Bobak Moazzami

Emory University | EU

PURPOSE: Hyper Immunoglobulin M (HIgM) syndrome is a heterogeneous group of primary immunodeficiency disorders, characterized by recurrent infections and associated with decreased serum IgG and IgA, but normal or increased IgM. The aim of the present study was to evaluate respiratory manifestations in patients with HIgM syndrome. METHODS: A total...

Background: We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the possible effects of vitamin D deficiency on clinical outcomes of critically-ill children. Methods: We searched Scopus-Embase and PubMed-Medline databases to find eligible observational articles. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate the strength of asso...

Background: Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a heterogeneous group of disorders, characterized by recurrent upper and lower respiratory tract infections and some non-infectious clinical complications. Objective: The current study aimed to provide a detailed evaluation of respiratory presentations and complications in a cohort of Irania...

The well-being of the health care workforce is the cornerstone of every well-functioning health system. As a result of the pandemic, medical healthcare providers are under an enormous amount of workload pressure along with increased total health expenditures. The overwhelming burden of COVID-19 illness could lead to caregiver burnout. Direct-to-con...

Introduction: People with obesity experience stigma and discrimination for their physical appearance and weight. Data is limited among stigmatization and prejudices among Hispanics (HISP) and non-Hispanic Whites (NHW) and Blacks (NHB) with obesity and diabetes in the U.S. We compare prejudices, stigma and internal negative bias in these groups. Met...

Background:There is a need for accurate glycemic control metrics in patients with diabetes and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Hence, we assessed the relationship of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics and laboratory-measured hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) treated by hemodialysis. Methods: This prospective ob...

OBJECTIVE Patients with diabetes and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) may experience “burnt-out diabetes,” defined as having an HbA1c value <6.5% without antidiabetic therapy for >6 months. We aim to assess glycemic control by continuous glucose monitoring (Dexcom G6 CGM) metrics and glycemic markers in ESKD patients on hemodialysis with burnt-out d...

OBJECTIVE In participants with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and HbA1c >9.0–10.0%, guidelines recommend treatment with basal-bolus insulin. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This randomized trial compared the efficacy and safety of insulin degludec and liraglutide (IDegLira) and basal-bolus among participants with high HbA1c ≥9.0–15.0%, previously treated with...

Introduction The prevalence, severity, and quality of life (QoL) impact of diabetic retinopathy (DR) among African–Americans (AAs) with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) undergoing dialysis are unknown. Research design and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 93 AA adults with diabetes and ESKD. The diagnosis of DR was based on a review...

We compared the efficacy of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and point of care (POC) testing (standard of care) in assessing glycemic control in older adults with T2D treated with either basal insulin or insulin secretagogues plus sliding scale in long-term care facilities (LTCF). All 97 subjects underwent POC testing before meals and bedtime an...

The efficacy of real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rt-CGM) in adjusting insulin therapy in long-term care facilities (LTCF) has not been evaluated. Accordingly, we randomized 100 insulin-treated subjects with T2D in LTCF. All subjects underwent point-of-care (POC) capillary glucose testing before meals and bedtime. Patients in the standard of...

Differing blood glucose (BG) targets are recommended by professional organizations in noncritical care settings. Previous Endocrine Society and ADA guidelines recommended a target BG of 70-140 and 140-180 mg/dl; however, the 2023 ADA Standards of Care recommends a target of 100-180 mg/dl. The lack of consensus is due to the lack of randomized clini...

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is the most common hyperglycemic emergency in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. DKA accounts for more than 185,000 hospital admissions per year in the United States and is reported in 4–9% of all hospital discharge summaries among patients discharged with a primary diagnosis of diabetes. The triad of unc...

Introduction: The occurrence of anastomotic biliary stricture (BS) remains an essential issue following liver transplantation (LT). The present study aimed to compare our findings regarding the incidence of anastomotic BS to what is known. Methods: The present study is a single-center, retrospective cohort study of a total number of 717 consecut...

Background: Peripheral arterial disease is a major health problem, and in about 1% to 2% of patients, the disease progresses to critical limb ischaemia (CLI), also known as critical limb-threatening ischaemia. In a substantial number of individuals with CLI, no effective treatment options other than amputation are available, with around a quarter...

IDegLira-HIGH trial was a non-inferiority, prospective, randomized clinical trial, comparing the efficacy and safety of insulin degludec/liraglutide combination (IDegLira) and a regimen of multiple daily injections (MDI) with basal-bolus insulin (BB) in adults (>18-80 years of age) , with type 2 diabetes (T2D) , and very high HbA1c (>9%-15%) , prev...

Background and Methods: This cross-sectional study determined the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in non-Hispanic African Americans (AA) with end-stage-kidney disease (ESKD) and their impact on quality of life. A total of 95 adults with type 1 (n= 10) and type 2 (n= 85) on dialysis diabetes were assessed for DR using portable hand-held (Opt...

Background: Prescribing insulin pens without needles during hospital discharge was common in our hospital system. We assessed the impact of quality initiatives and prescribing guidance on the prevalence of patients discharged on insulin pens with and without an associated prescription for pen needles. Methods: We retrospectively collected data from...

Background: Decision-making on allocating scarce medical resources is crucial in the context of a strong health system reaction to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Therefore, understanding the risk factors related to a high mortality rate can enable the physicians for a better decision-making process. Methods: Information was colle...

Pruritus is one of the disturbing complications induced by chronic liver disease (CLD), bearing a negative impact on patient quality of life and potentially resulting in early liver transplants. Given the main role of the autotaxin enzyme in pruritus induced by CLD and the suppressive effects of melatonin on the expression of the autotaxin gene, th...

Background: Plastic biliary stent placement has been widely used as a safe approach for the management of hilar neoplasms or the dilation of benign biliary obstruction. Despite the complexity of this procedure, this approach is followed by a few complications. The incidence rate of stent migration is about 10%. In a majority of cases, the migrated...

Background: Plastic biliary stent placement has been widely used as a safe approach for the management of hilar neoplasms or the dilation of benign biliary obstruction. Despite the complexity of this procedure, this approach is followed by a few complications. The incidence rate of stent migration is about 10%. In a majority of cases, the migrated...

Both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system are involved in the development of autoimmune diseases. The main mechanism of disease is due to adaptive immune cells that are active against self-antigens. These cells can cause major damage to body tissues. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are an important type of innate immune cell, whose role h...

Background: Thrombocytopenia is the most well-known hematological abnormality occurring in patients with liver cirrhosis. However, the rate of platelet count reduction is not the same across different chronic liver disease etiologies. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare the differences in the platelet count levels between primar...

The prevalence and mortality rate of colorectal cancer have been dramatically rising globally. Currently, colorectal cancer is emerging as the fourth leading cause of death and the third most common malignancy worldwide. The major drawback in colorectal cancer treatment is related to severe adverse events of both chemotherapy and radiation therapy...

Background Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the second most frequent primary liver tumor and defined as the heterogeneous group of tumors derived from cells in the biliary tree.Methods and ResultsBased on the anatomical locations (intrahepatic, perihilar, and distal), there are various approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of CCA. Imaging modalities...

Since the rapidly evolving outbreak of COVID-19, several empirical therapeutic options have been recommended including the use of antivirals, steroids, and vaccines. According to recent observations about different modalities in treatment of patients infected with COVID-19, plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) have been reported to...

The liver plays a pivotal role in maintaining the homeostasis of various organ systems. Also, end-stage liver disease and its complications are major causes of morbidity and mortality among adults. Individuals who develop a chronic liver disease are at increased risk of progression to multi-organ dysfunction, including the pulmonary system. The cli...

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is emerging as a major health problem worldwide. NAFLD is a continuum of disease ranging from mild liver steatosis to severe steatohepatitis, which would ultimately lead to end-stage liver disease with high morbidity and mortality rates. This disorder is considered as a silent liver disease. The metabolic s...

Introduction The prevalence of undiagnosed primary immunodeficiency diseases is remarkably high and contributes to increasing the rate of morbidity and mortality among this group of patients. Objective To examine the 10 warning sign scoring system in patients suspected of primary immune deficiency and also estimate the diagnostic delay in patients...

Primary sclerosing cholangitis is a chronic cholestatic liver disease defined by strictures of the biliary tree which could ultimately lead to liver cirrhosis and cholangiocarcinoma. Although the exact underlying etiology of this disorder is not fully understood, the pathology is believed to be caused by immune mediated mechanisms. Growing body of...

Objectives: Length of stay is considered an important surrogate for transplant survival rate and resource utilization. Therefore, in the present study, our aim was to determine factors affecting length of hospital stay. Materials and methods: We retrospectively analyzed records of patients who underwent liver transplant at the Tehran University...

Objectives: Coronary artery (CA) involvement is the most well known complication of Kawasaki disease (KD). Previous studies have suggested that QT dispersion has a predictive value in diagnosing cardiac ischemia, ventricular arrhythmia, and sudden cardiac death. However, limited data exits regarding the application of QT dispersion in KD. Therefor...

Aim: The main complication of Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP). Background: Based on demographic characteristics and underlying issues and ERCP indication, patients are categorized as high risk or low risk. There have been no studies on the synergistic effects of NSAIDS and hydration therapy,...

Background: Little is known about the prognostic ability of post-liver transplantation (LT) model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score measurement in assessing long-term outcomes. The aim of the present study was to investigate this possible relationship. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, the medical records of LT recipients opera...

Moazzami B, Moazzami K, Rezaei N. Early onset inflammatory bowel disease: manifestations, genetics and diagnosis. Turk J Pediatr 2019; 61: 637-647. Crohn`s disease and ulcerative colitis are immunologically mediated chronic inflammatory conditions, collectively referred to as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). While most studies have described the...

Background Little is known about the prognostic ability of post-liver transplantation (LT) model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score measurement in assessing long-term outcomes. The aim of the present study was to investigate this possible relationship. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, the medical records of LT recipients operated u...

Background: Hyper-immunoglobulin M (HIGM) syndrome is a rare heterogeneous group of primary immunodeficiency disorders characterized by low or absent serum levels of IgG and IgA along with normal or elevated serum levels of IgM. Methods: Clinical and immunological data were collected from the 75 patients' medical records diagnosed in Children's...

Defects in interleukin-10 (IL10) and interleukin-10 receptors (IL10R) are closely related to very early onset (infantile) inflammatory bowel disease (VEO-IBD). In the present study, we report a novel homozygous null mutation within interleukin-10 receptor B (IL10RB) gene in a child presenting with severe VEO-IBD. In accordance with previous reports...

Background: Home mechanical ventilation is a promising option for children requiring long-term mechanical-assisted ventilation, while data on cost-effectiveness of this approach is limited. Aims: To investigate the cost-effectiveness of home mechanical ventilation in children requiring long-term mechanical-assisted ventilation. Methods: A retr...

Objectives: Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 gene (PTPN22) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) have been associated with a number of different autoimmune diseases. This study aimed to investigate the association of five polymorphisms of PTPN22 gene with susceptibility to ulcerative colitis (UC) in Iran. Materials and methods: A t...

Introduction: CD40 ligand (CD40L) deficiency is an X-linked form of hyper Immunoglobulin M syndrome (XHIGM), which is caused by mutations of CD40Lgene. The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical and molecular basis of this disorder with a long period of follow-up on an Iranian patients group. Methods: Totally, 21 patients diagnose...

Objective Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disorder characterized by multisystem involvement, including the nervous system. In the present study, we aimed to assess neuropsychiatric manifestations in juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) in Iran. Methods One hundred and forty-six pediatric onset patients with...

BACKGROUND Pediatric-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (pSLE) accounts for about 10%–20% of all patients with SLE. Deficiencies in early complement components of the classical pathway are the strong genetic risk factor for the development of SLE. In this study, clinical and laboratory manifestations of both complement-deficient and normal compleme...

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a complex clinical syndrome that represents the end stage of various cardiac diseases and is characterized by the inability of the heart to meet metabolic demands of the body. Many physiological systems are involved in this disease. In particular, the activation of the immune system has received considerable interest...

Background Limited information exists between the associations of diabetes mellitus (DM) and solar lentigo (SL); a benign, common skin lesion characterized by hyperpigmented macules. Methods This study was conducted on 90 patients diagnosed with DM and their age and sex matched controls who were referred to the Departments of Endocrinology at Babo...

Introduction: Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PID) are a heterogeneous group of inherited disorders, characterised by recurrent severe infections, autoimmunity and lymphoproliferation. Despite impressive progress in identification of novel PID, there is an unfortunate lack of awareness among physicians in identification of patients with PID, es...

Urolithiasis has become a worldwide problem with the prevalence of the disease increasing over the past few decades. While various treatment modalities have evolved over the years, discrepancies exist regarding the clinical indications and the efficacy of each of these treatment options. In the present review, we aim to review the current treatment...

Peripheral arterial disease is a major health problem, and in about 1% to 2% of patients the disease progresses to critical limb ischaemia (CLI). In a substantial number of patients with CLI, no effective treatment option other than amputation is available and around a quarter of these patients will require a major amputation during the following y...

Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the leading cause of death in developed countries, and current treatment modalities have failed to regenerate the dead myocardium resulting from the ischemic damage. Stem cells have the potential to regenerate the damaged myocardium. These cells can be mobilized from the bone marrow by factors such...