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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 12 | Dec-2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
IoT Based Smart Trash Bins – A Step Toward Smart City
Shamlee Rashinkar 1, Sneha Ghatole 2, Swati Kadapatti 3, Varsha Yadave 4,
Chaitanya Jambotkar 5
1,2,3,4 5th SEM Students in Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, KLE.I.T, Hubli, Karnataka, India.
5 Assistant Professor in Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, KLE.I.T, Hubli, Karnataka, India.
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Abstract - Waste management is one of the primary
problem that the world faces irrespective of the case of
developed or developing country. The key issue in the waste
management is that the garbage bin at public places gets
overflowed well in advance before the commencement of the
next cleaning process. It in turn leads to various hazards such
as bad odor & ugliness to that place which may be the root
cause for spread of various diseases. To avoid all such
hazardous scenario and maintain public cleanliness and
health our work is mounted on a smart garbage system. The
main idea of proposed work is to develop a smart intelligent
garbage alert system for a proper garbage management. A
smart alert system is designed for garbage clearance by giving
an alert signal to the municipal web server for instant
cleaning of dustbin with proper verification based on level of
garbage filling. This process is aided by the ultrasonic sensor
which is interfaced with Arduino UNO to check the level of
garbage filled in the garbage bin and sends the alert to the
municipal web server once if garbage is 90% filled via IoT.
Once the alert is received, Municipal Corporation takes
initiative to clean the same. After cleaning the garbage bin,
municipal web server gets updated about the garbage bin
been cleaned. This system provides information regarding
status of how waste collection is being done and followed up
by the municipality authority.
Key Words: Smart Bin, Arduino, Waste management, IoT.
1. INTRODUCTION
Waste management is the action required to manage waste
from its inception to its final disposal [1]. This includes
collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste
together with monitoring and regulation. Waste collection
methods vary widely among different countries and regions.
Domestic waste collection services are often provided by
local government authorities.
Curbside collection is the most common method of disposal
in most countries, in which waste is collected at regular
intervals by specialized trucks. Waste collected is then
transported to an appropriate disposal area. Nowadays,
cities with developing economies experience exhausted
waste collection services, inadequately managed and
uncontrolled dumpsites and the problems are worsening [2].
Waste collection method in such countries is an on-going
challenge and many struggle due to weak institutions and
rapid urbanization.
The following is the need for improvement in waste
management system
By 2030, almost two-third of the world’s population
will be living in cities. This fact requires the
development of sustainable solutions for urban life,
managing waste is a key issue for the health [2].
Efficient and energy-saving waste management,
reducing CO2,air pollution and vehicle exhaust
emissions—these are just a few examples for the
demands of future cities. In views of that, the
efficient use and responsible handling of resources
become more important.
Effectively managing waste is important in
developed countries. Waste management may
swallow up to 50% of a city’s budget, but only serve
a small part of the population.
Sometimes, up to 60%of waste is not being
collected; it is often simply burned by the roadside.
It can pollute drinking water; it can spread disease
to people living nearby.
Even with great route optimization, the worker
must still physically go to the dustbin to check
waste levels. Because of this, trucks often visit
containers that do not need emptying, which wastes
both time and fuel.
Waste management prevents harm to human health
and the environment by reducing the volume and
hazardous character of residential and industrial
waste.
2. MOTIVATION
Hubli city's current waste collection logistics is carried out
by emptying containers according to predefined schedules
and routes which are repeated at a set frequency. Such a
System has major disadvantages:
Time consuming
High costs
Greater traffic and congestion.
Unnecessary fuel consumption.
Increased noise and air pollution as a result of more
trucks on the road.
© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 768
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 12 | Dec-2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
All the above disadvantages are a result of lack of real time
information resulting in unsuccessful collection of waste.
The Hubli Municipal itself finds this as a big problem and a
big hurdle in between Hubli Smart City initiative. There is an
urgent need to optimize the management of this service to
reduce infrastructure, operating and maintenance costs, as
well as reduce contamination directly associated with waste
collection.
Fig. 1 Conditions in the city
3. PROBLEM STATEMENT
As we have seen number of times the trash cans are getting
over flown and concern person don’t get the information
within a time and due to which unsanitary condition formed
in the surroundings, at the same time bad odor spread out
due to waste, bad look of the city which paves the way for air
pollution and to some harmful diseases around the locality
which is easily spreadable.
4. LITERATURE SURVEY
The idea of smart trash bins and systems have been in
discussion for quite a long time. The technologies used at
disposal to develop this smart system have also evolved, i.e.
from WSNs to RFIDs to now the most popular Internet of
Things (IoT). Each idea seems to be similar but is slightly
different at its core and our proposed work is no exception
from the same. After the IoT field, finding its hold in our
lives, this is our original plan for designing a smart garbage
collection system which has provision for citizen
participation and analysis of data for better decision
making. At hardware level, the smart system is a garbage bin
with ultrasonic sensor, a micro-controller and Wi-Fi module
for transmission of data.
The worldwide implementation of Internet of Things is
possible with a cloud centric vision [1]. This work exploits
the future possibilities, key technologies and application that
are likely to drive IoT research. But a strong foundation to
our work is provided, where the basics and applications of
Arduino board is explained [5].
It is quite interesting as it implements a GAYT (Get As You
Throw) system concept as a way to encourage recycling
among citizens [6]. As we would discuss further, the citizen
participation part of our system is quite influenced by their
work.
The following defines the survey of Hubli area,
Population : over 10 lakhs
Area : 665.66 km2.
No. of wards : 58
Total quantity of solid waste generated: 380-400 tons per
day
Method of collection :
Primary collection : door to door collection
Provided metallic container in designated places all
over the city.
Mode of transportation (secondary transportation):
Tippers and lorries covered with plastic
Dumper placers
Compacters
5. OBJECTIVE
The main objective of the project is to involve IoT technology
to the current urban waste management scenario and enable
a two way communication between the infrastructures
deployed in the city and the Operators/administrators. A
centralized system for real-time monitoring is our goal to
achieve. In this way both the municipal and citizens benefit
from an optimized system which results in major cost
savings and less urban pollution
6. METHODOLOGY
Fig.2 Block diagram of the proposed concept
© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 769
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 12 | Dec-2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
As shown in Fig. 2, the proposed system consists of three
ultra sonic sensors, an Arduino microcontroller and an WiFi
modem. ESP8266Wi-Fi module is used for connecting the
Arduino to the web server.
The ultra sonic sensors so used in this project, are used for
detecting whether the trash can is filled with garbage or not.
When the distance measured by the ultra sonic sensors is
less than the threshold value programmed in
microcontroller it depicts that the thrash can is filled. The
same is intimated to the municipal corporation via WiFi
modem (IoT) by displaying the message on server as
“Basket is Full” and if the distance will be more than the
threshold value set, then the message on server is displayed
as “Basket is Empty”. To avoid false triggering of the
message to municipal corporation three sensors are installed
in the system.
7. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROPOSED CONCEPT
Fig. 3 Implemented circuit
The above Fig. 3 represents the circuit diagram of the
proposed concept. The ESP8266 is interfaced with the
Arduino as ESP8266 operates at 3.3V, the VCC and the
CH_PD pin were connected to the 3.3V pin of Arduino. The
RX pin of ESP8266 operates at 3.3V hence a voltage divider
was designed where in three 1k resistors were connected in
series and further the RX was connected to the pin 11 of the
Arduino through the resistors and also the TX was connected
to the pin 10 of the Arduino.
Further the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor was interfaced to the
Arduino. Further VCC and the ground of the ultrasonic
sensor were connected to the 5V and the ground of the
Arduino respectively. Lastly the TRIG and ECHO pin of
ultrasonic sensor were connected to the pin 8 and pin 9 of
the Arduino respectively.
Fig. 4 Flowchart of the implemented code
8. FLOWCHART OF THE IMPLEMENTED CODE
© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 770
9. IMPLEMENTED SYSTEM
Fig.5 Image of Implemented circuit
The above Fig.5 depicts the proposed concept been
implemented. As we can observe the system is designed to
indicate us that whether the trash can is empty or full
through the web server and we can know the status of the
‘Trash Can’ or 'Dumpsters' from anywhere in the world over
the Internet. It will be very useful and can be installed in the
Trash Cans at public places as well as at home.
To test the system, after uploading the code; open the Serial
Monitor and it will show you an IP address as shown below.
Fig.6 Screenshot of Serial Monitor
Type this IP address in the browser, it will direct to the
server of municipal corporation. If the sensor value read by
the Arduino is higher than the threshold value set in the
controller the following message is shown on the server
(Municipal Corporation) else it displays the message as
“Basket is Full”
10. CONCLUSION
The implemented system assures the cleaning of trash cans
once the garbage level reaches its maximum limit. This
system also helps to monitor the fake reports and hence can
reduce the corruption in the overall management system.
This reduces the total number of trips of garbage collection
vehicle and hence reduces the overall expenditure associated
with the garbage collection. It ultimately helps to keep
cleanliness in the society. Therefore, the smart garbage
management system makes the garbage collection more
efficient. The implemented system was tested with five
iteration of alternative trash in the bins the system was
found 100% accurate as it depicted exact result of the trash
can under test.
11. FUTURE SCOPE
With the help of proper technology (GPS & software
applications) the lorry can be guided in selecting the
shortest path for garbage collection. This project can add an
edge to the cities aiming to get smart and eco-friendly.
REFERENCES
[1] P. Suresh, J. Vijay Daniel, Dr.V.Parthasarathy “ A state of
the art review on the Internet of Things (IoT)”
International Conference on Science, Engineering and
Management Research (ICSEMR 2014).
[2] Arkady Zaslavsky, Dimitrios Georgakopoulos “Internet
of Things: Challenges and State-of-the-art solutions in
Internet-scale Sensor Information Management and
Mobile Analytics” 2015 16th IEEE International
Conference on Mobile Data Management.
[3] Theodoros.Anagnostopoulos1,Arkady.Zaslavsky2,1,
Alexey Medvedev1, Sergei Khoruzhnicov “1Top–k
Query based Dynamic Scheduling for IoT-enabled
Smart City Waste Collection” 2015 16th IEEE
International Conference on Mobile Data Management.
[4] Vikrant Bhor, Pankaj Morajkar, Maheshwar Gurav,
Dishant Pandya4 “Smart Garbage Management System”
International Journal of Engineering Research &
Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-018 IJERTV4IS031175
Vol. 4 Issue 03, March-2015.
Fig. 7 Screenshot of Web Page
© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 771
