Cécile Vors

French Institute of Health and Medical Research | Inserm · Cardio-Metabolism, Diabetes and Nutrition Research Laboratory - CarMeN

Sphingolipids are structural components of cell membranes and lipoproteins but also act as signaling molecules in many pathophysiological processes. Although sphingolipids comprise a small part of the plasma lipidome, some plasma sphingolipids are recognized as implicated in the development of metabolic diseases and cardiovascular diseases. Plasma...

Justification: Bile acids (BA) are the end products of cholesterol catabolism and may act as signalling molecules and metabolic regulators of energy homeostasis. Disorders in BA metabolism can lead to liver and cardiovascular diseases. In a 4-week double-blind RCT (VALOBAB-C), we demonstrated that the daily consumption of a cream cheese enriched wi...

Animal models of human diseases are classically fed purified diets that contain casein as the unique protein source. We show that provision of a mixed protein source mirroring that found in the western diet exacerbates diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance by potentiating hepatic mTORC1/S6K1 signaling as compared to casein alone. These effect...

BACKGROUND High circulating levels of ceramides (Cer) and sphingomyelins (SM) are associated with cardiometabolic diseases. The consumption of whole fat dairy products, naturally containing such polar lipids (PL), is associated with health benefits, but the impact on sphingolipidome remains unknown.METHODS In a 4-week randomized controlled trial, 5...

The metabolic impact of dietary lipids needs to be considered beyond the fatty acid profile and energetic value of such lipids. Fatty acids are the building blocks of the different lipid molecules, including triacylglycerols and phospholipids, which are organized within various supramolecular structures such as emulsion droplets. These structures c...

Increased blood pressure (BP), vascular dysfunction and inflammation are involved in the etiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although several dietary components such as polyphenols and L-citrulline may help to control BP, their combined impact on ambulatory BP in individuals at risk of CVD remains unknown. The objective of this research was t...

Purpose of review: The impact of dietary lipids on cardiometabolic health was mainly studied considering their fatty acid composition. This review aims to present the recent change in paradigm whereby the food matrix, the molecular and supramolecular structures of dietary lipids modulate their digestive fate and cardiometabolic impact. Recent fin...

Recent data from randomized clinical trials (RCTs) suggest that DHA may have stronger anti-inflammatory effects than EPA. This body of evidence has not yet been quantitatively reviewed. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of DHA and EPA on several markers of systemic inflammation by pairwise and network meta-analyses of RCTs. MEDLINE, E...

Circulating levels of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) and soluble cluster of differentiation 14 (sCD14) are recognized as clinical markers of endotoxemia. In obese men, postprandial endotoxemia is modulated by the amount of fat ingested, being higher compared to normal-weight (NW) subjects. Relative variations of LBP/sCD14 ratio in respons...

Oxylipins and endocannabinoids (eCBs) both belong to superclasses of lipid mediators with potent inflammation modulatory activities. The adipose tissue (AT) plays a key role in metabolic syndrome-related inflammation, via altered adipocyte physiology, infiltrated macrophages and altered profile of eCBs. We previously reported that DHA is more poten...

Objectives To investigate the short-term impact of supplementation with a combination of polyphenols extracts and L-citrulline on ambulatory blood pressure (BP), vascular function and inflammation in pre-hypertensive individuals. Methods In a randomized double-blind parallel trial, men and women with pre-hypertension were subjected to 6-wk supplem...

Objectives The aim of this study was to compare the effect of DHA and EPA on several markers of systemic inflammation by pairwise and network meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE and The Cochrane Library were searched through September 2019. We included RCTs of ≥ 7 days that directly compared the effects of...

More than 90% of the lipids are present in the diet as triglycerides (TG), carrying three esterified dietary fatty acids (FAs) per triglyceride molecule. Phospholipids (PLs) are other important carriers of dietary FAs. Altogether, the daily intake of dietary FAs from TG and PLs will not ultimately lead to the same amount of FAs being released in th...

Dietary fats are present in the diet under different types of structures, such as spread vs emulsions (notably in processed foods and enteral formula), and interest is growing regarding their digestion and intestinal absorption. In clinical trials, there is often a need to add stable isotope-labeled triacylglycerols (TAGs) as tracers to the ingeste...

Objective To investigate whether milk polar lipids (PL) impact human intestinal lipid absorption, metabolism, microbiota and associated markers of cardiometabolic health. Design A double-blind, randomised controlled 4-week study involving 58 postmenopausal women was used to assess the chronic effects of milk PL consumption (0, 3 or 5 g-PL/day) on...

Objectives: Nutritional strategies can play a major role in the management of cholesterolemia, notably in postmenopausal women at risk of CVD. Interest has recently grown on the potential health benefits of milk polar lipids (MPL). We showed that isolipidic enrichment of the diet with MPL improved several lipid CV risk factors but underlying mecha...

Objectives: Animal models fed a high-fat high-sucrose (HFHS) diet are commonly used to study obesity and cardiometabolic diseases. While much attention is paid to the impact of fat and carbohydrates sources, very little consideration is given to the composition of dietary proteins. Indeed, casein is often the only source of protein in rodent's die...

Studies show that the reduction in serum triglyceride concentrations with long-chain omega-3 fatty acid supplementation is highly variable among individuals. The objectives of this study were to compare the proportions of individuals whose triglyceride concentrations are lowered after high-dose docosahexaenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA),...

Discipline Clinique. Introduction et but de l’étude Des perturbations du métabolisme lipidique à jeun et en phase postprandiale constituent des facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire. La nutrition joue un rôle majeur dans leur modulation, notamment chez les femmes ménopausées qui constituent une population à risque. Un intérêt s’est récemment dévelop...

Introduction et but de l’étude L’hyperlipémie postprandiale et l’altération de la bêta-oxydation des lipides sont des facteurs de risque métaboliques liés à l’obésité et en lien direct avec l’apport alimentaire en lipides. La quantité et la taille des chylomicrons sont connus pour conditionner leur élimination et sont capables de moduler la réparti...

Background Postprandial hyperlipemia and altered dietary lipid beta‐oxidation are now recognized as metabolic risk factors in obesity that are directly associated with dietary fat intake. The amount and size of chylomicrons are known to impact their clearance and thus possibly modulate the final partitioning of dietary fatty acids (FA) between β‐ox...

Background Whether eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids have distinct effects on cardiometabolic risk remains unclear as most studies to date have used a mixture of the two fatty acids in various forms and proportions. The Omega‐3 Index (O3I) reflects the sum of EPA and DHA as percent of fatty acids in red blood cell (RBC) membran...

Context Supplementation with high dose of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) increases serum LDL-cholesterol (C) concentrations more than high dose eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Mechanisms underlying this difference are unknown. Objective To examine the phenotypic change in LDL and mechanisms responsible for the differential LDL-C response to EPA and DHA s...

Background: High-fat meals induce postprandial inflammation. Resveratrol is a polyphenol known to prevent comorbidities associated with cardiovascular disease and exerts an anti-inflammatory action. There is also an increasing body of evidence supporting the role of curcumin, a polyphenol from the curcuminoid family, as a modulator of proinflammat...

Background Research infrastructures (RIs) are essential to advance research on the relationship between food, nutrition, and health. RIs will facilitate innovation and allow insights at the systems level which are required to design (public health) strategies that will address societal challenges more effectively. Approach In the EuroDISH project...

Background Recent initiatives in Europe have encouraged the formalisation of research infrastructure to unify fragmented facilities, resources and services; and to facilitate world-class research of complex public health challenges, such as those related to non-communicable disease. How this can be achieved in the area of food and health has, to da...

Background Postprandial hyperlipemia is recognized as a major cardio-metabolic risk factor, recently linked to the co-absorption of pro-inflammatory lipopolysaccharides with dietary lipids. This causes endotoxemia that is involved in the pathophysiology of obesity and insulin resistance, but to date the impact of food formulation is unknown. We tes...

Résumé Les effets des lipides sur la santé doivent aujourd’hui être étudiés par des approches allant au-delà de leur densité énergétique et de leur profil en acides gras. En effet, ces acides gras sont les briques élémentaires de différentes molécules lipidiques telles que les triacylglycérols et les phospholipides, elles-mêmes organisées sous form...

Purpose of review: We provide here an up-to-date perspective on the potential use of LDL particle number and size as complementary risk factors to predict and manage cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in the clinical realm. Recent findings: Studies show that a significant proportion of the population has discordant LDL particle number and cholest...

Background Apolipoprotein C‐III (apoC‐III) is an emerging risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its presence on very‐low density lipoproteins (VLDL) may enhance their atherogenicity, primarily by delaying their rate of catabolism. We have shown in a recent study that high‐dose supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid ( DHA) led to more...

Background: Recent studies suggest that eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids have distinct effects on cardiometabolic risk factors. The Omega-3 Index (O3I), which is calculated as the proportion of EPA and DHA in red blood cell (RBC) membranes, has been inversely associated with the risk of coronary heart diseases and coronary mo...

Les effets des lipides sur la santé doivent aujourd'hui être étudiés par des approches allant au-delà de leur densité énergétique et de leur profil en acides gras. En effet, ces acides gras sont les briques élémentaires de différentes molécules lipidiques telles que les triacylglycérols et les phospholipides, elles-mêmes organisées sous forme de st...

Background and aims: Whether EPA and DHA exert similar anti-inflammatory effects through modulation of gene expression in immune cells remains unclear. The aim of the study was to compare the impact of EPA and DHA supplementation on inflammatory gene expression in subjects at risk for cardiometabolic diseases. Methods: In this randomized double-...

Introduction et but de l’etude En situation d’obesite, l’exposition par voie orale aux matieres grasses alimentaires peut moduler la digestion et l’absorption des lipides. Cependant, les mecanismes oraux sous-jacents n’ont pas ete clairement identifies. Nous avons teste l’hypothese que des composants de la salive impliques dans la sensibilite orale...

Dans tout régime alimentaire, les lipides font partie constitutive d’aliments complexes et se retrouvent incorporés sous la forme de structures diverses. Parmi ces structures, ce sont les émulsions qui sont les plus représentées et employées en agroalimentaire et en nutrition clinique. Par ailleurs, l’absorption intestinale des lipides et les évène...

The low-grade inflammation observed in obesity is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and insulin resistance. Among factors triggering such inflammation, recent works revealed the role of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), so-called endotoxins. LPS are naturally present in the gut via the intestinal microbiota. Recent studies show that they...

Postprandial endotoxemia is a metabolic risk factor, which has been shown to originate from the intestinal absorption of gut LPS using non-physiological high-fat tests. To determine if different realistic fat amounts can modulate postprandial dynamics and handling of LPS by varying postprandial lipidemia in humans of different BMI. Randomized contr...

Introduction: Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) or so-called endotoxins are potent pro-inflammatory compounds. LPS can be present in the bloodstream in case of septic conditions, leading to measure endotoxemia that is the activity of LPS in plasma. Recent research also reveals a low-grade or so-called metabolic endotoxemia associated with metabolic disease...

In the pathophysiological context of obesity, oral exposure to dietary fat can modulate lipid digestion and absorption but underlying in-mouth mechanisms have not been clearly identified. Therefore we tested the hypothesis that salivary components related to dietary fat sensitivity would differ according to BMI and postprandial lipid metabolism in...

Objectives: LPS, so‐called endotoxins, are now recognized as a triggering factor of the low‐grade inflammation observed in obesity. Recent findings revealed that digestion of a lipid‐rich meal induces a postprandial endotoxemia contributing to increased metabolic risk. However, the possible nutritional modulation of postprandial endotoxemia by vari...

Résumé La composante inflammatoire des maladies métaboliques fait l’objet de nombreux travaux, avec les notions d’inflammation métabolique concernant le phénomène chronique de bas grade, ou encore d’inflammation postprandiale pour le phénomène transitoire observé suite à un repas. De nombreux biomarqueurs sont utilisés et l’endotoxémie fait partie...

Introduction

L’être humain passe plus des trois quarts de sa vie à l’état postprandial. Si les liens entre maladies cardiométaboliques et anomalies du métabolisme à jeun ont été largement étudiés, il apparaît tout aussi important de s’interroger sur le rôle des paramètres biologiques en phase postprandiale, en lien notamment avec les phénomènes de lipo/glucotox...

Humans spend more than three-quarters of their lives in the postprandial state. Although the link between metabolic and cardiovascular diseases and fasting lipid and carbohydrate metabolism has been extensively studied and illustrated on the basis of conventional parameters (cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, etc), it is equally legitima...

Background: Prolonged postprandial hypertriglyceridemia is a potential risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. In the context of obesity, this is associated with a chronic imbalance of lipid partitioning oriented toward storage and not toward β-oxidation. Objective: We tested the hypothesis that the physical structure of fat in a meal can modif...

The alteration of postprandial lipid metabolism and associated chronic inflammation emerge as major elements in the obesity pathophysiology. The involvement of the intestinal absorption of endotoxin from microbiota during lipid digestion was recently highlighted. However, the modulation of these phenomena by different amounts of differently structu...

L’altération du métabolisme postprandial des lipides et l’inflammation chronique associée apparaissent comme des éléments majeurs de la physiopathologie de l’obésité. L’implication de l’absorption intestinale d’endotoxines bactériennes du microbiote au cours de la digestion des lipides a été mise en évidence. Cependant la modulation de ces phénomèn...

L’inflammation à bas bruit est aujourd’hui reconnue comme une caractéristique métabolique majeure en situation d’obésité qui augmente les risques d’insulinorésistance et de maladies cardiovasculaires. Parmi les facteurs possibles déclenchant et entretenant cette inflammation, la littérature récente et nos travaux ont révélé le rôle de l’absorption...

There is a growing interest in the optimization of dietary emulsions for monitoring postprandial lipid metabolism in the frame of preventing metabolic diseases. Using various emulsions, we investigated in a systematic scheme the combination of (i) in vitro gastrointestinal lipolysis and (ii) absorption and metabolism of lipolysis media in Caco-2 ce...

Lipid metabolism studies focus mainly on oxidation and storage but rarely on faecal elimination, which is needed to assess total lipid distribution during the postprandial period. The purpose of the present work was to set up and validate the analysis of lipid tracers in stools, with an aim of later using this methodology in studies of postprandial...

Introduction Les sujets obeses presentent un desequilibre chronique de la balance de repartition des graisses, favorisant leur stockage dans le tissu adipeux au detriment de leur orientation vers les voies d’oxydation. L’alteration du metabolisme postprandial des lipides apparait ainsi comme l’un des elements majeurs de la physiopathologie de l’obe...

Metabolic diseases such as obesity are characterized by a subclinical inflammatory state that contributes to the development of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. Recent reports also indicate that (i) there are alterations of the intestinal microbiota in metabolic diseases and (ii) absorption of endogenous endotoxins (namely lipopolysaccharide...

Introduction L’obésité et le diabète sont des pathologies nutritionnelles devenues l’un des problèmes majeurs de santé publique notamment par ses conséquences cardiovasculaires. Les études physiopathologiques récentes ont montré le rôle de l’inflammation dans la genèse de ce risque cardiovasculaire et mis en évidence les liens entre nutrition et in...

Low-grade inflammation is a risk factor for the onset of atherosclerosis. Little is known about the involvement of endotoxin absorption from the gut during the digestion of lipids. In the present study, we first investigated in humans the impact of a mixed meal containing dispersed lipids on postprandial endotoxemia and inflammation. We then invest...