Ayesha Kausar

National Centre For Physics, Quaid-i-Azam University Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan.

In this study, novel poly(imide-ethylene glycol) (PIEG) was prepared via polycondensation of ethylenediaminetetraacetic dianhydride, 4-aminophenyl sulfone, and poly(ethylene glycol) bis(amine). Later, thermally stable and mechanically robust undoped and acid-doped proton exchange membranes were prepared using the graphene oxide (GO) nanofiller. Fie...

This review deals with progress in studies of polymer and fullerene (mainly C60)-based nanocomposite. Doping of polymeric materials with fullerenes is a significant research spot; however synthesis of polymer/fullerene nanocomposite is still in its infancy. In this regard, conventional, synthetic as well as conducting polymers have been doped with...

Ecology-friendly or eco-friendly polymers are also known as green polymeric materials. Interest in green polymers is continually growing due to the increasing environmental concerns. Eco-friendly polymers are either biodegradable or obtained from renewable resources. Polyesters (polyhydroxyalkanoates), polycarprolactone, polylactic acid, polyglycol...

In this entry, fire protection of polymeric materials has been discussed with respect to flame-retardant polymers as well as additives employed. Flame retardants for polymer and their potential suitability for use in fire applications have been reviewed. Five principle types of flame retardants were discussed for inclusion in polymers, namely halog...

Polymeric systems may exhibit exceptional properties owing to the presence of structural entities with nanometer-range dimensions. Nanostructured polymeric composite and nanocomposite having different morphologies and spatial organizations have wide range of uses in the biomedical fields. This chapter presents behavior of nanostructured polymer-bas...

Polyurethane is a versatile polymer with range of essential characteristics such as processability, tensile strength, thermal stability, chemical resistance, and so forth. Polyurethane has been applied in variety of applications such as coating, elastomer, foam, and fiber technology. Polyurethane foams are rigid and flexible as well as semirigid. T...

Polymer/Nanodiamond Nanocomposites: Fundamentals, Properties and Applications provides an up-to-date review of these materials. The structure, design, processing, and properties, as well as technological advancements, are all thoroughly discussed. Several practical and potential application areas are also identified such as tribological aerospace/a...

The nanodiamond is an important nanoallotrope of carbon structures. Nanodiamonds have been observed as essential contenders for nanocomposites due to structural, mechanical, thermal, conducting, biocompatible, and lots of other physical characteristics. The discovery of the nanodiamond can be dated back to the mid-twentieth century and after that c...

This chapter explores the important applications of nanodiamonds in batteries, hydrogen fuel cells, and solar cells. Various remarkable nanodiamond-derived nanomaterials have been designed and used for these important energy storage and production devices. It can be stated that the high strength, high specific surface area, and electrochemical stab...

In this chapter, a modern update on the fundamentals and implication of shape-memory polymers and shape-memory/nanodiamond nanocomposites have been stated. Shape-memory phenomenon usually follows physical and covalent interactions or cross-linking to create final stimuli-responsive effects. Stimuli-responsive materials have been investigated for in...

This chapter summarizes recent advancements in important application areas of nanodiamonds, i.e., radiation shielding and corrosion protection. The polymer-based nanocomposites were studied with incorporation of nanodiamond particles, and their comparison is made with other nanoforms of carbon. The morphology of nanodiamonds has been studied in par...

Polymer and nanodiamond nanocomposites have been in focus because of their range of technological applications and multifunctional features. Consequently, the tribological features of nanodiamonds have been found noteworthy to be discussed. The tribological features of the polymer/nanodiamond nanomaterials are especially important for aerospace, a...

Conjugated polymers have a p-conjugation system in the main chain leading to high semiconducting features. These polymers own low weight, facile processing, electrical conduction, thermal and chemical robustness, and ecological properties. Upon doping, generally, the electrical conductivity properties of the conjugated polymers have improved. Simil...

The nanodiamond is one of the emergent nanocarbon nanostructures having considerably high surface area and useful optical, mechanical, thermal, wear, and friction characteristics. Consequently, it has been adopted as an important nanocarbon nanofiller for polymeric matrices. Thermoplastics, thermosets, and conducting matrices have been reinforced w...

This chapter presents fundamentals, indispensable features, and latency of the thermosetting matrices reinforced with nanodiamond nanomaterials. Nanodiamond nanofillers have been adopted to enhance the characteristics of a few important thermosets such as epoxy and polyurethane matrices. Nanodiamond nanofillers have positively influenced the mechan...

This chapter stresses the status of nanodiamond nanoparticles in developing nanobifillers through a combination with other nanocarbon nanostructures. The collection of nanodiamond nanoparticles with nanocarbons such as graphene, carbon nanotube, etc. has led to the formation of unique nanobistructures. The combined nanostructures have exceptional c...

Advancements in the field of nanodiamond nanomaterials have led to the production of polymer- and nanodiamond-derived nanocomposites. This chapter delivers a starter on polymer/nanodiamond nanocomposites. Among polymers, various thermoplastics, thermosets, and conductive matrices have been reinforced with the nanodiamond nanofiller. The polymer/nan...

This preliminary chapter of a significant paperback on nanodiamond and related nanocomposite nanomaterials shines a light on the fundamentals of nanodiamonds, including the essential fabrications, structures, and general chemistry of nanodiamonds, as well as applications for this vital nanocarbon nanostructure. Like graphene, fullerene, and carbon...

Many advancements in the field of nanotechnology have led the development of remarkable and innovative nanomaterials. Nanodiamond nanoparticles and derived nanocomposites can be observed as one of such notable inventions coming from nanotechnology. Nanodiamonds possess vital structural, physiochemical, and practical characteristics to be employed t...

In this review, conducting nanocomposite coatings have been discussed for corrosion protection of metal substrates and alloys. Conducting polymers reveal inherent corrosion protection properties, which were further enhanced by adding nanoparticles to form efficient nanocomposite coatings. In this regard, conducting coatings filled with carbon nanop...

Current trends in fuel cell reliant energy technologies are rapidly growing to meet the modern global environmental and sustainability concerns. Among different types of fuel cells developed so far, polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell revealed benefits of low price, high efficiency, and environmental safety. To attain further ecological and sust...

Nanoclays (layered silicates) have been applied as effective reinforcements for polymeric matrices. Chitosan has gained much research interest owing to its remarkable physical features and applications. It is an important amino-polysaccharide formed from deacetylated chitin. The processability, properties, and applicability of chitosan have been en...

Nanoclays, exclusive inorganic two-dimensional nanostructures, have been frequently used as a reinforcement for polymeric nanocomposites. An imperative application of nanoclay-based nanocomposites has been experiential in membrane sector. Nanoclay reinforced membranes brought about several revolts in water purification systems. This advanced overvi...

Exceptional category of alloys comprising five or more alloying metals in structures are referred as high entropy alloys. Uniqueness of these alloys have been observed due to the combination of superior mechanical, thermal, conducting, anticorrosion, and other physical properties. Unlike traditional metallic alloys (two metals), the varying element...

Water pollution has become a serious threat to our ecosystem. Water contamination due to human, commercial, and industrial activities has negatively affected the whole world. Owing to the global demanding challenges of water pollution treatments and achieving sustainability, membrane technology has gained increasing research attention. Although num...

Development of graphene nanocomposite membranes has gained increasing research attention owing to physical and operational benefits for technical applications. The surface structure and physicochemical features of graphene nanocomposite membranes have been found indispensable for carbon capture. This state-of-the art review article has covered the...

This overview is designed to highpoint the existing field state of graphene and derived nanocomposites towards most demanding energy devices and systems. Recently, adopting efficient energy conversion and storage systems for technical practices have attained increasing research focus. Owing to unique structure, microstructure, and methodological fe...

After the discovery of carbon nanoforms, carbon nanotube (one dimensional) and tube like nanostructure and graphene (two dimensional) nanosheets have gained immense research curiosity. Further nanotechnological developments have moved towards the formation of carbon nanotube nanocomposites and graphene nanocomposites. For the purpose, various matri...

Graphene and derivatives have been frequently used to form advanced nanocomposites. A very significant utilization of polymer/graphene nanocomposite was found in the membrane sector. The up-to-date overview essentially highpoints the design, features, and advanced functions of graphene nanocomposite membranes towards gas separations. In this concer...

This state-of-the-art overview emphasizes electrospinning technique and resulting electrospun nanofibers and nanofibrous membranes. Consequently, the electrospinning method as well as the formation and features of the electrospun nanofiber/membrane nanomaterials have been described. Properties of the electrospun nanofibers have found to be enhanced...

Graphene has been ranked among one of the most remarkable nanostructure of the carbon world. Graphene modification and nanocomposite formation have been used to expand the practical potential of graphene nanostructure. The overview is an effort to highpoint the indispensable synthesis strategies towards the formation of graphene nanocomposites. Con...

Due to rising global environmental challenges, air/water pollution treatment technologies, especially membrane techniques, have been focused on. In this context, air or purification membranes have been considered effective for environmental remediation. In the field of polymeric membranes, high-performance polymer/graphene nanocomposite membranes h...

Shape memory polymers/nanocomposites own remarkable capability to deform into temporary shape and regain original form with appropriate external stimuli of light, heat, voltage, etc. Among thermosets, epoxies have been studied to form shape memory materials. Carbon nanoparticles (graphene, carbon nanotube) have been filled in shape memory epoxies n...

Carbon nano-onions (CNOs)-reinforced nanocomposites are one of the most attractive materials due to their excellent performance in many fields of applications. This review paper aims to provide a systematic, albeit selective, survey of innovative developments in CNO-derived nanocomposites. First, molecular structure, fabrication and purification me...

Carbon nano-onions (CNOs)-reinforced nanocomposites are one of the most attractive materials due to their excellent performance in many fields of applications. This review paper aims to provide a systematic, albeit selective, survey of innovative developments in CNO-derived nanocomposites. First, molecular structure, fabrication and purification me...

Nanoclays (layered silicates) have been applied as effective reinforcements for range of natural and synthetic polymeric matrices. Recent research has turned toward design and exploration of green nanocomposites using green polymers and nanoclay nanofillers. This state-of-the-art comprehensive overview debates design and performance prospects of gr...

Carbon fibers have been technically applied in high performance materials and industrial scale applications. Importantly, carbon fiber reinforced composite materials have found applications in aerospace industries. These properties of carbon fiber reinforced composites depend upon the carbon fiber features such as length, orientation, surface prope...

Due to industrial, commercial, and human activities, water pollution or contamination has become a stern environmental threat affecting all the living species. Consequently, efficient water pollution treatment technologies have been focused due to increasing global demands of clean water. Among various purification methodologies, competent adsorpti...

Graphene has been employed in the methodological energy maneuvers due to remarkable structure and features, however the use is limited due to nanosheet aggregation issues. Metal-organic framework has also been used for energy systems, nevertheless possess low conductivity and stability issues towards application. This state-of-the-art review is des...

Fullerene has been acknowledged as a significant nanocarbon nanofiller enhancing the imperative polymer characteristics. Since, thermoplastic polymers constitute a large group of polymeric materials, fullerene has been used as reinforcement in these matrices mostly via non-covalent means. This state-of-the-art review article summarizes thermoplasti...

Graphene is a unique nanocarbon nanostructure which is commonly used to form the nanocomposites. Green strategies (chemical vapour deposition with green catalysts, mechanical exfoliation, sonication) and sustainable carbon sources (plant extracts and recycled polymers) have been applied to synthesise graphene and graphene derivatives. For the forma...

Polyesters are thermoplastic polymers having ester functionalities in the backbone. Research on polyesters have led to the formation of nanocomposites with various nanoparticles including the carbon nanoforms. High-tech polyester nanocomposites have been applied in wide raging fields of electronics, space, automotives, biomedical, and other applied...

Graphene, an innovative nanocarbon, has been discovered as a significant technological material. Increasing utilization of graphene has moved research towards the development of sustainable green techniques to synthesize graphene and related nanomaterials. This review article is basically designed to highlight the significant sustainability aspects...

Graphene and graphene oxide nanoscrolls are one-dimensional graphene derivatives. Nanoscrolls, papyrus-like open ended nanostructures, are hybrid nanostructures between graphene and carbon nanotube. Research progress stated potential of graphene nanoscrolls for polymeric nanocomposites. Consequently, polymer/graphene nanoscrolls have superior surfa...

Immense research efforts on graphene or graphene oxide have led to the formation of unique nanocarbon derived nanomaterials. Graphene and graphene oxide have been reinforced in polymeric matrices to form high performance nanocomposites. Significant applications of polymer nanocomposites with graphene or graphene oxide were experiential for nanofibe...

Fullerene, an intimate zero dimensional nanocarbon, has been frequently adopted as nanocomposite reinforcement. Imperative utilizations of fullerene and derived nanocomposites have been observed in energy, optical, and electronics devices sectors. Conjugated or conductive polymers have π-conjugation backbone system leading to semiconducting feature...

Shape Memory Polymer derived Nanocomposites: Metals, Properties, and Applications summarizes fundamentals and applications of shape memory polymer derived nanocomposites. The book presents a state-of-the-art assessment, including updates on their flexibility, durability, heat stability, shape deformability, and the shape memory features of these po...

In the introductory book chapter, a contemporary outlook on several fundamentals of the shape memory polymers has been presented including the history, phenomenon, and mechanism of shape recovery, types of shape memory effects (one-way, two-way, triple, and multi-way shape changing), physical and covalent cross-linking in stimuli response, and feat...

The book segment throws light on the features of shape memory nanocomposites derived from the stimuli-responsive polymers or shape recovery induced in polymers due to the presence of the nanoparticles. In shape memory materials, the carbonaceous or carbon nanoparticles have been reinforced as the marvelous nanofillers. Inorganic nanofillers, metal...

To attain high-performance shape memory nanomaterials, the selection of polymer matrix in addition to the nanofillers has always been considered significant. Among polymers, polyurethane is a unique class of polymers with hard and soft segments in the backbone. The segmental structure always promotes energy storage during temporary shape formation...

Shape memory polymers and derived nanocomposites have the aptitude to fix to a temporary shape and then recover the original shape upon the experience of external stimuli. Owing to marvelous properties, shape memory materials reveal significant academic and industrial attention from aerospace and automobiles to electronics and energy to biomedical...

Shape memory materials contain a broad class of polymers with countless synthetic and natural polymers. Adopting high-performance stimuli-responsive polymers revealed engineering applications in the areas of aerospace, vehicles, electronics, biomedical, etc. This book subdivision grants an overview of the state-of-the-art stimuli-responsive polyest...

This elemental book interval introduces the shape memory behavior of the polystyrene and trans-1,4-polyisoprene-derived nanomaterials. Polystyrene is an important commonly used thermoplastic polymer with low price, brittleness, and transparency features. Trans-1,4-polyisoprene is a highly crystalline, tough, and hard isomeric form of rubber. Both t...

The polymeric nanocomposite sponges or foams have been developed as exclusive advanced materials. This chapter essentially abridges progress in the design, processing, properties, and uses of three-dimensional nanocomposite sponges for talented industrial application areas. The carbon nanoparticles (graphene, carbon nanotube, etc.) and the inorgani...

Shape memory polymers and derived nanocomposites form a noteworthy class of smart materials. In aerospace, shape memory polymers have found important use due to their intrinsic capabilities to recover structural damages. The thermosetting and thermoplastic polymers with nanocarbon nanofillers form efficient stimuli-responsive nanocomposites for the...

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) interrupts the electronics functions as well as human being health and environment. So, scientists have been motivated for the development of radiation protection materials. Besides, polymers and inorganic nanostructures, polymeric nanocomposites have been widely focused to develop for the EMI shields. Carbon nano...

This defining chapter hearsays some important application areas of the shape memory nanocomposites. Particularly, the sensors, actuators, supercapacitors, electronics, and smart textiles employing the shape memory nanocomposites have been discussed here. The shape memory polymer nanocomposites exhibited unusual structural and physical features, whi...

The shape memory or stimuli-responsive polymer nanocomposite-derived systems have been studied for a range of biomedical resolves. This vital chapter precisely appraises the performance of the shape memory polymer nanocomposites regarding their biomedical potential. Consequently, the structure, surface properties, morphology, physical or chemical i...

The book episode is designed to succinctly address the need for modeling and simulation techniques, in addition to the experimental upshots, to reconnoiter the shape memory polymer nanocomposites. Using the progressive modeling and simulation techniques for the design, structure, and property analysis of nanocomposites may assist to optimize the na...

The final chapter highlights the future needs and challenging aspects regarding the shape memory nanocomposite materials. Methodological developments in the field of shape memory nanocomposites demand focusing on some essential future features of these materials. The future insights and resolving challenges can further develop the shape memory mate...

Recent research is shifting towards adopting recyclable and sustainable plastics instead of traditionally used thermosetting materials. Accordingly, vitrimers behave both as thermoplastics as well as thermosetting polymers. Inimitable vitrimer polymers have been developed with dynamically crosslinked structures enhancing the durability, reprocessin...

One dimensional hollow cylindrical carbon nanotube nanostructure has played essential role in nanotechnology advancements, since its discovery. In technical fields, carbon nanotube has been applied in pristine as well as in nanocomposite form. Consequently, carbon nanotube has been composited with various conductive and non-conducting matrices as p...

This review is merely designed to throw light on the cutting-edge conjugated nanocomposites based on conjugated or conducting polymers and appropriate nanofillers. An important aspect of the conjugated nanocomposites has been observed in the anticorrosion of metals or metallic substrates. Particularly, including carbon nanoparticles (fullerene, gra...

Carbonaceous or nanocarbon nano-reinforcement nanocomposites have been found as emergent candidates for aerospace industry. Consequently, the multifunctional nanocomposites have been fabricated using marvelous nanocarbon nanostructures like graphene, carbon nanotube, fullerene, carbon black, etc. Manufacturing techniques have also been engrossed fo...

This comprehensive and novel article covers an important category of nanocomposites, i.e. polymer and graphene quantum dots derived nanocomposites. Graphene quantum dots have been found as remarkable zero-dimensional derivative of graphene having size of up to 20 nm. Similar to graphene, graphene quantum dots have been applied as beneficial nano-re...

With the nanomaterial advancements, graphene based electrodes have been developed and used for energy storage applications. Important energy storage devices like supercapacitors and batteries have employed the electrodes based on pristine graphene or graphene derived nanocomposites. This review mainly portrays the application of efficient graphene...

In this article, we overview a very important type of natural fibre, namely, hemp fibre. We consider the exclusive structure, properties, modification, the composite or nanocomposite formation and exceptional application zones. Industrial hemp fibres have been commonly developed and possess high cellulose amounts. The long hemp fibres can be termed...

Graphene oxide can be referred to as oxidized graphene. Similar to graphene, oxidized graphene possesses remarkable structural features, advantageous properties, and technical applications. Among polymeric matrices, conducting polymers have been categorized for p conjugated backbone and semiconducting features. In this context, doping, or nano-addi...

The polymer/metal hybrids have been used as a solution for the mitigation of ionizing radiation in space for sensitive electronics components, particularly for a proton-rich Low Earth Orbit (LEO) environment. Consequently, radiation attenuation analysis of polymer/metal hybrid composites has been investigated. Radiation attenuation analysis has bee...

Electromagnetic interference is considered a serious threat to electrical devices, the environment, and human beings. In this regard, various shielding materials have been developed and investigated. Graphene is a two-dimensional, one-atom-thick nanocarbon nanomaterial. It possesses several remarkable structural and physical features, including tra...

Thermosetting polymers or thermosets, thermosetting polymeric blends, and nanocomposites have gained attention for the energy storage materials. The recent technically significant energy storage devices include supercapacitors, batteries, fuel cell, etc. Supercapacitors have found as efficient and high performance energy storage devices. The use of...

This chapter essentially emphases the design, properties, and performance of the natural rubber based micro and nanocomposites. Nanocomposite has at least one dimension less than 100 nanometers, whereas microcomposites or aggregates composites have micro level dimensions. The demand of natural rubber based micro- and nanocomposites in various techn...

Polymeric nanofibers have emerged as exclusive one-dimensional nanomaterials. Various polymeric nanofibers and nanocomposite nanofibers have been processed using the thermoplastic, conducting, and thermoset matrices. This review aims to highlight the worth of electrospinning technology for the processing of polymer/nanocarbon nanocomposite nanofibe...

Among conducting polymers, polythiophene has gained an important stance due to its remarkable physical features. Graphene is a unique, two-dimensional, nanocarbon nanomaterial. As in other polymers, graphene has been reinforced in polythiophene to form advanced nanocomposites. This comprehensive review covers the design, essential features, and met...

Research on polymer nanocomposite nanofibers has seen remarkable growth over the past several years. One of the main driving forces for this progress is the increasing applicability of polymer nanocomposite nanofibers for technological applications. This review basically aims to present the current state of manufacturing polymer/graphene nanofiber...

Polyurethane is a multipurpose polymer with indispensable physical characteristics and technical uses, such as films/coatings, fibers, and foams. The inclusion of nanoparticles in the polyurethane matrix has further enhanced the properties and potential of this important polymer. Research in this field has led to the design and exploration of polyu...

Among nanocomposite materials, multifunctional polymer nanocomposites have prompted important innovations in the field of sensing technology. Polymer-based nanocomposites have been successfully utilized to design high-tech sensors. Thus, conductive, thermoplast, or elastomeric, as well as natural polymers have been applied. Carbon nanoparticles as...

This review mainly addresses applications of polymer/graphene nanocomposites in certain significant energy storage and conversion devices such as supercapacitors, Li-ion batteries, and fuel cells. Graphene has achieved an indispensable position among carbon nanomaterials owing to its inimitable structure and features. Graphene and its nanocomposite...

This state-of-the-art review is designed to provide a factual analysis of indoor air pollution in Pakistan. Primarily, the main sources of indoor air pollution and related air pollutants were analyzed. Key sources of indoor air pollution include household energy sources (biomass, wood, coal, tobacco, and low temperatures) producing particulate matt...

Nanoclays are layered mineral silicates, i.e., layered silicate nanosheets. Nanoclays such as montmorillonite, bentonite, kaolinite, etc., have been used as reinforcements in the nanofibers. Numerous polymers have been used to fabricate the nanofibers, including poly(vinylidene fluoride), poly(vinyl alcohol), polycaprolactone, nylon, polyurethane,...

Electromagnetic interference disturbs the working of electronic devices and affects the surroundings and human health. Consequently, research has led to the development of radiation-protection materials. Inherently conducting polymers have been found to be suitable for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding owing to their fine electrical cond...

Porphyrins is a unique heterocyclic molecule with four modified pyrrole rings interconnected at α carbon atoms via methine groups. The potential of porphyrin has been enhanced by developing the linked nanostructures with nanocarbons (carbon nanotube, graphene and fullerene) through physical/covalent electron donor-acceptor interactions. The porphyr...

Graphene is an important type of nanocarbon having two-dimensional sp2 hybridized nanostructure. Nitrogen doping has been applied as an effective method to modify the properties and potential applications of graphene. In N-doped graphene, nitrogen doping results in insertion of pyridinic N, pyrrolic N, and graphitic N in graphene nanostructure. Sim...

This state-of-the-art article summarizes the design, fabrication, properties, and potential of polymer/fullerene nanocomposite nanofibers. Polymers such as epoxy, polylactic acid, poly(N-vinylcarbazole), and poly(3-hexylthiophene) have been processed with fullerene nano-reinforcement to form nanofibers. The most prominent fabrication technique util...

Polyimide belongs to the class of high performance polymers containing imide functionalities in the backbone. Polyimide has wide ranging properties of optical transparency, heat stability, mechanical strength, dimensional stability, thermal conductivity, dielectric properties, etc. Fullerene is a zero dimensional hollow symmetrical nanocarbon, freq...

Nowadays, actively researching and developing degradable green materials are efficient means to move towards the future advanced technologies and industries. In this article, we review the state of the art in important aspects of degradable green polymers especially green nanopolymers from natural sources and derived nanomaterials. Consequently, th...

The design and necessity of corrosion-resisting nanocarbon nanocomposites have been investigated for cutting-edge aerospace applications. In this regard, nanocarbon nanofillers, especially carbon nanotubes, graphene, nanodiamond, etc. have been used to fill in various polymeric matrices (thermosets, thermoplastics, and conducting polymers) to devel...

Shape memory nanocomposites are excellent smart materials which can switch between a variable temporary shape and their original shape upon exposure to external stimuli such as heat, light, electricity, magnetic fields, moisture, chemicals, pH, etc. Numerous nanofillers have been introduced in shape memory polymers such as carbon nanotubes, graphen...

Self-healing polymers and nanocomposites form an important class of responsive materials. These materials have the capability to reversibly heal their damage. For aerospace applications, thermosets and thermoplastic polymers have been reinforced with nanocarbon nanoparticles for self-healing of structural damage. This review comprehends the use of...

Fuel cell efficiency can be improved by using progressive electrodes and electrolytes. Green nanomaterials and green technologies have been explored for the manufacturing of high-performance electrode and electrolyte materials for fuel cells. Platinum-based electrodes have been replaced with green materials and nanocomposites using green fabricatio...

Nanoporous graphene, a unique graphene nanostructure, has been frequently used to form nanocomposites. A very important application of polymer/nanoporous graphene nanocomposite has been observed in membrane sector. This state-of-the-art review highpoints design, features, and advanced functions of polymer/nanoporous graphene nanocomposite membranes...

This review emphasized structure and features of high performance covalently linked polymer/fullerene nanocomposite. The polymer grafting on fullerene molecules may usually occur through covalent bonding. The covalently linked nanocomposites improved fullerene dispersion and matrix-nanofiller interactions. Fullerene molecules have been grafted to c...

Graphene is an important nanocarbon nanofiller for polymeric matrices. The polymer–graphene nanocomposites, obtained through facile fabrication methods, possess significant electrical–thermal–mechanical and physical properties for technical purposes. To overcome challenges of polymer–graphene nanocomposite processing and high performance, advanced...

One important application of polymer/graphene nanocomposites is in membrane technology. In this context, promising polymer/graphene nanocomposites have been developed and applied in the production of high-performance membranes. This review basically highlights the designs, properties, and use of polymer/graphene nanocomposite membranes in the field...

Graphene is a unique nanocarbon nanostructure, which has been frequently used to form nanocomposites. Green-synthesized graphene has been focused due to environmentally friendly requirements in recent technological sectors. A very important application of green-synthesized graphene-based nanocomposite has been observed in energy storage devices. Th...

This cutting-edge review highlights the fundamentals, design, and manufacturing strategies used for sandwich composites. Sandwich composite structures have the advantages of light weight, high strength, impact resistance, stability, and other superior features for advanced applications. In this regard, different core materials have been used in the...

This article fundamentally reviews progress in the design and manufacturing of three-dimensional (3D) graphene-based nanocomposites for technical applications. The 3D graphene nanostructures have been manufactured using techniques like the template method, chemical vapor deposition, sol-gel, freeze-drying, hydrothermal technique, and other approach...

Due to increasing health and environmental issues, indoor air quality (IAQ) has garnered much research attention with regard to incorporating advanced clean air technologies. Various physicochemical air treatments have been used to monitor, control, and manage air contaminants, such as monitoring devices (gas sensors and internet of things-based sy...

Graphene is one of the most significant carbon nanomaterials, with a one-atom-thick two-dimensional nanostructure. Like other nanocarbons, graphene has been used as a polymer reinforcement. This review explores the impact of graphene and graphene-based nanocomposites on aerospace applications. The fabrication and indispensable features of graphene-...

Indoor air pollution is a great source of health risks for indoor population. Various indoor pollution removal strategies have been developed and employed to enhance indoor air quality. Polymeric nanocomposites have emerged as efficient adsorbent materials for the removal of indoor air pollutants. Conversely, the efficiency of traditional materials...