Carlo Pescia

University of Milan | UNIMI

Multigene prognostic genomic assays have become indispensable in managing early breast cancer (EBC), offering crucial information for risk stratification and guiding adjuvant treatment strategies in conjunction with traditional clinicopathological parameters. The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) guidelines endorse these assays, though s...

Effective risk assessment in early breast cancer is essential for informed clinical decision-making, yet consensus on defining risk categories remains challenging. This paper explores evolving approaches in risk stratification, encompassing histopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular biomarkers alongside cutting-edge artificial intelligen...

Recurrent joint bleeding leads to chronic arthropathy in severe hemophilia A and B. With the recent introduction of novel therapies and the increased availability of treatments for patients with hemophilia, a very tight control of bleeding is achievable, but some patients still experience synovitis oat target joints. A deeper knowledge of the synov...

Simple Summary Risk stratification for early breast cancer (BC) is extremely relevant for tailoring clinical decisions but challenging due to the absence of comprehensive guidelines. Traditional criteria like tumor size, lymph node involvement, histological type, grade, lymphovascular invasion, and immune cell infiltration serve as significant prog...

Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) is a rare lymphoma subtype associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, portending a poor prognosis despite systemic chemotherapy. We present the unusual case of an 85-year-old man receiving ibrutinib for mantle cell lymphoma, who developed a erythematous, subcutaneous nodule on the forehead, featuring a...

Since the release of the DESTINY-Breast04 (DB-04) trial findings in June 2022, the field of pathology has seen a renaissance of HER2 as a predictive biomarker in breast cancer. The trial focused on patients with metastatic breast cancer who were classified as “HER2-low,” i.e., those with immunohistochemistry (IHC) HER2 1 + or 2 + and negative in si...

Breast cancer biomarker profiling predominantly relies on tissue testing (surgical and/or biopsy samples). However, the field of liquid biopsy, particularly the analysis of circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), has witnessed remarkable progress and continues to evolve rapidly. The incorporation of ctDNA-based testing into clinical practice is creating ne...

Granular cell tumors of the neurohypophysis (GCT) are rare benign neoplasms belonging, along with pituicytoma and spindle cell oncocytoma, to the family of TTF1-positive low-grade neoplasms of the posterior pituitary gland. GCT usually present as a solid sellar mass, slowly growing and causing compressive symptoms over time, occasionally with supra...

TIGIT (T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains) is a co-inhibitory receptor expressed on various immune cells, including T cells, NK cells, and dendritic cells. TIGIT interacts with different ligands, such as CD155 and CD112, which are highly expressed on cancer cells, leading to the suppression of immune responses. Recent studies have highl...

Urinary bladder hamartoma is a rare benign proliferation with only 14 cases reported in the literature at present. Urinary bladder hamartoma is composed of a disorderly admixture of normal urinary bladder components, essentially represented by glands lined by transitional epithelium and a variable percentage of fibrous stroma, smooth muscle bundles...

Despite their rarity, thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) have attracted much interest over the years, leading to an impressive number of histological and staging classifications. At present, TETs are divided by the WHO classification into four main subtypes: type A, type AB, and type B thymomas (subdivided into B1, B2, and B3), and thymic carcinomas,...

Fibroblastic reticulum cell tumor (FRCT) is a rare dendritic neoplasm arising from fibroblastic reticulum cells (FBRCs) and exhibiting peculiar cytokeratin expression. FRCTs usually involve the lymph nodes, although they can also be encountered in the spleen and soft tissues. FRCTs are composed of mildly atypical spindle or ovoid cells, arranged in...

High-risk Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) represent therapeutical challenges and are usually managed with hypomethylating agents such as azacitidine. Given the lack of data in the literature concerning azacitidine effects on bone marrow, we retrospectively analyzed 57 high-risk MDS cases in order to identify any changes induced by azacitidine thera...

Primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (pcDLBCL) are rare hematological neoplasms. pcDLBCL category includes primary cutaneous large B-cell lymphoma “leg type” (pcDLBCL-LT), characterized by a particularly unfavorable outcome, and primary cutaneous large B-cell lymphoma “not otherwise specified” (pcDLBCL-NOS), a widely debated sub-entity...