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Publications (154)
Crown-of-thorns sea star (CoTS; Acanthaster cf. solaris) outbreaks are a significant cause of coral decline. Enhanced food supply for the larvae via eutrophication is implicated as a cause of outbreaks, yet larval feeding ecology is poorly understood. In this study, feeding experiments were carried out at two algal food concentrations of 1000 cells...
There is considerable interest in improving hatchery production of the mud crab, Scylla serrata. Although some progress has been made toward identifying appropriate feeding protocols for live-foods, the density at which food is first provided to larvae varies greatly in practice. This study examined relationships between rotifer density and activit...
Aquaculture of marine ornamental fish could potentially reduce the fishing pressure on wild stocks by the global aquarium trade, but its expansion is often constrained by the limited understanding on the biology and early life history of candidate species. The orchid dottyback Pseudochromis fridmani is a valuable and popular marine ornamental fish,...
The tropical spiny lobster, Panulirus ornatus, has a complex life cycle characterised by a series of moults that occur throughout pelagic larval stages. Significant morphological, physiological, and biochemical changes commonly coincide with moulting and can have dietary implications when culturing this species. Digestive enzyme activities respond...
There is considerable interest in developing hatchery techniques for the tropical spiny lobster, Panulirus ornatus. Although some progress has been made toward identifying effective foods and feeding protocols for this species, the density at which food is first provided to larvae varies greatly in practice. This study examined relationships betwee...
Redclaw, Cherax quadricarinatus, is a tropical freshwater species, endemic to Northern Australia and is a promising species for global aquaculture development. However, the commercial expansion of redclaw is hindered by low female fertility. Our aim was to investigate if pre-exposure of female redclaw to males can induce spawning and enhance reprod...
This study investigated the combined effects of feeding ration and cheliped autotomy on the intermolt duration, molting success, molt increments in size and weight, and ecdysteroid receptor gene (SpEcR) expression of early juvenile mud crab Scylla paramamosain. Newly molted second stage juvenile crabs (C2) were subjected to four feeding conditions;...
The effects of salinity on the survival and development of zoeae and megalopae of the decorator crab, Camposcia retusa, were investigated by two separate experiments. When newly hatched zoeae were reared at salinities of 26, 29, 32, 35, 38, 41, and 44, all larvae died within 3 days when the salinity was ≤32. However, survival to megalopae was achie...
Stage I phyllosoma larvae of the spiny lobster Panulirus ornatus hatch in tropical oceanic waters with limited and variable food resources. To better understand how these larvae cope with food deprivation, this study examined specific (mU mg⁻¹ protein) and total (mU larva⁻¹) activities of major digestive enzymes (i.e., α-amylase, non-specific ester...
Decorator crab Camposcia retusa is a popular marine ornamental species; however, it has never been bred previously. To establish a feeding regime for C. retusa larvae, which include two zoeal and a megalopal stage, three experiments were conducted. In all experiments, ≥60% of unfed 1st zoeal (Z1) larvae survived to the next stage, combined with the...
The optimization of copepod feeding protocol is paramount to improve culture productivity and to maintain favorable water quality parameters overtime, as well as saving operational costs by preventing the production of unnecessary quantities of microalgae. The influence of microalgal feeding concentration on major parameters related to culture prod...
Marine finfish hatcheries often replace small live prey with the larger traditional prey, brine shrimp Artemia, to feed the growing fish larvae. However, research on fish larviculture, including marine ornamental fish, often overlooks the importance of fine-tuning such prey transition. This study investigated the suitable time and approach for the...
The paracalanid copepod, Bestiolina amoyensis, is a widely distributed species occurring in subtropical inshore waters across the Pacific Ocean. Its small size, herbivorous feeding habit, and high adaptability make the species one of the most promising candidates as potential live feed for hatchery larval rearing. This study investigated effects of...
Although live prey remain essential for most marine finfish larviculture, the larvae or young juveniles are ultimately weaned onto formulated feeds at foodfish and ornamental fish hatcheries. Understanding the development of larval digestive capabilities is crucial for optimizing weaning success. The present study used the digestive system ontogeny...
While there is considerable interest in aquaculture of spiny lobsters (Palinuridae), limited knowledge of nutritional requirements during early life stages remains a major impediment to successful hatchery culture. To better determine endogenous nutrient utilisation during the early life stages of the tropical spiny lobster, Panulirus ornatus, we e...
Captive breeding of marine ornamental fish is considered as a sustainable alternative to the current practice of fishing the wild stocks to supply the marine aquarium trade. However, efficient larviculture remains the biggest bottleneck, as many marine ornamentals suffered total mortality or only have extremely low survival at early larval stage. T...
Insulin-like androgenic gland hormone (IAG) is regarded as a key sexual differentiation regulator in gonochoristic crustaceans. However, until now the knowledge concerning its functions in hermaphroditic crustaceans is scanty. Herein, we investigated the function of IAG (Lvit-IAG1) in peppermint shrimp Lysmata vittata, a species that possesses prot...
The vast majority of crustaceans are aquatic, living in either marine or freshwater environments. Marine crustaceans, such as copepods in particular, are ubiquitous in the oceans and perhaps the most numerous metazoans on Earth. Because crustaceans occur in all marine habitats, their larvae are exposed to highly diverse and sometimes variable envir...
To date, the molecular mechanisms of the unique gonadal development mode known as protandric simultaneous hermaphroditism (PSH) are unclear in crustaceans. In this study, cDNA of a gonad-inhibiting hormone (Lv-GIH1) was isolated from the PSH peppermint shrimp Lysmata vittata, and its expression was exclusively found in the eyestalk ganglion. qRT-PC...
Crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP), a cyclic amidated non-apeptide, is widely found in arthropods. The functions of CCAP have been revealed to include regulation of heart rate, intestinal peristalsis, molting, and osmotic pressure. However, to date, there has not been any report on the possible involvement of CCAP in immunoregulation in crustac...
The importance of copepods as the diet for rearing early larvae of the green mandarin fish Synchiropus splendidus has been demonstrated in our previous studies, however in those studies, copepods were always co-fed with rotifers in the attempt to compensate for low copepod feeding density due to substantially low copepod culture productivity as com...
Marine angelfish (family: Pomacanthidae) are among the most sought-after fish species in the saltwater aquarium trade. However, there is a lack of information in the literature on their early ontogeny. The objective of this study was to describe the embryonic and early larval development of two dwarf angelfish, the bicolour angelfish, Centropyge bi...
Approximately 70% of the aquatic-based production of animals is fed aquaculture, whereby animals are provided with high-protein aquafeeds. Currently, aquafeeds are reliant on fish meal and fish oil sourced from wild-captured forage fish. However, increasing use of forage fish is unsustainable and, because an additional 37.4 million tons of aquafeed...
This study aims to describe aspects of reproductive behavior and larval development for the striped blenny, Meiacanthus grammistes. Altogether 8 broodstock fish (8.5 cm to 10 cm) were maintained in two 400 l tanks. The first spawning occurred 45 days in one tank and 65 days in another tank after fish acquisition. Egg clutches were only found attach...
Marine ornamental fish are a key component of the multimillion‐dollar marine aquarium trade industry, a controversial industry due to current heavy reliance on wild‐collected specimens. Aquaculture of marine ornamental fish is considered as a sustainable alternative, but it is still in the early stage of development. This review focuses on the curr...
A 120‐day trial was conducted to assess the effects of dietary fish oil replacement with vegetable oils on growth, lipid metabolism and antioxidant capacity of subadult swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus. Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated to replace 0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000g/kg of fish oil with a mixture of soybean and r...
Calreticulin (CRT) is an important molecular chaperon crucial to survival of organisms under adverse conditions. In this study, the potential roles of CRT in the mud crab, Scylla paramamosain, were investigated. Firstly, SpCRT gene expression was detected in various tissues of S. paramamosain with the highest expression found in the hepatopancreas....
This study quantifies the effects of astaxanthin concentration as a dietary supplement (25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm) and supplementation time (0, 14, 28, 42, 56, and 70 days) on the colouration of the marine ornamental fish Pseudochromis fridmani (Orchid dottyback), using natural (as vegetative Haematococcus pluvialis) and synthetic (as Carophyll Pink®...
The Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) is an euryhaline crustacean, whose adults migrate downstream to estuaries for reproduction. Lipids are believed to be involved in salinity adaptation during migration. This study investigated the effects of different salinities (0, 6, 12, and 18‰) on the total lipids, neutral lipids, and polar lipids con...
Tamoxifen (TAM) is an antiestrogenic agent and can enter the aquatic environment in wastewater. It has been reported that TAM can induce hepatic steatosis in vertebrates, however, the effects of TAM exposure on lipid metabolism of hepatopancreas in crustaceans remains unclear. In this study, four TAM concentrations (0, 6.7, 13.4 and 20 μg g-1 crab...
Crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) plays a crucial role in regulating carbohydrate metabolism in crustaceans. In this study, a new cDNA encoding type I CHH peptide, termed Sp-CHH3, was isolated from the mud crab Scylla paramamosain and its potential functions were investigated. The full length cDNA of Sp-CHH3 was identified as encoding a 127-aa...
This study examined the effects of dietary cholesterol on the survival, molting pattern, and growth of early juveniles of the blue swimmer crab, Portunus pelagicus. Seven isocaloric diets were formulated to contain cholesterol at 0 (basal diet), 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10, 12.5, and 15 g/kg diet dry weight. Survival ranged from 20 to 47.5%, with the highest...
The peppermint shrimp Lysmata vittata (Caridea: Hippolytidae) is a marine caridean shrimp popular in marine aquarium trade. The species is known to display the sexual system of protandric simultaneous hermaphrodite. In this study, based on captive bred specimens, the complete ontogenetic gonad development of L. vittata was studied both morphologica...
The complete larval and first crab stages of the decorator crab Camposcia retusa (Latreille, 1829) are described and illustrated based on laboratory-reared material for the first time. Specimens were obtained from larvae hatched from adult crabs collected from coral reefs of Queensland, Australia. Newly hatched larvae were successfully reared to se...
Neuropeptides, ubiquitous signaling molecules, commonly achieve their signaling function via interaction with cell membrane-spanning G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). In recent years, in the midst of the rapid development of next-generation sequencing technology, the amount of available information on encoded neuropeptides and their GPCRs sequen...
This study examined the effects of dietary phospholipid (PL) level on survival, growth, development and resistance to osmotic shock of early blue swimmer crab, Portunus pelagicus, juveniles. Six iso‐lipidic diets formulated to contain PL at 0 (basal), 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 g/kg (dry matter) were offered to first‐stage crabs (C1) until they achiev...
Two diatoms, Chaetoceros muelleri and Nitzschia closterium f. minutissima, were used for rearing nauplii to adults of Tigriopus japonicus, Acartia pacifica, and Pseudodiaptomus annandalei at different concentrations. The survival rates to adults and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST) of the adult copepods w...
Salinity plays a key role affecting ovarian development, osmoregulation and metabolism of female Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis during reproductive migration. In this study, female E. sinensis after their puberty molt were subjected to four salinities of 0, 6, 12, and 18‰ for 40 days to investigate the salinity effects on their ovarian dev...
This study evaluated the properties of nine Scylla paramamosain microsatellite loci screened by us previously for inclusion in a parentage assignment marker suite. These nine highly polymorphic markers (mean He=0.847 and PIC=0.830) were determined as being suitable for parentage assignment. Simulations based on allele frequency data from 15 known m...
This study aimed to establish feeding strategies covering the whole larval period of the forktail blenny, Meiacanthus atrodorsalis, based on the standard hatchery feeds of rotifers and Artemia. Three purposely designed experiments were conducted to determine the appropriate times and techniques to transition larvae from rotifers onto Artemia naupli...
As a catadromous species, salinity is a key parameter that affects gonadal development of Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis during reproductive migration. It is however unclear the effects of salinity on the gonadal development of male E. sinensis as well as their physiological responses to salinity during reproductive migration. This study in...
Large amounts of plastic end up in the oceans every year where they fragment into microplastics over time. During this process, microplastics and their associated plasticizers become available for ingestion by different organisms. This study assessed the effects of microplastics (Polyethylene terephthalate; PET) and one plasticizer (Di(2-ethylhexyl...
Although pond culture is the major culture method for Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) in China, the pattern of ovarian development in pond-reared E. sinensis remains unclear. This study investigated the changes in ovarian morphology and histology, gonadosomatic index (GSI), hepatosomatic index (HSI), and monthly variation of the ovarian de...
Lipids are crucial nutrients for survival and development of crustacean larvae. This study investigated the effects of starvation on survival, body weight, and lipid composition of newly hatched larvae of Portunus pelagicus. The results showed that during starvation, average survival time of newly hatched zoea I larvae was 3.87 days. A significant...
This study aimed to establish a benchmark regime for weaning the forktail blenny, Meiacanthus atrodorsalis, a popular marine ornamental fish, to a commercial marine fish hatchery diet. Three experiments were conducted to investigate the best age for weaning, and the optimal feeding frequency and ration for this species. Weaning M. atrodorsalis from...
Precocity is a common phenomenon among farmed Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis that significantly affect culture productivity and profitability. This study compared the reproductive performance, offspring quality, proximate and fatty acid composition of pond-reared precocious and normal sexual matured females of E. sinensis. While the average...
Determination of the original weight and length of sea cucumbers processed and dried to become bêche-de-mer (BDM), is an important tool in sea cucumber fishery management. The only management mechanism for the sea cucumber fishery in the Fiji Islands is a minimum length prescribed for BDM for export. However, different commercial species have diffe...
The prevalence of cannibalistic behavior among many commercially important decapod crustaceans is one of the biggest limiting factors to their culture productivity and profitability in aquaculture. Various biotic and abiotic factors influence cannibalism including stocking densities, molt status, size heterogeneity, photoperiod, light intensity, an...
It has been proposed that the feeding habit of cyclopoids is different from that of calanoid copepods in that they feed mainly on microalgae during early development but become carnivorous later. However, a different view also exists, believing that microalgae are the prime food for some cyclopoid copepods. In the present study, microalgae from var...
In arthropods, retinoid X receptor (RXR) is a highly conserved nuclear hormone receptor. By forming a heterodimeric complex with the ecdysone receptor (EcR), RXR is known to be vital importance for various physiological processes. However, in comparison to EcR, the RXR signaling pathway and its roles in crustacean reproduction are poorly understood...
Identifying suitable alternatives to fish oil for inclusion in formulated diets for aquaculture species is becoming increasingly important; however, relatively few studies have assessed the potential of terrestrial oils as possible replacements for fish oil in diets for marine crustaceans. This study examined the potential of soybean oil as a parti...
Calanoid copepods are an important food source for most fish larvae. Their role as a natural prey item means that it is important to develop culture technology for copepods to meet the requirements of larvae culture in aquaculture hatcheries. Copepods have been cultured successfully for some time; however, the implications of long-term cultivation...
Chaperonin containing the T-complex polypeptide-1 (CCT), which is known to be involved in intracellular assembly and folding of proteins, is a class of chaperonin omnipresent in all forms of life. Previous studies showed that CCT played a vital role in cold hardiness of various animals. In order to understand the response of the polypeptide complex...
The blue-legged gold coral banded shrimp, Stenopus cyanoscelis, is among the most popular marine ornamental shrimp; however, no information on its larval culture is available. A 40-day experiment was performed to evaluate effects of prey type and prey density on survival and development of early S. cyanoscelis larvae. Newly hatched larvae were fed...
It has been reported that certain microalgae have the ability to cause various negative effects on pelagic calanoid copepods. However, whether such pelagic microalgae have similar negative effects on benthic copepods has had little attention. The results of the present study indicated that both benthic naupliar and copepodite stages of the harpacti...
Newly molted first stage juvenile mud crabs (C1), Scylla paramamosain, were subjected to different temperatures (14, 20, 26, 32 and 39 °C), salinity (5, 10, 20, 30 and 40), starvation conditions and autotomy (for the autotomy experiment, the second stage crabs (C2) were used) to assess their effects on molting success, molting interval and correspo...
In arthropods, it is known ecdysteroids regulate molting, limb regeneration and reproduction through activating the ecdysone receptor (EcR). However, the ecdysteroid signaling pathway for promoting ovarian development in crustaceans is still unclear. In this study, three cDNA isoforms of EcR were cloned from the mud crab Scylla paramamosain. qRT-PC...
Byssus play an important role in securing bivalve molluscs to their respective substrates. This study investigated the impacts of relative current strength and different culture apparatus on byssus secretion by the black-lip pearl oyster, Pinctada margaritifera. Oysters were either ‘ear-hung’ or housed in panel nets before being transported to low...
Aquatic animals can often undergo substantial physiological responses to salinity; however, associated lipid/fatty acid alterations to their various tissues have received little attention. To investigate this, we measured the growth of mud crab, Scylla serrata, juveniles over two moults (duration of 23-60 days) at salinities of 4, 12, 20, 28, 36 an...
Blue swimmer crab, Portunus pelagicus, is a commercially important crab throughout the Indo-Pacific region, that plays an important role in the food chains of coastal ecosystems. P. pelagicus undergoes four pelagic zoeal stages and a post-larval megalopal stage before settling as benthic juvenile; however, very limited information is available on l...
As their natural prey, copepods are considered the ideal diets for hatchery culture of fish larvae. However, intensive cultivation of copepods has proven difficult and low culture productivity is the norm, which severely limits their use in aquaculture. This study investigated the effects of algal diets on a range of productivity-related parameters...
Nitrogenous wastes including ammonia-N, nitrite-N, and nitrate-N are increasingly becoming a global issue in aquatic ecosystems due to escalating anthropogenic activities and are a ubiquitous concern in aquaculture. These pollutants are interrelated via the nitrification cycle, with the direct metabolic product ammonia-N generally being the most to...
A series of laboratory experiments were conducted
on the harpacticoid copepod, Euterpina acutifrons, to
assess the in£uence of 10 di¡erent microalgal diets
(four monoalgal and six mixed algal diets) on several
parameters related to its productivity in culture. The
four monoalgal diets were the Tahitian strain of Isochrysis
sp. (T-Iso), Pavlova sali...
It is well known that altered Na+/K+ ratios of water can reduce the survival and growth of crustaceans due to osmoregulatory disruptions. However, since the mechanisms involved with osmoregulation are also linked with ammonia-N excretion, it is unclear whether altered Na+/K+ ratios will also affect the ability of crustaceans to withstand ammonia-N...
[Extract] Over recent decades, crab aquaculture has emerged as a new industry, driven by increasing market demand and collapses of crab stocks and fisheries worldwide. Building on symposia previously held in Australia, the Philippines and Vietnam, the ISAMBC-2009 meeting brought together international crab scientists and industry to share insights...
In Asia, trash fish have been routinely used in aquaculture often due to their local availability and lower costs compared
to formulated feed. However, stale trash fish contain high levels of biogenic amines, which have been reported to be harmful
to poultry and some aquatic animals. The present study elevated the effects of histamine levels in the...
The culture of mud crabs Scylla serrata (Forskal) is largely experimental in Australia but some operators are producing marketable quantities. In an effort to understand the bottlenecks to production in hatcheries, a number of disease studies were initiated. In one study, basophilic to particularly magenta, intranuclear inclusions consistent with i...
The increasingly popular aquarium hobby is fueling the rapid growth of the aquatic ornamental industry, particularly the trade of marine ornamental species. However, currently there is a heavy reliance on wild caught marine ornamentals to satisfy consumer demand. As public awareness of the plight of marine ecosystems grows, the often destructive an...
Precocious puberty is one of the major constraints to the further development of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) farming industry. Although dietary phospholipids (PL) and highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) supplementation have been shown to enhance the growth of larval E. sinensis in other studies, it is still unknown whether this also...
We examined the effects of 10 microalgal diets on a range of productivity-related parameters of Bestiolina similis. The diets tested included four monoalgal diets: Tahitian strain Isochrysis sp. (T-Iso), Pavlova salina (Pav), Tetraselmis chuii (Tet) and the diatom Chaetoceros muelleri (Chaet), five binary diets: Tet+Pav, T-Iso+Tet, T-Iso+Pav, Chaet...
The present study investigated the external and histological changes in the ovary and measured the gonadosomatic index (GSI) and hepatosomatic index (HSI) during the re-maturation of the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. The results show that the ovarian re-maturation cycle of this crab species can be divided into four stages, i.e. Stage I: t...
Although the swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus females can spawn up to 5 times during a reproductive season, only larvae hatched from the first brood are normally used for larval culture in commercial hatcheries. With the increasing price of swimming crab broodstock and decreasing availability of wild stock, there are increasing interests in t...
Estuaries are often subjected to intensive aquaculture activities. Finfish and crustacean culture frequently involve the use of trash fish, which can contain high amounts of histamine. This has the potential to be a major ecological concern since this trash fish often becomes a feed source for naturally occurring small aquatic animals, such as mysi...
The nutritional value of various edible parts of the blue swimmer crab (Portunus pelagicus) was evaluated, and gender differences in terms of edible yield, proximate composition, amino acids, lipid classes and fatty acid content were compared. The results showed that females (44.3%) had a higher edible yield than males (35.9%) (P < 0.05). Although...
The farming of the swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus, has expanded quickly in east China over the past decade. To date, the seed production of the crab is dependent on wild-caught broodstock, which could become a constraint to the sustainable development of this crab aquaculture. The present study was conducted to compare the reproductive per...
The blue swimmer crab is a commercially important species of the tropical Indo-Pacific regions that shows substantial potential as a candidate species for aquaculture. Optimization of larval rearing conditions, including photoperiod, is therefore important to establish a method for the intensive hatchery culture of this species. Newly hatched larva...
A series of experiments was conducted to evaluate the suitability of ten microalgal diets, including 4
monoalgal, 5 binary and 1 tri-algal diet, for the culture of the tropical paracalanid copepod Bestiolina similis.
The four monoalgal diets were the Tahitian strain of Isochrysis sp. (T-Iso), Pavlova 50 (Pav), Tetraselmis chuii
(Tet) and the diatom...
Ammonia-N toxicity to early Portunus pelagicus juveniles at different salinities was investigated along with changes to haemolymph osmolality, Na(+), K(+), Ca(2+) and ammonia-N levels, ammonia-N excretion and gill Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity. Experimental crabs were acclimated to salinities 15, 30 and 45 per thousand for one week and 25 replicate cr...
Abstract Lipid class and fatty acid (FA) analysis were conducted on newly molted, fed, and starved zoea V and megalopa of the mud crab, Scylla serrata (S. serrata). Larvae starved for 4 d showed a substantial decrease in total FA content, from 49.67 g/mg to 13.94 g/mg ash-free dry weight (AFDW) at the zoea V stage, and from 38.47 g/mg to 10.40 ...
It is yet unclear whether sub-lethal ammonia-N levels cause irreparable damage to aquatic crustaceans, or if recovery is possible, the potential factors involved. The aim was to investigate the effect of 0.706 and 2.798 mmol L−1 ammonia-N exposure on the haemolymph osmolality, Na+, K+, Ca2+, pH, ammonia-N, total haemocyte counts (THC) and gill hist...
The index case of white tail disease (WTD) is presented in adult broodstock prawns Macrobrachium rosenbergii from the Flinders River in western Queensland, Australia, in mid-2007. Histological examination revealed extensive myonecrosis with massive infiltration of myonuclei and some haemocytes. Juveniles from the same broodstock but not from 3 othe...
