. In this respect, Rensch's rule predicts that SSD scal...

The relationship between orthopterans and humanity has multiple faces. They are excellent subjects of research in all areas of biology, but they may be from a mild nuisance to formidable enemies as in the case of plague locusts. However, many species have been since long ago, providers of aesthetic pleasure, nutrition and folk medicine practices. I...

The Orthoptera have inhabited the Earth for ca 300 million years and today include about 25,000 described species. Although orthopterans are mainly known to the general public by their most conspicuous species such as rangeland grasshoppers, locusts, katydids and crickets, they include an amazing diversity of forms and life-styles. In this review,...

The process of preferential chromosome segregation during meiosis has been suggested to be responsible for the predominance of certain chromosome types in the karyotypes of mammals, birds and insects. We developed an extensive analysis of the fixation of mono- or bibrachial chromosomes in the karyotypes of the large Actinopterygii fish group, a key...

Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) is a poorly understood phenomenon with respect to its ontogenetic and evolutionary causes, and generalizations such as Rensch's rule that interprets the relationship between SSD and body size, have not been satisfactorily supported. We chose the Felidae to perform a comparative study of SSD because of its morphological...

The Amazonian bush-cricket or katydid, Thliboscelus hypericifolius (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Pseudophyllinae), called tanana by the natives was reported to have a song so beautiful that they were kept in cages for the pleasure of listening to the melodious sound. The interchange of letters between Henry Walter Bates and Charles Darwin regarding t...

Meiotic behaviour was studied in males of the Ctenomys perrensi superspecies from Argentina that show variations in their chromosome number mostly due to Robertsonian translocations (Rb). A significant positive cor- relation between cell chiasma frequencies and total chromosome numbers was found. The reduction in chiasma fre- quency observed in ind...

Scyllina signatipennis is a Gomphocerine grasshopper whose male karyotype of 23 telocentric chromosomes includes 11 autosomal pairs (3 long: L1-L3; 5 medium-sized: M4-M8; short: 3 S9-S11) and an X-chromosome. Males show an extreme pattern of proximal chiasma localization during meiosis which is characterized by a preleptotenic contraction stage fol...

The behaviour of a large, stable B-isochromosome during male meiosis of Metaleptea brevicornis adspersa Blanch. (Acridinae, Acrididae) was studied in two Argentine populations. The B-chromosome is metacentric and long as the longest members of the standard complement which consists of 23 (22+ X) telocentric chromosomes in the male. Both arms of the...

Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) is almost universal in animals. Rensch’s rule proposes that SSD increases with increasing average body size in taxa where males are larger than females (male- biased SSD; MBSSD) and decreases when females are larger (female-biased SSD; FBSSD). Although it was proposed that both patterns are part of the same evolutionary...

Phylogeographic studies are currently used to infer historical demographic processes such as gene flow, determination of effective population sizes, colonisation dynamics, and population bottlenecks, as well as for the determination of species boundaries and the identification of possible conservation units. We present a review of the main contribu...

We discuss and criticise the contention of Colombo (2012) that the central-marginal model does not apply to three species of chromosomally polymorphic acridid grasshoppers, and that chromosomal clines in these species are a consequence of temperature gradients. We also discuss Colombo's interpretation of our own results on the South American melano...

The variation in cranial size of the crab-eating fox Cerdocyon thous was analysed in relation to latitude and several environmental variables throughout its distribution in South America. We tested the existence of clines to determine whether this canid follows Bergmann's rule to the north and south of the Equator. Also, using niche modelling, we a...

We studied sexual size dimorphism (SSD) and testes size allometry in 97 natural populations, including 39 nominal species and 19 unnamed or undescribed forms, of tuco-tucos (Ctenomys) from Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay in order to gain insight on the existence of sperm competition in these solitary, territorial, and possibly poly...

Understand the factors that lead morphological differentiation is a central question in evolutionary biology. The extraordinary latitudinal distribution of the fox Lycalopex culpaeus makes it a model species to investigate the causes of phenotypic divergence. We analyzed the morphological differentiation of the species from genetic analyzes using m...

The central region of Argentina is occupied by a karyotypically stable group of Ctenomys species that form the "mendocinus" complex (C. australis, C. azarae, C. mendoci-nus, C. porteousi and C. chasiquensis), which contacts with populations of C. talarum, C. pundti and intermediate karyomorphs between both species called the "pundti" complex. In th...

Supernumerary or B chromosomes are one of the main causes for numerical chromosomal variation in higher eukaryotes. These extragenetic elements have been studied for more than a century, with the goal of trying to understand their origin, and how they survive as a polymorphism in natural populations. Hypsiboas albopunctatus is a nocturnal hylid fro...

I analyzed chapter VIII of William Henry Hudson's "The Naturalist in La Plata", a popular book published in 1895. Herein the famous naturalist ornithologist and writer relates many observations made by him in his youth in a region of Buenos Aires, Argentina, accounts of a large number of natural phenomena especially pertaining to animal life. Chapt...

We review the effects of abiotic factors on body size in two grasshopper species with large geographical distributions: Dichroplus pratensis and D. vittatus , inhabiting Argentina in diverse natural habitats. Geographical spans for both species provide an opportunity to study the effects of changes in abiotic factors on body size. The analyses of b...

We present a cytogenetic survey of the basal bufonid genus Melanophryniscus that covered 14 of the 25 species currently recognized, representing the three phenetic species groups: M. moreirae, M. stelzneri, and M. tumifrons. All species presented a diploid chromosome complement constituted by 11 bi-armed chromosome pairs (2n = 2x = 22; FN = 44). So...

We tested the applicability of Allen's rule in 47 species and 32 unnamed forms (populations that are probably good species or undefined taxa within a superspecies or species group) of the South American subterranean Hystricomorph rodents of the genus Ctenomys (tuco-tucos) (Rodentia: Ctenomyidae) by analyzing tail length in relation with head and bo...

Abstract We present the most comprehensive study to date of species groups in Ctenomys (tuco-tucos), a species-rich genus of Neotropical rodents. To explore phylogenetic relationships among 38 species and 12 undescribed forms we sequenced the complete mitochondrial cytochrome-b genes of 34 specimens and incorporated 50 previously published sequence...

Amphibians show strong dependence on environmental variables (water balance, temperature). However, interactions affecting geographic distribution of body size are poorly known. We present an analysis of body size within and between species of an anuran genus using a climatic approach. We studied geographic body size distribution in 23 species of S...

Hybrid zones are regions where genetically different populations meet and mate, resulting in offspring of mixed characteristics. In organisms with limited dispersal, such as melanopline grasshoppers, hybrid zones can occur at small spatial scales (i.e., <500 m). We assessed levels of morphological, chromosomal, and molecular variability in adult ma...

The history of the study of orthopteran chromosomes is coincident with the formulation of the chromosome theory of heredity and the rediscovery of Mendel's laws, thus with the birth of cytogenetics. We review the early contributions of grasshopper chromosomes to the chromosome theory, the understanding of sex chromosomes, the phenomena of mitosis,...

We review historical and pioneering work as well as recently published papers about orthopteran sex chromosomes and neo-sex mechanisms, highlighting Michael White's significant contributions. Meiotic research in Orthoptera in the early twentieth century was central to confirming that sex determination had a chromosomal basis: the study of sex chrom...

A nucleolar-organizing B chromosome occurs at low frequency in some populations of the grasshopper Dichroplus pratensis. This B chromosome is telocentric, mitotically stable, and has a proximal secondary constriction. Haematoxylin and silver staining both demonstrate that the constriction organizes a nucleolus in addition to the standard nucleolar...

We examined A- and B-chromosome pairing and recombination in 12 males from the farm-bred population of the silver fox (2n = 34 + 0-10 Bs) by means of electron and immunofluorescent microscopy. To detect recombination at A and B chromosomes, we used immunolocalisation of MLH1, a mismatch repair protein of mature recombination nodules, at synaptonema...

We report the results of a study on the neo-sex chromosome systems of six Neotropical Melanoplinae species for contributing to a better understanding of their origin and behaviour of these systems. Our analyses included detailed descriptions of the structure and behaviour of the sex chromosome configurations in male and female meiosis of species be...

Infection caused by the trematode Echinostoma paraensei has been shown to interfere in the natural resistance to infection by Schistosoma mansoni. Biomphalaria glabrata is susceptible to infection, while Taim isolate Biomphalaria tenagophila is resistant to infection by S. mansoni. These two snail species were assessed for infection with E. paraens...

Subterranean rodents of the genus Ctenomys are an interesting system to assess the effects of habitat instability on the genetic structure of populations. The perrensi group is a complex of three species (C. roigi, C. perrensi and C. dorbignyi) and several forms of uncertain taxonomic status, distributed in the vicinity of the Iberá wetland in Arge...

We restrict the type locality of Ctenomys bicolor Miranda Ribeiro, 1914, to Rôndonia state (Brazil) within these coordinates: 11º 50&apos; 10&apos;&apos; S and 12º 00&apos; 00&apos;&apos; S, and 60º 51&apos; 35&apos;&apos; W and 61º 19&apos; 29&apos;&apos; W.

The problem of the origin of domestic animals and plants, and the means by which they were produced along human history, were of deep interest to Charles Darwin who considered domestic breeding 'one grand experiment' in evolution. In first place, he elaborated an analogy between artificial selection, by which breeders obtained desired characters in...

We studied geographic body-size variation in males and females of 25 populations of the South American melanopline grasshopper Dichroplus pratensis Bruner, 1900, along more than 22 degrees of latitude (S) and between 0 and almost 2500 m of altitude. Using mean body length of each sex and factors obtained from PCA analyses of six morphometric linear...

Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) can be the result of sexual selection (SS) or natural selection (NS). Due to male-male competition for access to females, SS could favor an increase in male body size. On the other hand, larger size in females could be favored by NS, since egg production is directly correlated with body size. Rensch`s rule states that S...

The problem of the origin of domestic animals and plants, and the means by which they were produced along human history, were of deep interest to Charles Darwin who considered domestic breeding 'one grand experiment' in evolution. In frst place, he elaborated an analogy between artifcial selection, by which breeders obtained desired characters in d...

We studied the geographic variation of three morphometric characters in relation to body size in two South American grasshoppers (Acrididae), Dichroplus vittatus Bruner and D. pratensis Bruner to test Allen's rule in these ectotherms. Since both species follow the converse to Bergmann's rule owing to latitudinal and/or altitudinal variation in time...

Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) is almost universal in animals. Rensch's rule proposes that SSD increases with increasing average body size in taxa where males are larger than females (male-biased SSD; MBSSD) and decreases when females are larger (female-biased SSD; FBSSD). Although it was proposed that both patterns are part of the same evolutionary...

The aim of this study was to estimate a general pattern of meiotic recombination in the domestic dog (Canis familiaris) using immunolocalization of MLH1, a mismatch repair protein of mature recombination nodules. We prepared synaptonemal complex (SC) spreads from 124 spermatocytes of three male dogs and mapped 4959 MLH1 foci along 4712 autosomes. T...

Exceptional chromosomal variability makesCtenomys an excellent model for evolutionary cytogenetic analysis. Six species belonging to three evolutionary lineages were studied by means of restriction endonuclease and C-chromosome banding. The resulting banding patterns were used for comparative analysis of heterochromatin distribution on chromosomes....

We studied geographical body size variation in 23 populations and sexual size dimorphism in 19 populations of the grasshopper Dichroplus pratensis Bruner in Argentina, spanning 22° of latitude and between sea level and >2,474-m altitude. Six characters were measured in 609 individuals (334 males and 275 females): total body, femur 3, tibia 3, tegmi...

Aim We analysed body-size variation in relation to latitude, longitude, elevation and environmental variables in Ctenomys (tuco-tucos), subterranean rodents in the Ctenomyidae (Caviomorpha). We tested the existence of inter- and intraspecific size clines to determine if these rodents follow Bergmann's rule, to compare intra- and interspecific size...

Geographic body size variation was analysed in males and females of 19 populations of the South American grasshopper Dichroplus vittatus Bruner spanning 20 degrees of latitude and 2700 m of altitude. Using mean and maximum body length of each sex and factors obtained from principal components analyses of six morphometric linear characters it was sh...

Geographic body size variation was analysed in males and females of 19 populations of the South American grasshopper Dichroplus vittatus Bruner spanning 20 degrees of latitude and 2700 m of altitude. Using mean and maximum body length of each sex and factors obtained from principal components analyses of six morphometric linear characters it was sh...

Meiotic behaviour was studied in males of the Ctenomys perrensi superspecies from Argentina that show variations in their chromosome number mostly due to Robertsonian translocations (Rb). A significant positive correlation between cell chiasma frequencies and total chromosome numbers was found. The reduction in chiasma frequency observed in individ...

Thirteen vascular plant species used in argentine folk medicine were studied in order to evaluate the cytotoxic and mitodepressive activity of their aqueous extracts at different concentrations, using both the Artemia salina Test and the Allium Test. No cytotoxic activity was observed for analyzed extracts with the Artemia salina Test, and in relat...

The cosmopolitan genus Conyza Less. comprises about 100 species, 22 of which occur in Argentina. Current taxonomic treatments, largely based on exomorphological characters, are insufficient to characterize and circumscribe some of their polymorphic species. Interspecific variations in inflorescences typology and capitula structure, as well as karyo...

The composition of the essentials oils of five species of Conyza Less from Argentina was determined by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer. This composition is associated to morphological and cytogenetic characters. The monoterpenes constitute more than 60% of the essential oils in C. blakei, C glandulitecta, C. sumatrensis var. sumatrensis and C....

The grasshopper Dichroplus pratensis Bruner is polymorphic and polytypic for a complex Robertsonian system. In this species, centric fusions induce changes in number and position of chiasmata, and thus potentially affect intrachromosomal genetic recombination and genetic variability. Males and females, from 23 populations covering most of the geogr...

Despite its ubiquitous geographic distribution, the domestic mouse has not received attention from the cytogenetic point of view in South America, possibly because of its apparently conservative karyotype. In this paper we report, for the first time outside the Old World, a polymorphism for a Homogeneously Staining Region (HSR) between G-bands C5 a...

Infusions and concoctions of Ilex paraguariensis are used as medicinal, nutritional and stimulant beverages in southern South America. Crop production is about 300,000 tons/year in Argentina, where the consumption rate reaches 5-9 kg/capita/year. In this study, we assessed the cytotoxicity of aqueous extracts of I. paraguariensis in the Allium test...

Assortment-distortion with respect to the X and NOR activity of a rare mitotically stable B chromosome (B(N)), was examined in 16 males of Dichroplus pratensis (Acrididae: Melanoplinae) from Argentine populations. In 1B individuals, the X and B associate preferentially during prophase I reaching a maximum level of association at zygotene. Frequency...

We tested the centromeric drive theory of karyotypic evolution in the grasshopper Dichroplus pratensis, which is simultaneously polymorphic for eight Robertsonian fusions and two classes of B chromosomes. A logistic regression analysis performed on 53 natural populations from Argentina revealed that B chromosomes are more probably found in populati...

We examined, through allozyme electrophoresis, the genetic structure of populations of the acridid grasshopper Dichroplus pratensis from two chromosomal races (Northern and Southern) and their hybrid zone in Argentina. No fixed alleles for any particular race were found, although genetic differentiation among parental races was significant (0 = 0.0...

In this paper we describe a spontaneous heterozygous paracentric inversion in telocentric chromosome L2 of a Dichroplus pratensis male from a natural population of Argentina. This male was also heterozygous for two Robertsonian translocations. The inversion was only detected through transmission electron microscopy of synaptonemal complexes because...

Synaptic behaviour and the progression of morphological differentiation of the XY chromosome pair during pachytene was studied for the first time in three species of the South American subterranean rodents of the genus Ctenomys (tuco-tucos). In general, synapsis progression in the sex pair could be subdivided into four substages: (i) initial partia...

2003. Two exceptional South American models for the study of chromosomal evolution: the tucura Dichroplus pratensis and the tuco-tucos of the genus Ctenomys. Summary. In this work, we summarize the contributions that our research group has produced along more than 20 years, to the evolutionary biology of the grasshoppers of the genus Dichroplus (Or...

The tuco-tucos (Ctenomys) are South American subterranean rodents that are some of the most chromosomally variable of all mammals. In this study we focus on Ctenomys of the "Corrientes species group" from that Argentine province and consisting of C. dorbignyi, C. perrensi, C. roigi and unnamed populations (Ctenomys sp.). A diploid range of 41-70 ha...

The South American acridid grasshopper Dichro-plus pratensis (Melanoplinae) is polymorphic and polytypic for a system of Robertsonian fusions across most of its distribution range. Several chromosomal races and hybrid zones have been identified. Since the fusions exert profound inter-and intra-chromosomal effects on recombination, it has been propo...

We used banding techniques to analyze the karyotypes of 17 individuals ofCtenomys dorbignyi Contreras and Contreras, 1984, from populations in Corrientes (Mbarigüí, the type locality, and Sarandicito) belonging to the previously known range of the species, and Entre Ríos (Tiro Federal and Paso Vera) representing a new geographically isolated group...

Chiasma frequency and distribution were studied in male Mus musculus domesticus from the John O'Groats-standard chromosomal hybrid zone in northern Scotland. Individuals of the John O'Groats race (2n=32; homozygous for the Robertsonian fusions 4.10, 6.13, 9.12 and 11.14) and the standard race (2n=40, all telocentric), and hybrids with various karyo...

Dichroplus pratensis has a complex system of Robertsonian rearrangements with central-marginal distribution; marginal populations are standard telocentric. Standard bivalents show a proximal-distal chiasma pattern in both sexes. In Robertsonian individuals a redistribution of chiasmata occurs: proximal chiasmata are suppressed in fusion trivalents...

The meiotic behaviour of a large B isochromosome of Metaleptea brevicornis adspersa (Acridinae, Acrididae) was studied in both sexes using conventional preparations and in males by silver staining of surface-spread synaptonemal complexes and kinetochores. In males, both arms of the B chromosome synapse at zygotene-early pachytene suggesting its iso...

The tuco-tucos (Ctenomys) are subterranean rodents that are widespread in southern South America. On the basis of its 60 living species, Ctenomys is one of the most speciose mammalian genera and displays great chromosomal variation. In order to study the mode of speciation in Ctenomys and to evaluate the role of chromosomes in cladogenesis, it is e...

The origin of neo-XY sex systems in Acrididae is usually explained through an X-autosome centric fusion, and the behaviour of the neo-sex chromosomes has been solely studied in males. In this paper we analysed male and female Dichroplus vittatus. The karyotype comprises 2n = 20 chromosomes including 9 pairs of autosomes and a sex chromosome pair th...