Bin Liu

Wuhan University of Technology | WHUT · Green & Smart River-Sea-Going Ship, Cruise and Yacht Research Centre

This study presents experimental and finite element investigations on the ultimate strength of the funnel structure of a large passenger ship subjected to wind pressure. An experimental test is conducted using a similar model to analyze the failure characteristics of the funnel structure. The model is designed based on similar theories to simulate...

The paper presents a review of the developments in ship collision analysis over the last 10 years and the challenges to an Accidental Limit State (ALS) design method of ships based on collisions. It aims to discuss the technical difficulties in finite element analysis, especially the mesh-dependent material failure criterion, the accuracy of the an...

A micro-meso-macro analysis framework based on the multi-scale method was employed to analyse the mechanical behaviour of marine GFRP stiffened panels. The study aims to establish a procedure for assessing the impact of material composition and weave on the ultimate strength of GFRP stiffened panels. The ultimate strength assessment was an essentia...

A material failure criterion, based on the combination of the revised Bressan-Williams-Hill (BWH) local instability criterion and damage evolution model, is presented to analyse numerically the fracture behaviour of aluminium alloy plates struck by an indenter with various nose shapes. The parameters used in the material failure criterion are easil...

The engineering modelling of ship hull girder strength consists of global and local levels. The Smith-type progressive collapse analysis is a typical example of this, in which the global model requires input from the local model to describe the underlying local structural behaviour, i.e., load-shortening curve (LSC). However, the modelling is prone...

The engineering modelling of ship hull girder strength usually consists of global and local levels. The Smith-type progressive collapse method is a typical example of this kind, in which the global model requires input from the local model with the underpinning local structural behaviour, i.e., load-shortening curve (LSC). However, the modelling is...

Committee Mandate Concern for the structural longevity of ship, offshore and other marine structures. This shall include diagnosis and prognosis of structural health, prevention of structural failures such as corrosion and fatigue, and structural rehabilitation. The focus shall be on methodologies translating monitoring data into operational and li...

Discussion Discussers’ reports and floor discussions, including the replies by the committees, are included in this Volume 3 discussion paper. Committee Mandate Concern for the structural longevity of ship, offshore and other marine structures. This shall include diagnosis and prognosis of structural health, prevention of structural failures such...

The paper presents the experimental results of scaled double-hull specimens tested by applying local imposed deformations by two different rigid indenters. The quasi-static experiments are performed to investigate the crushing behaviour of the steel structure in ship collision scenarios. Finite element models are also established to calculate the c...

This paper presents experimental and finite element analyses of the ultimate strength and buckling collapse behaviours of a single- and a double-hull girder with a large deck opening subjected to cyclic ultimate bending moments. The cyclic ultimate bending moments here means that the external load in every cycle exceed the ultimate load bearing cap...

The swimming pool on large passenger ships creates challenges for structural designers. Designers have to take into account the effect of the large opening and its reinforcement on the strength of deck structures. In this paper, experimental and finite element analyses are presented on the ultimate compressive strength of two double-deck structures...

Long-span stiffened panels, designed using girders with high webs and multi-web openings, are often used in the top of large spaces without inner columns, such as the theatre and the lounge in large passenger ships. This design, accompanied by in-tension pillars above the long-span stiffened panel, can decrease the deck deflection largely. In this...

The paper presents experimental, numerical and analytical analyses of a small-scale double-hull structure quasi-statically punched at the mid-span by a rigid flat edge indenter, to examine its energy-absorbing mechanism and fracture. The present study aims to further validate the numerical analysis procedure and the analytical method of individual...

This paper elaborates the impact characteristics of double hull structures in various ship types including bulk carrier, container ship, LNG carrier and oil tanker. Their own structural configurations, such as the strengthened topside tank in the container ship, affect the crashworthiness of double hull structures in ship collisions. Two striking b...

The present paper continues the recent work reported by Liu and Guedes Soares [1] where finite element simulations were conducted to investigate the ultimate strength of a container ship hull girder under cyclic bending moments. Here a membrane LNG carrier is investigated to evaluate the “cyclic ultimate strength” of this specialized ship hull stru...

A conceptual design framework for collision and grounding analysis is proposed to evaluate the crashworthiness of double-hull structures. This work attempts to simplify the input parameters needed for the analysis, which can be considered as a step towards a design-oriented procedure against collision and grounding. Four typical collision and groun...

A Correction to this paper has been published: 10.1007/s11804-021-00194-2

The paper presents experimental and finite element analyses of the ultimate strength of a stiffened panel with a large opening on the plating and multi small openings on the longitudinal and transverse girders and subjected to combined uniaxial and lateral loads. This investigation provides practical information to estimate the effect of the large...

The paper evaluates the response of an aluminium stiffened panel of a fast displacement craft under bow flare slamming loads by using three finite element methods: (1) a linear static analysis to calculate the structural elastic deformation and stress under the design load; (2) an independent analysis of the slamming load and the elastic structural...

The concept of “cyclic ultimate strength” of ship hull structures is proposed. In navigating in waves a ship is subjected to alternate bending moments in hogging and sagging conditions. The present study aims to demonstrate that the ship hull girder can experience a weaker ultimate strength under cyclic loading than under monotonically increasing b...

The paper presents experiments and finite element simulations of welded aluminium-alloy 5083-H111 plates under near-field air-blast loadings to examine their dynamic plastic deformation and failure. The material degradation takes place in the heat-affected zone affecting the failure mode of aluminium plates. Five specimens are assessed, one bare pl...

The present paper continues the recent works reported by Liu et al. (2020) where quasi-static indentation experiments and finite element simulations were reported to investigate the plastic behaviour and failure of four stiffened aluminium-alloy plates punched by a rigid hemispherical indenter: one bare plate, one butt-welded plate, two plates with...

Experimental and finite element analyses are performed to identify the buckling strength of a large-scale specimen of tourist submarine subjected to external hydrostatic pressure. The tourist submarines are designed with multi-windows, built up of structural openings, affecting the buckling and ultimate strength of their pressure hulls. The hydrost...

This work reviews the ultimate compressive strength of aluminium plates and stiffened panels. The effect of boundary condition, initial imperfection, welding-induced residual stress and heat-affected zone are discussed. As the effect of manufacturing technology lacks in the literature, this effect is analysed employing the finite element method, co...

The ultimate compressive strength of equivalent stiffened panels made of aluminium and steel is analysed numerically and compared. This equivalence is established based on the design formulations as defined by the Classification Society Rules. Novel web girders, with openings for passing pipes and cables, are designed, and their importance on the u...

The paper presents experiments and finite-element simulations of welded 5083-H116 aluminium alloy panels, quasi-statically punched at the mid-span by a rigid hemispherical indenter, to examine their plastic deformation and fracture resistance. Four specimens are examined: one bare plate, one butt-welded plate and two stiffened plates. The effect of...

The slamming phenomenon often occurs when the bottom of a ship hits the seawater with a relatively high velocity in irregular waves. In extreme sea conditions, the slam-induced dynamic loads can be quite large resulting in local structural damages and/or global deformation of the panels, in particular when ships face head sea waves with high forwar...

An experiment is performed of the ultimate strength an inland catamaran subjected to a vertical bending moment, and a finite element analysis of the scaled model is also conducted. The inland vessels are designed with a shallow draught and a relatively small section modulus and moment of inertia of the hull cross-section, which makes the ultimate l...

Quasi-static punching tests and low-velocity impact tests have been conducted to examine the plastic response and failure of clamped rectangular steel plates struck by hemispherical indenters. The length, width and thickness of plate specimens are 127 mm, 76 mm and 1.4 mm, respectively. Experimentally obtained quasi-static and dynamic force–displac...

A series of small-scale specimens of unstiffened and stiffened web girders were designed and tested by applying local imposed deformations by an indenter. These quasi-static experiments were to investigate the crushing behaviour of vertical stiffeners in web girders. Finite element (FE) models are established to calculate the crushing deformations...

Corrosion wastage is one of the most important structural degradation phenomena of ageing ships and leads to severe consequences in reducing the strength of ship structures in all loading conditions during the service life. This paper investigates the effect of steel corrosion degradation on the ship structural crashworthiness in grounding numerica...

This paper presents a series of experimental and numerical studies on the behaviour of scaled tubular components and T-joints subjected to transverse impact loads. These scaled specimens are made to represent tubular joints on a jack-up or jacket offshore platform. They are struck transversely by a falling wedge indenter. Measurements are taken of...

A rigid striking bow is often applied in the analysis of ship-to-ship collisions. In this paper, a deformable striking bow is used to investigate the influence of deformed bow on the resistance of struck ship double-hull structure. The numerical simulations manage to describe the respective energy dissipated by the deformed striking bow and struck...

The paper summarises observations of the fracture response of small-scale double hull specimens subjected to quasi-static impact loads by means of simulations of the respective experiments. The collision scenarios are used to evaluate the discretisation of the finite element models, and the energy-responses given by various failure criteria commonl...

The paper presents a review of experiments and calculation procedures for the resistances of ship structural components subjected to impact loadings. The purpose of the paper is to highlight the importance of large-scale collision and grounding experiments and to discuss the technical difficulties and challenges in analytical, empirical and numeric...

This paper presents a benchmark study on collision simulations that was initiated by the MARSTRUCT Virtual Institute. The objective was to compare assumptions, finite element models, modelling techniques and experiences between established researchers within the field. Fifteen research groups world-wide participated in the study. An experiment invo...

The paper summarises experiments and finite element simulations of a square steel plate laterally impacted by a rigid hemispherical indenter. The plastic response until failure is evaluated in a quasi-static and dynamic manner, so that to investigate the importance of the material strain rate for the material characterisation in numerical analyses...

When SWATH (Small Waterplane Area Twin Hull) ship hulls are exposed to horizontal extreme wave loads, the transverse ultimate strength is critical due to large stress concentrations in the narrow struts and haunches. In this paper, an experiment has been performed to examine the ultimate strength of a one-eighth scaled SWATH ship model subjected to...

The paper presents an experimental and numerical analysis of the residual stresses and strains induced during the cold bending of thick steel plates. Cold bending technique is widely used in the shipbuilding and offshore industry, and thus it is important to know about the changes in the material characteristics induced during the metal fabrication...

The paper compares two methods based on finite element simulations to assess the external dynamics and the internal mechanics in ship collisions. One method treats independently the external dynamics and the internal mechanics (decoupled method), while the other one couples their interaction (coupled method). In the decoupled method, the external d...

The paper presents simplified analytical methods to assess the plastic deformation and failure of double-hull ship structures subjected to bulbous bow collision. To validate the methods, numerical simulations are conducted on double-hull tanker side structures including three frame spacings along the longitudinal direction and two stringer spacings...

The paper is dedicated to enhance the industry practice in collision simulations of ship structures when only limited time and material data are available. The idea is to establish a simple, but effective procedure to determine the 'critical failure strain' as a function of coarse mesh sizes, so as to predict the critical energy to be absorbed duri...

Drop weight impact tests and numerical simulations have been performed to examine the plastic behavior and failure of clamped rectangular cross-section tubes subjected to transverse loads. The selected indenter is a hemisphere with diameter of 20 mm. The tube lengths are 125 and 250 mm, and they are struck at the mid-span and the quarter-span. The...

Experimental drop weight impact tests have been performed to investigate the impact behaviour of small-scale clamped laminated plates struck laterally by a mass with a spherical indenter. Four thin specimens and four thick specimens were tested in order to study the influence of the impact velocity and the plate thickness. The tests are conducted o...

An experimental falling weight impact test has been performed to examine the plastic response and failure of a clamped square steel plate struck laterally by a rigid hemispherical indenter. For the impacted plate scaled from ship shell plating, the respective span length and plate thickness are 1000 mm and 4 mm. The impact weight and velocity of st...

Impact experiments have been performed to evaluate the plastic deformation and failure characteristics of small-scale clamped rectangular steel plates struck by a mass with spherical and cylindrical indenters. The laboratory results are compared with numerical simulations. Six plate specimens are tested in order to study the influence of the impact...

This paper aims at summarizing experimental work that has been performed in recent years on the energy absorption of ship structural components under impact loading. The investigated components include beams and plates, and more complex structures, such as stiffened panels and web girders scaled from a ship double-hull structures. The investigation...

The paper presents experiments and finite element simulations of small-scale stiffened web girders subjected to local in-plane loads, in order to examine their crushing deformations and energy absorbing mechanisms. The specimens, scaled from a tanker bottom floor, are limited by one span between the longitudinal girders and the inner and outer bott...

Experimental and numerical results of drop weight impact tests are presented, examining the plastic response and the crack initiation and propagation of small-scale clamped rectangular aluminium plates laterally impacted by different indenter shapes. The experiments are conducted using a fully instrumented impact testing machine. The shape of the d...

The paper presents a simplified analytical method to examine the energy absorbing mechanisms of small-scale stiffened plate specimens, quasi-statically punched at the mid-span by a rigid indenter with a knife or a flat edge shape. To validate this method, experiments and numerical simulations are conducted on specimens scaled from a tanker side pan...

This paper presents an uncertainty analysis of beam and plate elements subjected to impulsive pressure loading. The limit state considered is that the maximum permanent deflection induced by the impulsive loading is limited to a critical deflection avoiding the severe reduction of the buckling collapse strength of structures. The deflection limitat...

The study presents a finite element analysis of a crashworthy shield of offshore wind turbines against ship bow or side collision. The model of crashworthy shield is assumed as a simply supported cylindrical shell with openings, laterally impacted by a rigid indenter. The circular holes are designed to decrease the wave-induced dynamic loads on the...

Quasi-static punching tests and dynamic drop weight impact tests have been performed to examine the plastic response and failure of clamped rectangular cross-section tubes struck transversely by a hemispherical indenter. The laboratory results are compared with numerical simulations. The span lengths of the tube specimens are 125 and 250 mm, and th...

Dynamic drop weight impact tests have been performed to examine the plastic response and failure of clamped rectangular tubes struck transversely by a cylindrical indenter with a hemispherical nose. The laboratory results are compared with numerical simulations. Two span lengths of the tube specimens are selected: 125 and 250 mm. The tubes are impa...

Experimental drop weight impact tests have been performed to examine the failure characteristics of small-scale clamped rectangular aluminium plates struck by a mass with cylindrical and spherical indenters. The laboratory results are compared with numerical simulations. Six plate specimens are impacted at the same kinetic energy in order to study...

Experimental drop weight impact tests have been performed to examine the dynamic plastic response and failure of clamped pre-notched beams struck transversely by a mass with a spherical indenter. The laboratory results are compared with numerical simulations. The machined notches are 2.0 and 4.0 mm in depth, and the beams are impacted at the mid-sp...

Experimental and numerical results of drop weight impact test are presented, on the plastic behaviour and fracture of rectangular plates stuck laterally by a mass with a hemispherical indenter. Six specimens were tested in order to study the influence of the impact velocity and the diameter of the indenter. The impact scenarios could represent abno...

The paper presents finite element simulations of a small-scale side panel quasi-statically punched by a knife edge indenter.The panel is scaled from a tanker vessel and is limited by one span between the web frames and the stringers. The simulations describe the energy absorbing mechanisms and failure of typical shell plating structures, and evalua...

Experimental tests have been performed to examine the response of small-scale stiffened plates laterally punched by a wedge. The specimens are supported at two opposite edges and the indenter is located at the mid-span. In the unsupported edges, the ends of the stiffeners are either connected to transverse stiffeners or remain free. The obtained fo...

Experimental drop weight impact tests have been performed to examine the failure characteristics of small-scale clamped rectangular plates stuck laterally by a mass with a spherical indenter. The experiments are conducted on aluminium and steel plates of the same bending stiffness. Thus, the impact tests describe the behaviour of strength-equivalen...

A simple method based on plastic theory is proposed to study the ultimate torsional strength of ship hulls. The plastic theory and a finite element analysis are used to analyze the collapse of a test specimen in torsion so as to compare with the experimental results. A computer program using one-dimensional finite element method is used to analyze...

The paper presents drop weight impact tests and finite element simulations examining the dynamic response of stiffeners with attached plate struck transversely by a mass. The influence of the impact velocity and the stiffener type is analyzed using the force-displacement responses of the impacted specimens. The numerical simulations represents the...

Structural model test method is used to predict the ultimate strength of a SWATH (small waterplane area twin hull) ship in this paper. Similarity theory, combined with finite element method, is applied to conduct the structural model design in the ultimate strength test. MSC.Nastran is applied to analyze the FE-models of the SWATH ship and its scal...

Nowadays, numerical calculation and structural model test are mainly applied in the ultimate strength analysis of ship structure. This paper presents the results of an ultimate strength test to determine the ultimate load-carrying capacity of an ocean-survey SWATH ship. A comparison between nonlinear FEA (finite element analysis) for test model and...