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A Code of Practice for Public Toilets in Britain
Abstract and Figures
The purpose of this paper is to discuss what might be ideal standards for toilet provision, drawing on research being undertaken on the importance of public toilets in creating accessible cities for everyone. Reference is made to British toilet standards and to other Western levels of provision, with comparisons and examples of good practice drawn from the international situation. At present, most public toilet standards are inadequate and there are some towns and cities without any public toilets. In particular, there are fewer toilets for women than for men, and few toilets for the disabled. Drawing on revisions being undertaken for the British Standards Institute which will provide the basis for revising the current UK standard, 'BS6465 Sanitary Installations' the paper explains the factors being taken into account in setting standards for toilet provision.
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... Public toilets are integral component for developing sustainable, inclusive and responsive human settlements in the global village. The agenda of '24-Hour City' necessitate authorities to provide supplements like streetlights, urban public transport, security and public toilets for the formulation of the backdrop of a twenty four hour city economy (Greed, 2004). Improved sanitation along with hygiene and clean drinking water are necessary to have a healthy life and socioeconomic development (Mara, et. ...
Provision of public toilets is not merely a matter of utilizing land, but it is an essential component of design and planning. Inadequate provision of accessible public toilets in the city of Lahore in Pakistan, is not only affecting the quality of the city but is also discomforting its residents. To examine the current status of the public toilets and the major causes of open defecation, a survey of four hundred respondents in different public places of Lahore city was conducted, along with a review of various polices in place with regards to public toilet provision. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) established a comprehensive set of features responsible for achieving an effective solution to provision of public toilets, which ranged from accessibility, to availability, cleanliness, maintenance and safety. The paper reveals that the availability and cleanliness of public toilets should be ensured at potential urban spaces, as that can contribute to healthy and accessible environment for citizens and make cities sustainable and livable. Keywords: Public Toilets, Lahore, Principal component analysis
... However, in spite of legislation about toilets, the overall situation of the toilets was not satisfactory, adequate and clean. During the last 10 years, 50 % of toilets were closed due to the various reasons (Greed, 2015). Supplyside should consider the problem of pregnant women, aged people as well as disabled. ...
This paper presents the preferences and valuation attached by people to various aspects of public toilets including easy availability, hygiene and aesthetic facilities. Study is based on primary data and structured questionnaires were administrated to 300 end users of public toilets, using two stage stratified random sampling technique from different strata’s i.e. Markets, Parks and Bus terminals in metropolitan city Islamabad. This study utilizes the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) to get consumer’s willingness to pay (WTP) for public toilets. Results indicate that respondents from markets showed relatively lower WTP for improved services as compared to bus stations and tourist spots. Public toilet facilities are poor at the bus terminals as compared to the markets and Tourists spots. To identify preferences for differentiated products, this study uses three different models of Public Toilets to get WTP estimates from the respondents. These include: ‘toilets with basic facilities’, ‘toilets cleaned after short intervals’ and ‘aesthetically furnished public toilets’. Interestingly, respondents were willing to contribute for all such facilities, with different valuation. On average, respondents were WTP 14.47 rupees for toilets with basic facilities and accordingly, there is a potential to raise at least Rs. 4.853 Million per month additionally, if the authorities in Islamabad provide adequate and hygienic facilities. It is hence a strong business case in Islamabad because tourists, shoppers, visitors will feel comfortable and can stay outside for longer time, resultantly engaging in greater economic and recreational activities. Such measures will make the Islamabad city ecologically sustainable.
... Public toilets are integral component for developing sustainable, inclusive and responsive human settlements in the global village. The agenda of '24-Hour City' necessitate authorities to provide supplements like streetlights, urban public transport, security and public toilets for the formulation of the backdrop of a twenty four hour city economy (Greed, 2004). Improved sanitation along with hygiene and clean drinking water are necessary to have a healthy life and socioeconomic development (Mara, et. ...
Provision of public toilets is not merely a matter of utilizing
land, but it is an essential component of design and planning. Inadequate provision of accessible public toilets in the city
of Lahore in Pakistan, is not only affecting the quality of
the city but is also discomforting its residents. To examine
the current status of the public toilets and the major causes
of open defecation, a survey of four hundred respondents
in different public places of Lahore city was conducted, along with a review of various polices in place with regards
to public toilet provision. Principal Component Analysis
(PCA) established a comprehensive set of featuresresponsible
for achieving an effective solution to provision of public
toilets, which ranged from accessibility, to availability, cleanliness, maintenance and safety. The paper reveals that
the availability and cleanliness of public toilets should be
ensured at potential urban spaces, as that can contribute to
healthy and accessible environment for citizens and make
cities sustainable and livable.
... Public toilets are integral component for developing sustainable, inclusive and responsive human settlements in the global village. The agenda of '24-Hour City' necessitate authorities to provide supplements like streetlights, urban public transport, security and public toilets for the formulation of the backdrop of a twenty four hour city economy (Greed, 2004). Improved sanitation along with hygiene and clean drinking water are necessary to have a healthy life and socioeconomic development (Mara, et. ...
Provision of public toilets is not merely a matter of utilizing
land, but it is an essential component of design and planning.
Inadequate provision of accessible public toilets in the city
of Lahore in Pakistan, is not only affecting the quality of
the city but is also discomforting its residents. To examine
the current status of the public toilets and the major causes
of open defecation, a survey of four hundred respondents
in different public places of Lahore city was conducted,
along with a review of various polices in place with regards
to public toilet provision. Principal Component Analysis
(PCA) established a comprehensive set of features responsible
for achieving an effective solution to provision of public
toilets, which ranged from accessibility, to availability,
cleanliness, maintenance and safety. The paper reveals that
the availability and cleanliness of public toilets should be
ensured at potential urban spaces, as that can contribute to
healthy and accessible environment for citizens and make
cities sustainable and livable.
Cost recovery and user satisfaction are among the core objectives of any public or quas-public good provision. Public toilet service provision has been the domain of local government until when liberalisation policies struck the developing south. With stringent condition to reduce the fiscal burden, local government authorities have sought to offload some of its core functions including the management of public toilets to contracted firms. Based on regression and comparative quadrant analysis, this study evaluates cost recovery and user satisfaction in relation to public toilet condition based on a total of 729 user responses and 31 public toilet operators. The observations point to misguided decision to place public toilet management under contracted firms instead of placing then under Public Private Partnership (PPP). The decision to place public toilets management under private contract or individual contract is only secondary to PPP if the focus is to achieve both cost recovery and user satisfaction. However, if the focus was to achieve only cost recovery regardless of the need to protect users, then the decision would have been well founded but can be conspired inappropriate in as long as public toilets remain the domain of public good.
Toilets in sightseeing areas' Paper given at World Toilet Summit: on Tourist and Mountain Toilet Taipei
- Takahashi Shiohiko
Shiohiko,Takahashi (2003) 'Toilets in sightseeing areas' Paper given at World Toilet
Summit: on Tourist and Mountain Toilet Taipei, Taiwan.
Inclusive design of public toilets in city centres' Vivacity: Sustainable Urban Environments -Urban Sustainability for the Twenty-Four Hour City
- J Hanson
- Greed
- J Bichard
Hanson,J, Greed,C & Bichard,J (2003b) 'Inclusive design of public toilets in city centres'
Vivacity: Sustainable Urban Environments -Urban Sustainability for the Twenty-Four Hour
City,. London: Engineering and Physical Science Research Council.
Toilet Facilities at Stadia: Planning, design and types of installation, London: Sports Council in association with the Football Trust
- Simon Inglis
Inglis,Simon (1993) Toilet Facilities at Stadia: Planning, design and types of installation,
London: Sports Council in association with the Football Trust.
The City in History, Harmondsworth: Penguin (originally 1935)
- L Mumford
Mumford, L. (1965) The City in History, Harmondsworth: Penguin (originally 1935).
Part M of the Technical Standards for Compliance with the Building Standards (Scotland) Regulations 1990 as Amended Building Regulations Office
- Scotland
Scotland (2003) Part M of the Technical Standards for Compliance with the Building
Standards (Scotland) Regulations 1990 as Amended Building Regulations Office.
Introducing Urban Design
- Clara & Greed
- Roberts
Greed, Clara & Roberts, Marion (1998) Introducing Urban Design, Harlow: Longmans
Greed, C. (2003) Inclusive Urban Design: Public Toilets Oxford: Architectural Press.