Bronwyn E Campbell

RMIT University | RMIT

The blood fluke Cardicola forsteri (Trematoda: Aporocotylidae) is a pathogen of ranched bluefin tuna in Japan and Australia. Genomics of Cardicola spp. have thus far been limited to molecular phylogenetics of select gene sequences. In this study, sequencing of the C. for-steri genome was performed using Illumina short-read and Oxford Nanopore long-...

Vaccines are very effective in providing protection against many infectious diseases. However, it has proven difficult to develop highly efficacious vaccines against some pathogens and so there is a continuing need to improve vaccine technologies. The first successful and widely used vaccines were based on attenuated pathogens (e.g., laboratory pas...

The current in vitro study aimed to investigate the effects of a processed sugarcane extract on the viability of avian Eimeria sporozoites. Treatments were applied to hatched sporozoites: 1) without additives (no-treatment control); 2) with ethanol; 3) with salinomycin; 4) with Polygain™. All treatments were incubated in RPMI media containing live...

Cardiopulmonary infections by $\textit{Angiostrongylus chabaudi}$ affect domestic and wild felids but, due to limited information on the biology of this nematode, its pathogenicity remains unclear. This article describes the histopathological alterations associated with $\textit{Angiostrongylus}$ infection in a wildcat from Bulgaria, and reviews cu...

Background Of increasing importance to the medical and veterinary communities is the zoonotic filarioid nematode Onchocerca lupi. Onchocercosis, thus far found in wolves, dogs, cats and humans, is diagnosed via skin snips to detect microfilariae and surgical removal of adults from the eye of the host. These methods are time-consuming, laborious and...

Cardiopulmonary infections by Angiostrongylus chabaudi affect domestic and wild felids but, due to limited information on the biology of this nematode, its pathogenicity remains unclear. This article describes the histopathological alterations associated with Angiostrongylus infection in a wildcat from Bulgaria, and reviews current literature on th...

Crenosoma vulpis is a metastrongyloid nematode primarily associated with respiratory tract infections of red foxes in North America and Europe. Sporadic cases have also been reported in domestic dogs. The present study aimed to provide morphological, molecular, and epidemiological data on the geographical distribution of this nematode throughout It...

High-throughput molecular and computer technologies have become instrumental for systems biological explorations of pathogens, including parasites. For instance, investigations of the transcriptomes of different developmental stages of parasitic nematodes give insights into gene expression, regulation and function in a parasite, which is a signific...

Onchocerca lupi is a neglected filarioid causing nodular lesions associated with acute or chronic ocular disease in dogs. Despite the recent appraisal of its zoonotic potential, human cases are increasingly reported in the Old and New Worlds. Therefore, the development of accurate tools for the rapid diagnosis of O. lupi infections in dogs is becom...

We report the discovery of a series of acrylonitrile-containing molecules and α-amino amides which cause 99-100% lethality in H. contortus. Of the 22 acrylonitrile analogues investigated, the most active were 2-cyano-3-[1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl]-N-hexylacrylamide (13a), 2-cyano-3-[1(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-...

The barber's pole worm, Haemonchus contortus, is one of the most economically important parasites of small ruminants worldwide. Although this parasite can be controlled using anthelmintic drugs, resistance against most drugs in common use has become a widespread problem. We provide a draft of the genome and the transcriptomes of all key development...

Much remains to be understood about the fundamental biology of parasitic nematodes that cause serious disease in animals and humans world-wide. Unlocking the biology of these parasites using “omic” technologies will yield new and crucial knowledge of their molecular biology and biochemistry on a global scale. Here, we review progress on the transcr...

Liver flukes are socioeconomically important flatworms (Trematoda: Digenea) which parasitize the hepatobiliary systems of definitive mammalian hosts, including humans. Key representatives include Opisthorchis viverrini, Clonorchis sinensis (Opisthorchiidae), and Fasciola gigantica and Fasciola hepatica (Fasciolidae). Collectively, these parasites a...

Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by blood flukes (genus Schistosoma; schistosomes) and affecting 200 million people worldwide. No vaccines are available, and treatment relies on one drug, praziquantel. Schistosoma haematobium has come into the spotlight as a major cause of urogenital disease, as an agent linked to bladder canc...

Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by blood flukes (genus Schistosoma; schistosomes) and affecting 200 million people worldwide. No vaccines are available, and treatment relies on one drug, praziquantel. Schistosoma haematobium has come into the spotlight as a major cause of urogenital disease, as an agent linked to bladder canc...

Cryptosporidium is an important genus of parasitic protozoa of humans and other vertebrates and is a major cause of intestinal disease globally. Unlike many common causes of infectious enteritis, there are no widely available, effective vaccine or drug-based intervention strategies for Cryptosporidium, and control is focused mainly on prevention. T...

Parasitic diseases have a devastating, long-term impact on human health, welfare and food production worldwide. More than two billion people are infected with geohelminths, including the roundworms Ascaris (common roundworm), Necator and Ancylostoma (hookworms), and Trichuris (whipworm), mainly in developing or impoverished nations of Asia, Africa...

Infectious diarrhoeal diseases represent a major socio-economic burden to humans, and are linked to a range of pathogens, including viruses, bacteria and protists. The accurate detection of such pathogens is central to control. However, detection often relies on methods that have limited diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. Here, we assessed an...

Bovine theileriosis is an arthropod-borne disease caused by one or more haemoprotozoan parasites of the genus Theileria. Traditionally, Theileria infection in cattle in Australia was largely asymptomatic and recognized to be associated with Theileria buffeli, now assigned to the Theileria orientalis-group. There have been some recent outbreaks of t...

The advent and integration of high-throughput 'omic technologies (e.g., genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics) are becoming instrumental to assist fundamental explorations of the systems biology of organisms. In particular, these technologies now provide unique opportunities for global, molecular investigations of parasites. For ex...

The twenty most abundant proteins encoded in the transcriptome of Trichuris suis, following conceptual translation of individual contigs. (DOC)

Iatrogenic infection of humans with Trichuris suis (a parasitic nematode of swine) is being evaluated or promoted as a biological, curative treatment of immune diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and ulcerative colitis, in humans. Although it is understood that short-term T. suis infection in people with such diseases usually induces...

We evaluated the performance of a PCR method for the diagnosis of naturally acquired strongylid nematode infections in sheep (n = 470; in a temperate climatic zone of south-eastern Australia), using a panel of 100 'negative control' samples from sheep known not to harbour parasitic helminths. We compared the diagnostic sensitivity (98%) and specifi...

With the major problems with resistance in parasitic nematodes of livestock to anthelmintic drugs, there is an urgent need to develop new nematocides. In the present study, we employed a targeted approach for the design of a series of norcantharidin analogues (n=54) for activity testing against the barber's pole worm (Haemonchus contortus) of small...

The advent and integration of high-throughput '-omics' technologies (e.g. genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, glycomics and lipidomics) are revolutionizing the way biology is done, allowing the systems biology of organisms to be explored. These technologies are now providing unique opportunities for global, molecular investigations...

Almost nothing is known about atypical kinases in multicellular organisms, including parasites. Supported by information and data available for the free-living nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, and other eukaryotes, the present article describes three RIO kinase genes, riok-1, riok-2 and riok-3, from Haemonchus contortus, one of the most important...

Canine vector-borne diseases (CVBDs) are of major socioeconomic importance worldwide. Although many studies have provided insights into CVBDs, there has been limited exploration of fundamental molecular aspects of most pathogens, their vectors, pathogen-host relationships and disease and drug resistance using advanced, 'omic technologies. The aim o...

Little is known about the fundamental biology of parasitic nematodes (=roundworms) that cause serious diseases, affecting literally billions of animals and humans worldwide. Unlocking the biology of these neglected pathogens using modern technologies will yield crucial and profound knowledge of their molecular biology, and could lead to new treatme...

The glycolysis pathway predicted for proteins inferred to be encoded in the transcriptome of the adult stage of Fasciola gigantica based on homology mapping to annotated proteins in the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) biological pathways database. Levels of transcription are inferred from sequencing depth and are represented by the n...

Putative adult Fasciola gigantica proteins with homology to kinases within the European Molecular Biology Laboratory kinase database. (XLSX)

Putative adult Fasciola gigantica proteins with homology to the cathepsin family of cysteine proteases. (XLSX)

A summary of metabolic pathways predicted for amino acid sequences inferred from transcriptomic data for the adult stage of Fasciola gigantica. Mapping was conducted based on homology to annotated proteins in the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathways database. Results were displayed using iPath2 (http://pathways.embl.de/ipath2/)....

A summary of metabolic pathways predicted for amino acid sequences inferred from the transcriptome of the adult stage of Fasciola gigantica and Fasciola hepatica [36] based on homology mapping to annotated proteins in the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) biological pathways database. Results were displayed using iPath2 (http://pathway...

Putative adult Fasciola gigantica proteins with homology to proteases and protease inhibitors within the MEROPS enzyme database. (XLSX)

Raw sequence reads generated from adult Fasciola gigantica re-mapped to known F. gigantica cathepsins. (XLSX)

Fasciola gigantica (Digenea) is an important foodborne trematode that causes liver fluke disease (fascioliasis) in mammals, including ungulates and humans, mainly in tropical climatic zones of the world. Despite its socioeconomic impact, almost nothing is known about the molecular biology of this parasite, its interplay with its hosts, and the path...

Parasitic diseases have a devastating, long-term impact on human health, welfare and food production worldwide. More than two billion people are infected with geohelminths, including the roundworms Ascaris (common roundworm), Necator and Ancylostoma (hookworms), and Trichuris (whipworm), mainly in developing or impoverished nations of Asia, Africa...

We genetically classified Echinococcus granulosus from humans, cattle and camels in Libya utilizing DNA regions (designated pcox1 and pnad1) within the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and NADH dehydrogenase 1 (nad1) mitochondrial genes, respectively. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis...

Trichostrongylus colubriformis (Strongylida), a small intestinal nematode of small ruminants, is a major cause of production and economic losses in many countries. The aims of the present study were to define the transcriptome of the adult stage of T. colubriformis, using 454 sequencing technology and bioinformatic analyses, and to predict the main...

The lungworm, Dictyocaulus viviparus, causes parasitic bronchitis in cattle, and is responsible for substantial economic losses in temperate regions of the world. Here, we undertake the first large-scale exploration of available transcriptomic data for this lungworm, examine differences in transcription between different stages/both genders and ide...

Liver flukes, such as Clonorchis sinensis and Opisthorchis viverrini, are food-borne parasites that have a major impact on the health of humans and animals, particularly in Asia. However, the impact of C. sinensis and O. viverrini, in particular, is exacerbated in that these parasites can induce a malignant, untreatable cancer (cholangiocarcinoma,...

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and targeted sequencing were employed to genetically classify Echinococcus granulosus cysts from humans from 12 provinces in Mongolia using two DNA loci, designated pcox-1 and pnad-1, within the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox-1) and NADH dehydrog...

Transcriptomics (at the level of single cells, tissues and/or whole organisms) underpins many fields of biomedical science, from understanding the basic cellular function in model organisms, to the elucidation of the biological events that govern the development and progression of human diseases, and the exploration of the mechanisms of survival, d...

The two parasitic trematodes, Clonorchis sinensis and Opisthorchis viverrini, have a major impact on the health of tens of millions of humans throughout Asia. The greatest impact is through the malignant cancer ( = cholangiocarcinoma) that these parasites induce in chronically infected people. Therefore, both C. sinensis and O. viverrini have been...

Gene Ontology (GO) terms (according to the categories ‘biological process’, ‘cellular component’ and ‘molecular function’) linked to peptides predicted for Necator americanus and Ancylostoma caninum. (0.16 MB XLS)

InterPro domains identified in the peptides predicted for Necator americanus and Ancylostoma caninum. (0.39 MB XLS)

Biological pathways involving key peptides predicted for Necator americanus and Ancylostoma caninum. (0.04 MB XLS)

Description of Caenorhabditis elegans orthologues of Necator americanus contigs for which inferred peptides were associated with ‘druggable’ InterPro domains and/or Enzyme Commission (EC) numbers, and a list of candidate nematocidal compounds linked to these domains predicted using the BRENDA database (see Materials and methods). The presence (&#10...

The blood-feeding hookworm Necator americanus infects hundreds of millions of people worldwide. In order to elucidate fundamental molecular biological aspects of this hookworm, the transcriptome of the adult stage of Necator americanus was explored using next-generation sequencing and bioinformatic analyses. A total of 19,997 contigs were assembled...

The high-resolution analysis of genetic variation has major implications for the identification of parasites and micro-organisms to species and subspecies as well as for population genetic and epidemiological studies. In this study, we critically assessed the effectiveness of a PCR-based restriction endonuclease fingerprinting (REF) method for the...

The disease caused by Haemonchus contortus, a blood-feeding nematode of small ruminants, is of major economic importance worldwide. The infective third-stage larva (L3) of this gastric nematode is enclosed in a cuticle (sheath) and, once ingested with herbage by the host, undergoes an exsheathment process that marks the transition from the free-liv...

Gene ontology (GO). Terms (i.e. 'biological process', 'cellular component' and/or 'molecular function') representing proteins inferred to be encoded by either the ensheathed (= L3) or exsheathed (= xL3) third larval stage of Haemonchus contortus.

List of Caenorhabditis elegans orthologues. C. elegans orthologues of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and genome survey sequences (GSS) representing either the ensheathed (= L3) or exsheathed (= xL3) third larval stage of Haemonchus contortus.

Protein motifs. InterPro domains predicted peptide sequences encoded in either the ensheathed (= L3) or exsheathed (= xL3) third larval stage of Haemonchus contortus.

Prediction of biological pathways. Pathways predicted for molecules inferred to be encoded in either the ensheathed (= L3) or exsheathed (= xL3) third larval stage of Haemonchus contortus.

Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rtPCR). The sequences of oligonucleotide primers used in rtPCR (see Methods).

Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) unique to the exsheathed third larval stage (xL3). Bioinformatic characterisation of ESTs encoding molecules uniquely transcribed in the xL3 of Haemonchus contortus with orthologues in Caenorhabditis elegans and other parasitic nematodes.

Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) unique to the ensheathed third larval stage (L3). Bioinformatic characterisation of ESTs encoding molecules uniquely transcribed in the L3 of Haemonchus contortus with orthologues in Caenorhabditis elegans and other parasitic nematodes.

Probabilistic genetic interaction network predictions. A list of Caenorhabditis elegans orthologues of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) unique to either the ensheathed (= L3) or exsheathed (= xL3) third larval stage of Haemonchus contortus for which probabilistic genetic interaction networks were predicted. Interacting genes are listed according to d...

In the present study, a full-length cDNA (designated Hc-vha-6) inferred to encode an alpha subunit of a vacuolar-type proton translocating adenosine triphosphatase (V-ATPase) was isolated from the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus, and characterized. The transcript for Hc-vha-6 was detected in all developmental stages and both sexes of H. con...

A full-length complementary DNA (cDNA; designated Hc-stp-1) encoding a serine/threonine phosphatase (Hc-STP-1) was isolated from Haemonchus contortus, a strongylid nematode parasite of small ruminants. Hc-stp-1 was shown to be transcribed in males of both adults and fourth-stage larvae, but not in females, early larval stages or eggs. The full-leng...

Infectious diarrhoea represents a major cause of disease globally. The rapid and accurate detection of pathogens (i.e. viruses, bacteria and protists) is central to effective diagnosis and control. However, the detection of these causative agents often relies on phenetic (e.g., microscopic, serological/immunological and biochemical) approaches, whi...

Dermatophytes are fungi that can be contagious and cause infections in the keratinized skin of mammals, including humans. The etiological diagnosis of dermatophytosis relies on a combination of in vitro-culture and microscopic methods. Effective molecular tools could overcome the limitations of conventional methods of identification. In the present...

Cestodes of the genus Taenia occur as adult tapeworms in the small intestine of carnivorous definitive hosts and are transmitted to particular mammalian intermediate hosts, in which they develop as fluid-filled larvae in tissues, causing the disease cysticercosis or coenuriasis. A number of species are of medical importance and/or cause losses to t...

We evaluated a combined microscopic-molecular approach for the diagnosis of key strongylid infections in sheep using panels of well-defined control and test samples. The method established is based on the separation of nematode eggs from faecal samples using a salt flotation procedure, the extraction and column-purification of genomic DNA, followed...

Adenine nucleotide translocators (ANTs) belong to the mitochondrial carrier family (MCF) of proteins. ATP production and consumption are tightly linked to ANTs, the kinetics of which have been proposed to play a key regulatory role in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. ANTs are also recognized as a central component of the mitochondrial perme...

In the present study, we have extended earlier taxonomic, biochemical and experimental investigations to characterize Echinococcus granulosus from various hosts in Iran utilizing DNA regions (designated pcox1 and pnad1) within the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 and NADH dehydrogenase 1 mitochondrial genes, respectively. An emphasis was placed on th...

Three species of Globocephaloides, parasitic nematodes occurring in macropodid marsupials in different areas of Australia, were characterized by the sequences of the first and second internal transcribed spacers (ITS-1 and ITS-2) of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Samples were subjected to PCR-coupled SSCP analysis and targeted sequencing, in order to asses...

On Jun 16, 2009 this sequence version replaced gi:239819681.

On Jun 16, 2009 this sequence version replaced gi:239819682.