Carmen Zottarelli

Instituto de Botânica | ibot · Mycology

Pythium tracheiphilum is a narrow host range oomycete first described infecting lettuce in Italy. Subsequently, the pathogen was reported in many other countries. From 2015 to 2019, Pythium isolates were recovered from lettuce plants with symptoms of leaf rot, wilting and vascular necrosis, collected from commercial fields in different rural locali...

Saprolegniaceae s.l. is a species-rich family of the monophyletic order Saprolegniales (Oomycota, Straminipila). Members of this family are primarily saprotrophs on cellulosic, chitinous, and proteinaceous materials in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. This family also includes pathogens infecting various hosts, such as plants, crustaceans,...

The Global Consortium for the Classification of Fungi and fungus-like taxa is an international initiative of more than 550 mycologists to develop an electronic structure for the classification of these organisms. The members of the Consortium originate from 55 countries/regions worldwide, from a wide range of disciplines, and include senior, mid-ca...

Cladochytriales comprises a taxonomic order and lineage of chytrid fungi that are primarily saprobes of organic matter in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. The order contains species from 12 genera, though molecular confirmations of almost all type species are lacking, and many genera are considered polyphyletic. We conducted phylogenetic analyse...

We present herein the occurrence and distribution of the heterotrophic straminipiles collected from soil and water, submerged leaves and surface sediment from freshwater bodies at “Mosaico de Unidades de Conservação Juréia-Itatins”, a preserved conservation unit of the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest. From 180 collected samples, we isolated 41 taxa b...

Cladochytriales comprises a taxonomic order and lineage of chytrid fungi that are primarily saprobes of organic matter in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. The order contains species from twelve genera, though molecular confirmations of almost all type species are lacking, and many genera are considered polyphyletic. We conducted phylogenetic ana...

We present herein the occurrence and distribution of the heterotrophic straminipiles collected from soil and water, submerged leaves and surface sediment from freshwater bodies at “Mosaico de Unidades de Conservação Juréia-Itatins”, a preserved conservation unit of the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest. From 180 collected samples, we isolated 41 taxa b...

In this study, we isolated and identified oomycete species of the genus Saprolegnia. Saprolegnia atlantica, a new species isolated from soil and freshwater bodies in areas of the Atlantic Rainforest (São Paulo state, Brazil), is described herein based on morphology and phylogenetic analyses of combined ITS and LSU regions of the nuclear ribosomal D...

Cladochytriales comprise multiple monocentric and polycentric lineages of chytrids, which are commonly found as saprobes in algae and decaying plant material in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Although monocentric species are more common among the Chytridiomycota, additional polycentric chytrids have been described in recent years. During our o...

In this 7th contribution to the Fungal Systematics and Evolution series published by Sydowia, the authors formally describe 14 species: Cantharomyces paschalis, Cryptandromyces pinguis, C. tricornis, Laboulbenia amblystomi (Laboulbeniales); Cortinarius squamosus, Entoloma brunneicoeruleum, E. callipygmaeum, E. minutigranulosum, E. perasprellum, E....

Systematics of Chytridiales has been deeply influenced by analyses of molecular loci and zoospore ultrastructure. Even though the Chytridiales is the largest order within Chytridiomycota, Brazilian isolates of this clade have been poorly integrated. Here, we isolated seven species and documented their morphology, including zoospore ultrastructure f...

During a survey of Chytridiomycota in the "Mosaico de Unidade de Conservação JuréiaItatins", São Paulo State from August/2016 to October/2017, we identified new records for Brazil: Karlingiomyces marylandicus , Podochytrium chitinophilum and Rhizoclosmatium globosum in the Chytridiales and Angulomyces argentinensis in the Rhizophydiales. In additio...

The zoosporic fungi of Blastocladiomycota and Chytridiomycota are important components of eukaryotic communities in freshwater ecosystems, acting in decomposing of organic matter and/or parasitism of several hosts. In Brazil, these fungi in lentic habitats such as reservoirs and lakes are still poorly studied, leaving the sediment totally unexplore...

During a survey of oomycetes in a mangrove area of São Paulo state, Brazil, a high number of isolates of Halophytophthora and related genera were recovered from leaves and water samples. In this study, we analysed the morphology and phylogenetic relationships of the isolates of Halophytophthora along with four ex-types provided by CBS-KNAW Culture...

The genus Rhizophydium was proposed by A. Schenk in 1858 to accommodate the inoperculate taxa previously placed in Chytridium. The morphological delineation encompassed around 235 species that have now been segregated into different genera based on molecular and zoospore ultrastructural analyses. However, some taxa have never been investigated for...

In this study, Aphanomyces brasiliensis is proposed as a new species. It was collected from soil and water samples of a trout farming system located in Atlantic Rainforest areas, São Paulo State, Brazil. This species is mainly characterized by the presence of commonly short and unbranched oogonial stalks, antheridia usually androgynous and monoclin...

Six Nowakowskiella species from Brazil were identified and purified on corn meal agar (CMA) plus glucose and Peptonized Milk-Tryptone-Glucose (PmTG) media and placed into a phylogenetic framework for the genus. New sequence data are presented for four species: N. elongata, N. multispora, and N. ramosa and the new species N. crenulata. Our maximum l...

Saprolegniales is a complex and monophyletic order of oomycetes. Their members inhabit terrestrial, freshwater, and marine ecosystems and have a worldwide distribution. In these ecosystems, they are found as saprobes, parasites, or even pathogens of animals and plants of economic importance. In this study, a concatenate phylogeny of the partial LSU...

The phylum Labyrinthulomycota is composed of three distinct groups of fungus-like organisms: the labyrinthulids, the thraustochytrids and the aplanochytrids. They are present in marine and brackish waters as saprobes and/or parasites. In recent years, there was an increased interest in studying these organisms due to the ability that some have to p...

(Molecular identification of Pseudozyma aphidis (Henninger & Windisch) Boekhout: first record from a Brazilian mangrove swamp). Pseudozyma aphidis (Henninger & Windisch) Boekhout is an anamorph yeast-like basidiomycete commonly found as saprotroph in vegetable debris, such as leaves and flowers. However, there are also reports that this species is...

A new combination was proposed by Johnson and collaborators in 2005 transferring Achlya hypogyna to the genus Protoachlya based on morphological evidence. However, the proposed name Protoachlya hypogyna was not legitimate because it had been already adopted for another species. Therefore, a new name for this taxon is herein proposed and morphologic...

We analyzed the morphology and phylogenetic placement of three isolates of Plectospira belonging to Plectospira gemmifera and P. myriandra that were isolated from soil, water bodies and reservoir sediment. The molecular data are from the partial large subunit and the complete internal transcribed regions of the ribosomal DNA. The genus is character...

A survey of Pythium and Phytopythium species was conducted in hydroponics systems located in the metropolitan region of São Paulo and nearby cities, SP, Brazil. Different samples including water from artesian well, nutrient solution, substrates used for seedlings production and roots of hydroponically grown crops were collected and baited for Pythi...

Saprolegnia milanezii sp. nov. is described as a new species of the genus Saprolegnia (Saprolegniales, Oomycota). It has been collected from freshwater samples at " Parque Estadual da Ilha do Cardoso " , Cananéia, São Paulo State, Brazil. This species is characterized by rare antheridia, extended stalk near the oogonial septum and subcentric oospor...

Halophytophthora spp. are considered as one of the most important decomposers of fallen mangrove leaves worldwide. The knowledge of the diversity of straminipiles in Brazilian mangrove swamps is very limited, and there are no previous descriptions of Halophytophthora species for Brazil. Our aim was to identify and describe the specimens isolated fr...

(Oomycota from "Parque Estadual da Ilha do Cardoso" (PEIC): first records for São Paulo State and Brazil). We studied the oomycetes diversity from soil and freshwater samples collected quarterly from August 2012 to June 2013 at "Parque Estadual da Ilha do Cardoso" (PEIC), São Paulo State, Brazil. Among the species identified by morphological and/or...

Notes on 113 fungal taxa are compiled in this paper, including 11 new genera, 89 new species, one new subspecies, three new combinations and seven reference specimens. A wide geographic and taxonomic range of fungal taxa are detailed. In the Ascomycota the new genera Angustospora (Testudinaceae), Camporesia (Xylariaceae), Clematidis, Crassiparies (...

Three new records of this genus for Brazil.

To evaluate the fungal diversity in the Pirarungaua stream reopened after remaining channeled about 40 years in the Botanical Garden of São Paulo, Brazil, two experiments in the cold and dry season and two in the hot and rainy season were performed. Leaves of Tibouchina pulchra Cogn and mixed leaf litter were confined in nylon litter bags, submerge...

We analyzed the morphology and phylogenetic placement of six isolates of Phytopythium belonging to P. helicoides, P. palingenes and P. vexans that were isolated from water bodies and substrates used for hydroponically grown crops. The molecular data are from the partial large subunit and the complete internal transcribed regions of the ribosomal DN...

A requeima é a doença mais destrutiva na bataticultura. Phytophthora infestans (Oomycota, Straminipila), é um organismo heterotálico que se reproduz assexuadamente por meio da produção de esporângios e zoósporos, e sexuadamente quando há o encontro de cepas compatíveis, A1 e A2, pelo contato de gametângios (oogônios e anterídios) com a formação de...

Knowledge about the Brazilian fungal diversity was, until 2010, recorded in few taxonomy and ecology publications, as well as in a handful of species lists. With the publication of the Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos do Brasil and the continued availability of an online list, it has been possible to aggregate this dispersed knowledge. The version pres...

The fungus-like Peronosporales are composed of several lineages of mainly biotrophic and hemibiotrophic representatives. Saprotrophic species of Peronosporales are limited to the genera Halophytophthora and Salisapilia, and to some species in Phytopythium and Phytophthora Clades 6 and 9, which inhabit terrestrial and all types of aquatic ecosystems...

Campylospora brasiliensis is a new freshwater fungus that has been collected from submerged mixed leaf litter in the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest. A molecular phylogenetic analysis based on ITS sequences of the rDNA reveals it as a new species. Comparison with other species of Campylospora is provided.

Cerrado (Brazilian savanna) areas present a high number of endemic and unknown species and consequently have been included among the world’s biodiversity hotspots. After a survey of zygomycetes from Cerrado areas of the “Reserva Biológica de Mogi Guaçu” (RBMG) in São Paulo State, we have found a Mucor-like fungus that produces very large sporangios...

Members of the families Chironomidae (chironomids or non-biting midges), Ceratopogonidae (ceratopogonids or biting midges) and Simuliidae (simulids or blackflies) are ubiquitous dipterans of the infraorder Culicomorpha. They are extremely diversified in ecological strategies. Their larvae play major roles in aquatic food webs as detritivores or pre...

Phytopythium kandeliae was recently published as a new combination. The existence of contradictory information about the vouchers CBS 111.91, 112.91 and 113.91 at the CBS-KNAW and the identity of the ex-type specimen is herein clarified.

We compared loss in leaf mass and chemical changes (concentrations of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous, acid detergent fiber, lignin and phenolic compounds) during the decay of submersed leaf-litter of the native Pouteria salicifolia and the exotic invasive Ligustrum lucidum, in a lowland stream of Buenos Aires (Argentina). Leaf input of L. lucidum wa...

The Cerrado, also known as Brazilian savanna, is one of the richest biomes of the world and consequently is listed among the “hot spots” of biodiversity. This ecosystem presents a high number of endemic organisms and probably has a great diversity of yet undiscovered species, particularly considering microorganisms such as fungi. Plants and animals...

A chytrid fungus Olpidium gregarium was found in Rio Grande Reservoir as rotifers populations' parasite. Along the reservoir central axis, the rotifers density decreased in the dam direction, while the density of affected rotifers by the chytrid fungus increased in the same direction. Moreover, some rotifers species were more affected than others,...

Water and submerged mixed litter samples were collected from June 2011 to April 2012 to study the diversity of zoosporic organisms (Blastocladiomycota, Chytridiomycota, and Oomycota) from the stream Pirarungaua located in Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga (PEFI), São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil. In the laboratory, they were placed in Petri...

Two areas of Cerrado ("A" and "B") at different preservation stages were selected at the "Reserva Biológica de Mogi Guaçu", São Paulo state, to survey zoosporic fungi diversity. Water and soil samples were collected during the rainy (January and October 2008) and dry seasons (April and July 2008), every three months, at six sampling sites in areas...

Zoosporic true fungi and fungal-like organisms include unrelated groups in the kingdoms Fungi, Straminipila and Protozoa. There is very little information on the diversity of these organisms in many ecosystems of great biodiversity, particularly tropical or neotropical areas. Research assessing their diversity has been mainly conducted in Argentina...

Visando contribuir para o conhecimento da diversidade de oomicetos de áreas de Mata Atlântica do Brasil, amostras de água e solo foram coletadas trimestralmente, de junho de 2005 a junho de 2006, no Parque Estadual da Serra da Cantareira, São Paulo, Brasil. Para o isolamento destes organismos, as amostras foram submetidas à técnica de iscagem múlti...

Quantitative estimations of zoosporic fungi in the environment have historically received little attention, primarily due to methodological challenges and their complex life cycles. Conventional methods for quantitative analysis of zoosporic fungi to date have mainly relied on direct observation and baiting techniques, with subsequent fungal identi...

During a survey of mucoralean fungi from a Cerrado reserve (Brazilian savanna) some isolates of a Mucor-like fungus were isolated from soil plates. Characterization based on morphological, physiological and molecular data from translation elongation factor (EF-1α), 28S (D1/D2) and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA sequences was made. The isolates produce lateral...

Root infections in hydroponic lettuce are frequent and mostly caused by Pythium species, which are extremely well adapted to aquatic environments. The present study aimed to evaluate in vitro the pathogenic potential of Pythium middletonii and Pythium dissotocum in four cultivars of lettuce, Elisa (smooth), Vera (curly), Mimosa (mimosa) and Tainá (...

Zoosporic true fungi and heterotrophic straminipiles are phylogenetically unrelated groups of microorganisms playing similar ecological roles in food webs in fresh water ecosystems. As saprotrophs they are important decomposers of organic matter of animal and vegetal origin. However, there is still little research on most aspects of the ecology of...

The taxonomic composition of zygomycetes from a reserve of Brazilian Cerrado was analyzed. Soil and leaf litter samples were collected at five sampling dates. Cultures of Absidia, Backusella, Circinella, Rhizopus and Conidiobolus were obtained from canopy-and soil-plates. Due to the scarcity of detailed taxonomic information for Brazilian zygomycet...

Leaf litter is a very important primary source of energy in woodland streams. Decomposition of leaf litter is a process mediated by many groups of microorganisms which release extracellular enzymes for the degradation of complex macromolecules. In this process, true fungi and straminipiles are considered to be among the most active groups, more act...

Zoosporic true fungi, heterotrophic straminipiles and plasmadiophorids are phylogenetically unrelated groups of micro-organisms that belong to the phyla Blastocladiomycota, Chytridiomycota, Neocallimastigomycota, Hyphochytriomycota, Labyrinthulomycota,Oomycota and the Class Phytomyxea and are currently placed into threedifferent supergroups in the...

To study the diversity of the Blastocladiales and Spizellomycetales, water and soil samples were collected monthly from June/2005 to June/2006, from the Parque Estadual da Serra da Cantareira, São Paulo State, Brazil. The isolation of these fungi was carried out in laboratory treating the water and soil samples by the baiting technique with cellulo...

Zoosporic organisms are commonly found in different aquatic ecosystems; however little is known about the influence of environmental factors and seasonal fluctuations on their occurrence and distribution. This study investigated patterns of abundance, frequency and diversity of these organisms and their relationship with some abiotic factors and se...

The objective of this work was to evaluate the pathogenicity of Pythium aphanidermatum to lettuce varieties, and the action of the product Biotrich, formulated with Trichoderma, in the control of this pathogen and its effect on plant growth promotion. In a in vitro experiment, germinated seedlings of Vera and Elisa lettuce varieties were placed in...

Pythiella vernalis foi isolada de Pythium aphanidermatum de cultura hidropônica de agrião, no município de Taubaté, SP, Brasil. É a primeira citação de Pythiella vernalis no Brasil e a primeira referência mundial da espécie em Pythium aphanidermatum.Pythiella vernalis have been isolated from Pythium aphanidermatum on hydroponic culture of Lepidium...

Pythiella vernalis have been isolated from Pythium aphanidermatum on Paulo State, Brazil. It is the first report of the Pythiella vernalis in Brazil and the hydroponic culture of Lepidium sativum, in the municipality of Taubaté, São first world reference of the occurrence of this species in P. aphanidermatum.

A study of Chytridiales diversity was based on water and soil samples collected monthly from June/2005 to June/2006 in the Serra da Cantareira State Park, São Paulo State. The isolation of these fungi was carried out in the laboratory treating the water and soil samples by the multiple baiting technique with cellulosic, chitinous and keratinous sub...

Pythium species are responsible for root rot in hydroponically grown, being the aims of this study to evaluate the Pythium aphanidermatum and P. dissotocum pathogenicity, in lettuce. Petri dishes contained water-agar and the mycelium of the isolates were incubated at 15 to 45 ºC to verify the optimum temperature of growth, which were 31 ºC for P. a...

From November/2003 to November/2004, water and soil samples were collected every three months in the Paranapiacaba Biological Reserve, an important fragment of Brazilian Atlantic rain forest, to study Oomycota diversity. To isolate these organisms, the samples were treated by the baiting technique, which resulted in the identification of 35 species...

To study the species of the genus Pythium, water and soil samples were collected, every three months, from June/2005 to June/2006, in the "Parque Estadual da Serra da Cantareira". The samples were baited, in the laboratory, with celulosic, quitinous and keratinous substrates, to isolate these organisms. Six species were identified and mentioned for...

Dried biomass of the zoosporic fungi Saprolegnia subterranea and Pythium torulosum was evaluated for copper, manganese and cadmium biosorption from aqueous solutions using the "q" (mg of adsorbed metal per g of biomass) and the "R%" (percent removal) indices. The highest q values were observed when the biomass was placed in contact with high metal...

A survey of zoosporic fungi from artificial lakes of the Fontes do Ipiranga State Park, in the city of São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil, yielded the isolation of 41 taxa with 36 species. Twenty-three taxa belong to Chytridiales, Monoblepharidales and Spizellomycetales of the Phylum Chytridiomycota, Fungi Kingdom and 18 belong to Saprolegniales an...

We found Entophlyctis luteolus on cellulosic baits placed with water and soil samples collected from the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest. Although we were unable to isolate this species into pure culture because of contaminants, its morphology matches that of the type. We describe and illustrate Brazilian examples of this chytrid, which occurred in 2...

To study the diversity of Oomycota from the "Reserva Biológica de Paranapiacaba", water and soil samples were collected, every three months, from November/2003 to November/2004 and baited with cellulosic and keratinous substrates. Of the 175 isolations, 35 species were identified, six of which are mentioned for the first time to Brazil descriptions...

The diversity study of the chytrids from soil and water from the "Reserva Biológica de Paranapiacaba", yielded 29 species, with three Blastocladiales, 23 Chytridiales, one Monoblepharidales and two Spizellomycetales. From these, 69% taxa were cited for the first time for Reserve, 14% for São Paulo State and 7% for Brazil. Rhizophydium condylosum Ka...

Doze isolados de Pythium foram obtidos de raízes de alface cultivada em sistemas hidropônicos comerciais, apresentando ou não sintomas de apodrecimento. Três desses isolados foram identificados como Pythium helicoides Drechsler (H1, H2 e H3), cinco como pertencentes ao grupo F (F1 a F5) e quatro ao grupo T (T1 a T4) de Pythium. A identificação das...

This article presents a survey of fungi obtained from soil, water and mixed leaf litter samples taken from the Atlantic Rainforest in the municipality of Cubatão, in the State of São Paulo, during the years of 1993 to 1995. Using different techniques for the isolation of microscopic fungi, a total of 280 taxa was obtained (66 zoosporic fungi, 40 Mu...

The genus Pythium Pringsheim from Brazilian cerrado areas, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil). Water and soil samples were obtained from cerrado areas in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, from February, 1999 to February, 2001, brought to t he laboratory and treated by the multiple baiting technique. Among the pythiaceous fungi isolated, nine species...

Fifteen taxa of Chytridiomycota and eighteen of Oomycota were isolated from water and soil samples from the Guarapiranga reservoir, using a baiting technique with celulosic, chitinous and keratinous substrates. Among the taxa of Chytridiomycota isolated, one belongs to Blastocladiales, eleven to Chytridiales and three to Spizellomycetales. Among th...

Quinze táxons de Chytridiomycota e 18 de Oomycota foram isolados de amostras de água e solo na Represa do Guarapiranga, por meio de técnica de iscagem, com substratos celulósicos, queratinosos e quitinosos. Dos táxons de Chytridiomycota isolados, um pertence aos Blastocladiales, onze aos Chytridiales e três aos Spizellomycetales. Dos táxons de Oomy...

From March/1993 to March/1995, airborne fungi were isolated from the "Vale do Rio Moji" (highly affected by the air pollution caused by fertilizer industries, steel works, cement factories and chemical products industries, among others) and from the "Vale do Rio Pilões" (less affected by the air pollution), both in the municipality of Cubatão, São...

Leaves of Ficus microcarpa L. f., Quercus robur L., and Alchornea triplinervia (Spreng.) Muell. Arg., submerged in a stream of the Atlantic rainforest in the "Reserva Biológica do Alto da Serra de Paranapiacaba", State of São Paulo, Brazil, were collected monthly, from April to November 1990, in order to determine the number of fungal occurrences (...