Carlos Nozawa

Universidade Estadual de Londrina | UEL · Departamento de Microbiologia

The aim of this work was to extract and characterize pectin from lyophilized noni pulp (Morinda citrifolia Linn.) at three different pHs using different extractor agents and to evaluate anti-viral activity. The extraction of high yield (acid extraction) was subjected to sulfation procedure. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear...

The herpes simplex virus, also known as HSV, is an important human pathogen. Acyclovir (ACV) is the first-line antiviral for the treatment of HSV infections; nevertheless HSV resistance to ACV has been increasingly reported and, therefore, search for alternative drugs have been encouraged. Herein, the effect of Cucumis melo sulfated pectin (SPCm) w...

Mangiferin is found in many plant species as the mango tree (Mangifera indica) with ethnopharmacological applications and scientific evidence. The emergence of resistant herpes simplex virus (HSV) strains to Acyclovir (ACV) has encouraged the search for new drugs. We investigated the in vitro and in vivo activity of mangiferin obtained from M. indi...

Adenanthera pavonina is a native tree of Africa and Asia, introduced in Brazil for reforestation and wood industry. Several pharmacological activities have described scientifically, including antiviral activity. This study evaluated the antiviral effect of sulfated polysaccharide of Adenanthera pavonina (SPAp) against acyclovir (ACV)—resistant (AR-...

Several studies have been conducted on polysaccharides derived from natural sources, and their different biological properties have been reported. Their low toxicity and antiviral effects i.e., their action on several steps of viral replication, have been extensively examined. In this work, pectin isolated from Inga spp. fruit pulp was first charac...

Azadirachta indica leaf is used by Indian population for the healing of various diseases including viral infection. Herein, we analyzed the antiherpetic (HSV-1) activity of two polysaccharides (P1 and P2) isolated from the leaf of A. indica and their chemically sulfated derivatives (P1S and P2S). The molecular weights of P1S and P2S are 41 and 11 k...

Background Herpes simplex virus (HSV) and poliovirus (PV) are both agents of major concern in the public health system. It has been shown that Dimorphandra gardneriana galactomannans can be used as solubilizer vehicles in the manufacturing of medicine. Mangiferin is the major constituent of Mangifera indica and presents multiple medicinal and biolo...

Propolis is a rich source of bioactive molecules made by bees by collecting an infinite variety of secondary metabolites from plants. This study determined the chromatographic and mass spectrometry profile along with the biological activity of propolis produced by the native Brazilian bee Melipona quadrifasciata. A hydroalcoholic crude extract was...

Poliovirus (PV),an enterovirus of the Picornaviridae family, is the agent of poliomyelitis, a devastating neurologic disease that may result in paralysis and even death.Mangiferin is the major constituent of Mangifera indica and has multiple pharmacological activities, including antiviral. This study evaluated the activity of mangiferin against pol...

The herpes simplex virus (HSV) diseases represent a relevant medical and social problem due to their communicability and recurrence following latency. The green algae are rich source of polysaccharides referred to as ulvans, reported as being biologically and pharmacologically active. In this work, we analyzed the activity of seven chemically modif...

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are common and widespread; nevertheless, their outcome can be of unpredictable prognosis in neonates and in immunosuppressed patients. Anti-HSV therapy is effective, but the emergence of drug-resistant strains or the drug toxicity that hamper the treatment is of great concern. Vaccine has not yet shown relevant...

Introdução: a poliomielite é uma doença infecciosa aguda causada pelo poliovírus, afeta o sistema nervoso central e leva à destruição de neurônios motores, resultando em paralisia flácida. O vírus pertence à família Picornaviridae e é constituído por RNA de fita simples de polaridade positiva e capsídeo icosaédrico. Objetivo: esta revisão propõe co...

The herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a widespread human pathogen and for many reasons the development of anti-herpetic drugs from natural products has been encouraged. Adenanthera pavonina (Ap) is a medicinal plant widely used in Brazil, among other uses. Herein, a native Ap seed polysaccharide (PLSAp) and its chemically sulfated derivate (SPLSAp) wer...

Herpesvirus and poliovirus are responsible for important diseases in human and animal. Trichilia catigua a Brazilian native plant known as catigua has several medicinal properties among them antimicrobial for bacteria and protozoa, however, no antiviral activity has been reported yet. This study evaluated the antiviral activity of the crude extract...

Arboviruses (Arthropod-borne viruses) are so called because part of their replication cycle occurs in insects and can be transmitted to humans and other animals by the bite of hematophagous arthropods. More than 545 species are known species of arboviruses and about 150 cause disease in humans. The arboviruses have represented one of the biggest ch...

Adenanthera pavonina, popularly known as red-bead tree, carolina, pigeon's eye, and dragon's eye, is a plant traditionally used in Brazil for the treatment of several diseases. The present study aimed at evaluating the activity of sulfated polysaccharide from the Adenanthera pavonina (SPLSAp) seeds against poliovirus type 1 (PV-1) in HEp-2 cell cul...

BACKGROUND: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is an endemic disease and it is estimated that 6095% of the adult population are infected with symptoms that are usually self-limiting, though they can be serious, extensive and prolonged in immunocompromised individuals, highlighted by the emergence of drug-resistant strains. The study of the wild-t...

Rotaviruses (RV) are the single most important cause of severe diarrheal illness in infants and young children in both developed and developing countries worldwide. They affect mainly children less than 24 months of age. Presently, we adapted human rotavirus strains from field materials in cell culture, as well as, studied their properties by the a...

The viral contamination of water for human consumption is a common cause of diseases outbreaks, therefore, a matter of great relevance for public health, especially in developing countries. In most countries, legislation recommends the study of coliforms to indicate the potability of water, however, this is not correlated with the presence of virus...

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is one of the most regular human pathogens, being a public health problem, and causal agent of several diseases. Poliovirus (PV) is an enteric virus and about 1% of infected individuals develop paralytic poliomyelitis due to viral invasion of the central nervous system and destruction of motor neurons. This work evaluated...

Agaricus brasiliensis is an edible mushroom, traditionally used for the treatment of several diseases. In this paper, a polysaccharide (PLS) from A. brasiliensis, its carboxymethylated (CPLS) and sulfated (SPLS) derivatives, as well as, fractions (F1-F3) obtained from the PLS were investigated for their effect in the replication of herpes simplex v...

Azadirachta indica A. Juss, popularly known as neem, has been extensively used in Ayurvedic medicine by Indian population for over 2000 years. It is used traditionally for the healing of various diseases. Natural products and their derivatives provide an excellent source for new anti-viral drugs. The present study aims at evaluating the activity of...

Lentinula edodes, known as shiitake, has been utilized as food, as well as, in popular medicine, moreover, compounds isolated from its mycelium and fruiting body have shown several therapeutic properties. The aim of this study was to determine the antiviral activity of aqueous (AqE) and ethanol (EtOHE) extracts and polysaccharide (LeP) from Lentinu...

Natural products are an inexhaustible source of compounds with promising pharmacological activities, including antiviral action. In the present study, the antiviral potential of polysaccharide-peptide (PLS) and an extracted β-glucan from Agaricus brasiliensis were investigated in the replication of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) in HEp-2 cell cultur...

Acute diarrheal disease is still one of the major public health problems worldwide. Rotaviruses (RV) are the most important viral etiologic agents and children under five years of age are the target population. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the rate of RV infection in hospitalized patients due to acute diarrhea in the cities of Ponta Grossa, Londrina a...

In this study, we have analyzed the pectic arabinogalactan isolated from Azadirachta indica and its chemically sulfated derivative. The native polysaccharide had an apparent molecular mass of 80 kDa and is made up of (1→5)-/(1→3,5)-linked α-L-arabinosyl, (1→3)-/(1→6)-/(1→3,6)-linked β-D-galactosyl, and terminal-rhamnosyl and α-l-arabinosyl residues...

Acute diarrheal disease is still one of the major public health problems worldwide. Rotaviruses (RV) are the most important viral etiologic agents and children under five years of age are the target population. To investigate the rate of RV infection in hospitalized patients due to acute diarrhea in the cities of Ponta Grossa, Londrina and Assai -...

A chemically sulfated galactomannan (BRS) from seeds of Mimosa scabrella had in vitro antiviral activity against Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), but not against Simian rotavirus A/SA11 (SiRV-A/SA11). It was examined by (13)C NMR spectroscopy, which showed the sulfate groups to be mainly at C-6 of galactose residues. BRS had a selective inhibition a...

Chlorophyllin (CHLN), a synthetic derivative of chlorophyll, was assayed in the replication of poliovirus (PV-1) and bovine herpesvirus (BoHV-1) in HEp-2 cell cultures. Virucidal activity of CHLN was evaluated and the time-of-addition assay was performed as follows: before the infection (-1 and -2 h), at the time of the infection (0 h) and after th...

A clorofilina (CHLN), derivado sintético da clorofila com atividade antimutagênica, foi analisada quantoa sua atividade antiviral para o poliovírus em culturas de células HEp-2. A droga foi avaliada quanto às atividades virucida, profilática e terapêutica na multiplicação do poliovirus em culturas de células HEp-2, nas concentrações de 0,5 e 2,5 µg...

A clorofilina (CHLN), derivado sintetico da clorofila com atividade antimutagenica, foi analisada quanto a sua atividade antiviral para o poliovirus em culturas de celulas HEp-2. A droga foi avaliada quanto as atividades virucida, profilatica e terapeutica na multiplicacao do poliovirus em culturas de celulasHEp-2, nas concentracoes de 0,5 e 2,5 µg...

Chlorophyllin (CHLN), a semisynthetic derivative of chlorophyll with antimutagenic properties, was assayed for its antiviral effect on the replication of poliovirus in cell culture. The drug was tested for the virucide, prophylactic and therapeutic activities on the replication of the poliovirus in HEp-2 cells cultures, at concentrations of 0.5 and...

We investigated the antiviral activity of an aliphatic nitro compound (NC) isolated from Heteropteris aphrodisiaca O. Mach. (Malpighiaceae), a Brazilian medicinal plant. The NC was tested for its antiviral activity against poliovirus type 1 (PV-1) and bovine herpes virus type 1 (BHV-1) by plaque reduction assay in cell culture. The NC showed a mode...

Agaricus brasiliensis (previously named Agaricus blazei ss. Heinem), also known as the sun mushroom is native of Southeast Brazil, and is widely consumed, mainly in the form of tea, due to its nutritional and pharmacological properties. In this study, we tested aqueous (AqE) and ethanol (EtOHE) extracts and an isolated polysaccharide (PLS) from the...

An indirect solid-phase enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was developed for the detection of poliovirus antigen. Virus antigen was obtained in LLC-MK2 cell cultures and used to prepare antibodies in rabbit and guinea pig. Antibodies were evaluated by double immunodiffusion and neutralization test. Optimal concentrations of guinea pig and rabbit immunoglobul...

The aqueous extract of Agaricus blazei Murill ss. Heinem, a basidiomycete native from Brazil, frequently used by popular medicine, mainly in the form of tea, was assessed to its antiviral action against herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) and bovine herpes type 1 (BoHV-1) in HEp-2 cell culture. Viral replication inhibition was evaluated by plaque assay a...

Between May and August in 2003, a total of 251 fecal samples were collected from children and adults with diarrhea (5 inpatients and 246 outpatients) at a private hospital in the city of Ponta Grossa, the state of Paraná, Brazil. Group A rotavirus was detected in 71 of 251 (28.3%) specimens: 55 (77.5%) from children under 5 years of age and 16 (22....

Crude extract (CE) and aqueous (AqF) and ethyl acetate (EtOAcF) fractions of Guazuma ulmifolia Lam., Sterculiaceae and the corresponding AqF, EtOAcF of Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville, Leguminosae were tested for their antiviral activity against poliovirus 1 (P-1) and bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) in HEp-2 cultured cells. The antiviral a...

Rotaviruses have been implicated as the major causal agents of acute diarrhoea in mammals and fowls. Experimental rotavirus infection have been associated to a series of sub-cellular pathologic alterations leading to cell lysis which may represent key functions in the pathogenesis of the diarrhoeic disease. The current work describes the cytopathic...

Single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis and heteroduplex mobility assays (HMAs) were used to identify and genotype enteric adenoviruses (EAd). The results were compared to those of restriction endonuclease assays, species-specific PCRs, and direct nucleotide sequence analyses. Of the 31 stool samples tested, 15 isolates were ident...

Chlorophyllin (CHLN) is a synthetic derivative of chlorophyll that possesses antimutagenic activity against several environmental contaminants. In the present study, CHLN was assayed for its capacity to prevent nuclear fragmentation (NF) in HEp-2 cells infected with poliovirus. CHLN was assayed at concentrations of 0.5 and 2.5 microg ml(-1), and NF...

Acridine orange is a metachromatic intercalator used extensively in histochemistry to differentiate double- from single-stranded (ds, ss) nucleic acid by the emission of green and red fluorescence, respectively, under ultraviolet light. In the present study we standardised a protocol in order to use acridine orange to detect rotavirus ds RNA in pol...

Rotavirus (RV) strain SA-11 was studied with respect to its infectivity in MA-104 cell cultures and the effect of concanavalin A (ConA). Receptors for ConA at the surface of MA-104 cell were determined by fluorescence assay and specifically inhibited by D-mannose. The kinetics of virus growth was carried out by plaque assay. Electron microscopy and...

Rotaviruses are the major cause of viral diarrhea in humans and animals. Actinomycin D (Act D) is an antibiotic that intercalates DNA and therefore inhibits DNA-dependent transcription. The current study was carried out to assess the influence of Act D on the replication of simian rotavirus (SA11) in cell culture. Virus-infected MA-104 cell culture...

Enteric adenoviruses are related to child diarrhea and appear to be spread worldwide. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of enteric adenovirus infection among children in four Brazilian cities. stool specimens were collected from children under 5 years of age with acute diarrhea. Enteric adenoviruses were detected in 1.55%...

Rotaviruses are common pathogens and the causal agents of acute diarrhea among children and young animals. The involvement of rotavirus in human diarrheal disease among population of urban and rural areas of the city of Londrina, Parana was evaluated. Nine hundred and five fecal specimens from persons with diarrhea were studied, being 686 and 219 f...

A citopatologia in vitro de uma cepa de rotavírus porcino adaptado em cultura de células foi comparada à estirpe-protótipo símia (SA-11). O efeito citopático (ECP) produzido pelos vírus foi semelhante embora a estirpe porcina tivesse apresentado algumas alterações diferentes, como o acentuado estreitamento do citoplasma, com grande perda do volume...

Four Lentinula edodes strains (Le10, 46, K2, Assai) were assessed for their antagonistic effect on four filamentous fungus species of agricultural importance (Helminthosporium euphorbiae, Helminthosporium sp, Fusarium solani and Phomopsis sojae) and on Alagoas serotype of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSA). The L. edodes strains studied had variable...

Rotaviruses are known as major causal agents of diarrhea in humans and animals. They affect young animals in intensive rearing and cause great economic losses. This study evaluated the infectivity of porcine rotavirus maintained for 32 months at approximately 10°C in the original stool specimens. Thirty stool specimens of 1–4-week-old piglets from...

Rotavirus type G5 is a primarily porcine pathogen that has caused frequent and widespread diarrhea in children in Brazil and in piglets elsewhere. Initial results on the rotavirus types circulating in diarrheic piglets in Brazil disclosed a high diversity of strains with distinct G types including G1, G4, G5, and G9 and the novelty of P[8], the pre...

Rotaviruses are the major pathogen for both human and animal. They affect young animals in intensive rearing and cause great economic losses. This study intended to evaluate the infectivity of porcine rotavirus maintained for 32 months at approximately 10ºC. in the original stools specimens. Thirty stools specimens of 1-4-week-old piglets originati...

Rotaviruses and reoviruses are involved in human and animal diseases. It is known that both viruses penetrate the gastrointestinal tract but their interaction with phagocytic cells is unknown. To study this interaction, peritoneal resident phagocytic cells were used and rotavirus and reovirus replication in peritoneal phagocytic cells was observed....

Isoprinosine (IPS) is a synthetic drug whose antiviral effect on rotavirus replication in vitro has been characterized in terms of the decrease in metachromasia after acridine orange staining. The present study describes the effect of IPS on the synthesis of viral RNA in vitro. MA-104 cell cultures infected with simian rotavirus strain SA-11 were i...

All four-day old Swiss mice whose dams were seronegative to rotavirus developed diarrhea 72 h after oral infection with EDIM rotavirus (HP strain). Electron microscopy of infected small intestine showed rotavirus particles of different sizes and morphology in the intestinal absorptive cells. In these cells rotavirus particles of 30 to 60 nm represe...

1. Acridine orange metachromasia was used to determine the distribution of simian rotavirus double-stranded RNA in cultured MA-104 cells 0 to 72 h post-infection. Correlations were made among time of detection and amount of viral antigens, virus yield and the ultrastructural aspects of infected cells. 2. RNAase-resistant cytoplasmic metachromasia a...

1. The antiviral effect of isoprinosine on simian rotavirus (SA-11) replication was studied using MA-104 cell cultures from Rhesus monkey fetal kidney. 2. Isoprinosine (N,N-dimethylamino-2-propanol-p-acetamidobenzoate in association with inosine) added after viral infection (therapeutic test) inhibited viral replication by more than 90%. In these e...

Realizamos este estudo para avaliar a relação causai diarréia aguda e rotavirus em crianças abaixo de cinco anos de idade. A infecção viral foi caracterizada pela sorologia pareada, por meio de titulação de anticorpos anti-rotavírus pela reação de imunofluorescência indireta (IF) nos soros dos pacientes. Utilizamos como substrato para a reação célu...

SUMMARY A clinical case is described in this paper in that a b-month old baby girl severely malnourished and dehydrated presented a prolonged acute diarrhoea. No enteropathogenic bacteria or parasites were demonstrated. Virological study by electron microscopy (EM) showed that the patient shed both astrovirus-like and rotavirus in the watery stool...

Experimentos preliminares da permissividade de cultura de leucócitos humanos estimulados com mitógeno frente a infecção pelo rotavirus humano foram realizados por microscopia eletrônica. Observamos que, células mo-nonucleadas, mantidas em cultura, após estimulação com fitohemaglutinina (PHA) colhidas 36 horas pós-infecção apresentavam muitas partíc...

There is an increase in the saturated 18-carbon fatty acid (C18FA) in Vero cells infected with Coxsackie B6 virus. The increase is reversible with a peak at 4 hr postinfection, and is proportional to virus input (m.o.i.). The appearance of the cytopathic effect (CPE) is coincidental with the increase in the saturation of C18FA, and is also related...

The effect of Sindbis virus on cell leakiness, as measured by chromium release, and on the fatty acids in chick embryo fibroblasts and Vero cells was studied. The appearance of the cytopathic effect in both cell types coincided with virus replication, increased cell leakiness and relative increase in saturated eighteen carbon fatty acid (C18:0, ste...