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Factors adversely affecting quality in highway projects of Pakistan
Abstract and Figures
Quality is one of an important parameter for measuring successful and sustainable construction projects. For a successful construction projects, it is essential that the projects are delivered according to the quality standards and in line with the customer desire. However, construction projects in both developed and developing countries are characterized by poor quality and highway projects in Pakistan has no exception. This paper aims to determine factors adversely affecting quality in highway projects of Pakistan. Research method for this study is a combination of both literature review and questionnaire survey. Literature review enabled identification of 24 common factors adversely affecting quality in construction industry. A questionnaire based on literature review was distributed amongst construction professionals of highway projects in Pakistan. Data collected from 215 respondents was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). It was discovered that incompetent main contractors, improper planning, and improper selection of materials are the main factors adversely affecting quality in highway projects of Pakistan. The findings of this study can assist construction professionals to develop strategies to improve the quality of construction projects in general and highway projects particularly.
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... According to [1], there are specific factors, referred to as "critical success factors" that are more crucial than others in construction projects. [2], referenced in [3] defined critical success factors (CSFs) as "the few primary areas of activity in which favourable results are obviously obligatory for a particular management to attain his or her goals". According to [3], CSFs directly affect cost, time, quality, and safety, which are the primary metrics used to determine a project's success. ...
... [2], referenced in [3] defined critical success factors (CSFs) as "the few primary areas of activity in which favourable results are obviously obligatory for a particular management to attain his or her goals". According to [3], CSFs directly affect cost, time, quality, and safety, which are the primary metrics used to determine a project's success. ...
... If the Cronbach's alpha value equals or exceeds 70%, the measure is considered credible (Thanasegaran, 2009). This study also evaluated the reliability based on criteria that Alphan value must be equal of greater than 0.7 as adopted by Soomro et al., 2020;Sohu et al., 2018). In this study, the Cronbah Alphas values were computed with the help of the SPSS software package, and the results are shown in Table 3. Table 3 depicts that the Alpha value of the data for both groups of the factors is higher than 70%. ...
Energy is one of the most fundamental elements to drive economic development. Therefore, it is a significant element of the economic development of UAE. United Arab Emirates (UAE) is keen to exploit the benefits of AI to deliver clean, secure, affordable energy. Thus this paper studied the benefits and user expectations if AI is adopted in the energy sector. This was achieved through a questionnaire amongst the personnel working in the energy sector. From the analysis of 350 completed questionnaire form, this was found that “AI able to increase employees’ job performance”; “AI able to improve the customer retention” and “AI bring positive impact to the organization” are three significant benefits of AI implementation in energy sector. Similarly, “Using AI Technology fits well with the way I work”, “Interacting with AI Technology is often frustrating” and “Assistance is available if facing difficulty using AI Technology” are three major expectations of the users. Further, the difference of the opinions amongst the respondent groups with different level of working experience and working positions was presented based on comparing means. The findings of this study will encourage the practitioners to implement AI in energy sector. This will also enhance the performance of the energy sector.
... T he construction industry is a country's backbone as it contributes significantly to the country's socio-economic development [1]. Concrete is the most used construction material in the construction industry and is considered to be the second most consumed substance. ...
Pakistan is a country that has an abundance of quarry deposits. The marble and ceramics industry, such as the construction industry, plays a pivotal role in the development of a country by contributing to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). However, the marble and ceramics industry also adversely contribute to the growing solid waste management issues in the country, as Marble powder (MP), which comes from the marble industry, causes not only constant environmental and waste management problems, but also health issues for the people associated with the marble industry and surrounding residents. A lot of research has been done to reuse this MP waste productively. Since it contains significant amount of Silica content, it could potentially be used to partially substitute cement content in the development of eco-friendly sustainable concrete. The substitution of cement has become necessary due to the carbon footprint associated with the production of cement. This research is aimed at producing M30 grade concrete in which cement content is partially replaced with 5% and 10% MP and investigate its influence on the workability, compressive and flexural strength over time. It was found that MP could potentially be used to substitute cement content partially, thus contributing to sustainability in the construction industry, resolving the disposal of MP problems, and reducing cement dependency.
... al. [22], the value of Cronbach's alpha should be more than 0.7. In this research, the value of Cronbach's alpha is greater than 0.7, which indicates that the collected data of the survey is [23], the factors or causes having score more than 3.6 can be considered as critical factor. Factors that have mean value greater than 3.6 were selected as major cost overrun factors. ...
Construction projects facing cost overrun is a common problem in developing countries, including Pakistan. This research paper identifies the major cost overrun factors faced by construction projects in Pakistan and also provides recommendations to reduce the cost overrun. To main objectives of this research is to identify the critical cost overrun factors and its controlling measures. To attain objectives, the first in-depth literature review was conducted, which helped to identify 33 common cost overrun factors. Secondly, a structured questionnaire was established among stakeholders of the construction sector to share feedback about the critical cost overrun factors. Results showed that stakeholders of construction projects (consultant, contractor, and client) have a different perception of cost overrun. After identification of major cost overrun factors, interviews were carried among mostly experienced stakeholders for mitigation and control measures. This research delivers a better understanding of major cost overrun factors. Also, it provides recommendations to stakeholders of construction projects as well as other professionals of Pakistan to control cost overrun.
... The first phase in this model is to collect the various factors that are required to represent the sustainability criteria of the various infrastructure projects. Such considerations were gathered by a thorough analysis of the available literature in this research field (Ariaratnam et al., 2013;Amiril et al., 2014;Wirahadikusumah & Ario, 2015;Siew et al., 2016;Carvalho & Rabechini, 2017;Martens & Carvalho, 2017;Silvius, 2017;Tupenaite et al., 2017;Sohu et al., 2018;Zhang & Mohsen, 2018;Alnoaimi & Rahman, 2019;Elmasoudi et al., 2019;Hosseini et al., 2017;and Thacker et al., 2019). One hundred infrastructure sustainability factors were gathered and classified into three broad categories: economic, environmental, and social. ...
While infrastructure investments can have a significant impact on economic growth, they can also have a negative impact on the environmental and social aspects. As a result, there has lately been a strong trend toward assessing infrastructure projects based on their expected sustainability performance. The primary contribution of this paper is the development of a model for assessing the sustainability of infrastructure projects. 100 infrastructure sustainability factors were collected from previous research to cover the various phases of any infrastructure project. These factors were divided into the three main pillars of sustainability: economic, environmental, and social, with percentages of 50%, 30%, and 20%, respectively. A questionnaire of 100 infrastructure development experts from various sectors was conducted to rate the sustainability factors within each of the three main pillars according to their relative importance. The most important 27 factors were chosen. Another questionnaire was conducted for the 27 factors, using the AHP technique to identify the priority vectors in each of the three main pillars, as well as the selected factors within each of them. A recommended scale was created to be used as a yardstick to measure the proposed model’s input factors. For the three main pillars, three sustainability assessment models were developed. As a result, an overall sustainability assessment model was developed. With this model, the proposed infrastructure projects can be evaluated and ranked according to their expected sustainability outcomes. Consequently, decision-makers can successfully plan for the sustainable development of the infrastructure projects within certain specified boundaries and restrictions.
... Projects must be implemented in accordance with quality requirements and consumer expectations for efficient building projects. Building projects are however characterized by poor quality in both developed and developing countries [1]. Literature review reals that different researches have been conducted to examine factors affecting the quality of construction projects. ...
The objective of this research is to classify and diagnose the causes of poor quality management in Iraqi construction projects. This study diagnosed fifty-three causes of poor quality management in Iraqi construction Projects. which they divided into eight main groups (Equipment causes, Labors causes, Systems causes, Materials causes, Design and Execution causes, Subcontractors causes, Site staff causes, Contract causes). Then calculated the relative importance of the causes of poor quality management in Iraqi construction projects. Three techniques were used in this study: Ishikawa diagrams, Pareto diagrams, and 5-why techniques. Pareto analysis showed that thirty-six causes out of fifty-three causes represent the most important causes of poor Quality Management, these causes had been filtered by 5-Why analysis. The most important causes were failure to comply with laws and standards and poor compliance to specification, as identified in contract conditions within design and execution causes group, followed by low skill and experience of Contractor’s staff within Site staff causes group and failure to implement a quality control and assurance system within systems causes group.
... A study by [10] concluded that a construction project is successful when it results in a high quality product. However, a large portion of construction works have quality issues. ...
The Construction Industry's prime design is to establish projects within stipulated time, quality at a very low feasible cost. QMS in the Construction Industry is proposed to support the industry to get-better productivity and potency of the organization. In the current globalization, where economic competency is increasing, the appliance of QMS will better improve the entire construction operation and will definitely pave a way to the formulization highly thriving business skills in order to touch international requirements. The analysis is executed to probe the scenario of how well Quality Management System is operational in Sindh's construction industry, point-out factors distressing the endorsement of ISO in construction industry of Sindh and to issue some proposals on how to improve the implementation of ISO 9001 a QMS in Construction Industry. The data will be gathered via questionnaires distributed to the construction professionals at every level of management. Statistical analysis software SPSS V22 will be used to analyze the data. Factors hindering the endorsement of ISO Construction Industry of Sindh will be distinguished and suggestions will be proposed on approach to lessen the hurdles.
Purpose
Quality is a sensitive and high-priority issue in the global construction including in Bangladesh. This research is intended to provide necessary information to stakeholders and authorities for better management of the construction quality in Bangladesh. Therefore, this study seeks to find and prioritize the factors affecting the construction quality in Bangladesh.
Design/methodology/approach
In total 65 factors were extracted and categorized from the literature and expert panel discussion. Subsequently, these factors were designed in a questionnaire under 13 major groups for a survey where 176 construction professionals participated and returned their completed survey form. Collected data were tested by the Cronbach Alpha to check the reliability before proceeding to the Relative Importance Index (RII) analysis for determining the relative ranks of identified factors.
Findings
Statistical analysis of survey data represents that the most significant factors are: lack of management commitment, lack of technical skill and experience of the consultant, delays in progress investigation, political interference and contractor's desire for unrealistic profit. The most crucial major groups of factors influencing the construction quality are management, material, consultant, cost and time and contract-related major groups.
Originality/value
It will contribute to the body of knowledge, as it points out the impact of factors affecting quality in Bangladeshi construction. Authorities and stakeholders can be helped by the overview of the high and low ranks factors, understanding the diverse characteristics of factors and making more aware the industry about the quality issues which need to be a top concern to solve. Other developing countries that share the same socio-economic context as Bangladesh can be benefit from the results of this study to control quality issues in construction.
This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the quality of the implementation of improving the Tedubara-Pising street in Bombana Regency. This study uses quantitative data analysis techniques with a sample size of 30 respondents. The results showed that the factors affecting the quality of the Tedubara Pising road improvement in Bombana Regency were financial indicators (X3) 21.97%, followed by Human Resources indicators (X1) 20.14%, location indicators (X5) 19.68 %, material indicator (X2) 19.22%, and the lowest is equipment indicator (X4) 18.99%. Factors related to the quality of road improvement, namely the human resources variable with a value of 0.855 and material with a value of 0.853. This shows a very strong relationship
Infrastructure projects may be viewed as a country's economic development locomotive. On the other hand, such initiatives may have a detrimental impact on environmental and social concerns. As a result, these projects should be evaluated based on their predicted sustainability performance and then develop this performance. This paper aims to develop an integrated sustainability optimization tool for infrastructure projects in Egypt. Using this tool, decision-makers can analyze, rank, and prioritize projects based on their predicted sustainability performance and then pick the portfolio of projects that produces the highest overall sustainability score. Sustainability factors were discovered from the existing literature. Based on a questionnaire, the most important factors were selected to address the three main pillars of sustainability: economic, environmental, and social. As the first step in this tool, an infrastructure project sustainability performance prediction model was created. The Analytic Hierarchy Process was utilized as a model development tool, each of the planned infrastructure projects may be granted a sustainability score. The assigned score reflects these projects' predicted sustainability performance. As a result, such projects may be prioritized based on their sustainability performance. As the second step in this tool, an optimization model was developed under specific criteria, these criteria include maintaining a limited budget cap and earning the required minimum score for each of the three sustainability pillars. As an optimization model, the Genetic Algorithm Technique was applied. To make the provided tool's operation more user-friendly, computer software was created. A real-life case study application was considered.
Cost overrun is an increase of cost of project from approved budget which was signed by parties at the time of tender. Cost overrun in construction of highway projects is a common problem worldwide and construction industry of Pakistan is also facing this crucial problem of cost overrun in highway projects of Pakistan. The main objective of this research is to identify the causative factors of cost overrun in highway projects of Sindh province of Pakistan. A well designed questionnaire was developed based on 64 common factors of cost overrun from literature review. Developed questionnaire was distributed among selected 30 experts from owner/client, designer/consultant and contractor who have experience more than 20 years' experience in highway projects. The collected data was statistical analyzed. After analysis results showed that delay process in payment by client, inadequate planning, client interference, poor contract management, delay of decision making, change of scope of project and financial problems faced by client were most causative factors of cost overrun in highway projects. This research will provide alertness to stakeholders of highway projects of Sindh province to avoid cost overrun in projects.
Quality of projects is one of the traditional and global measure of project performance. For construction projects, the goal and desire of clients, contractors and consultants is to ensure that projects are delivered according to acceptable and agreed standards. In this study, various factors affecting performance quality of construction projects were examined with a view to suggesting improvement measures. Using various variables from relevant literature as the basis, data were obtained through the use of questionnaire administered on contractors, architects, engineers, quantity surveyors as well as project and construction managers. It was discovered that major factors affecting performance quality of construction projects in the study area are related to the use of unskilled and incompetent trade contractors. More so, there is poor on-site supervision and lack of commitment by supervising team shouldered with the responsibilities of ensuring compliance to approved standard. Other issues are related to poor planning and scheduling as well as inadequate knowledge, training and skills of construction workmen. To minimize the impact of these factors and improve performance quality of construction projects, proper and modern construction equipments, techniques and methods should be adopted by construction firms, there should be proper site management and supervision to ensure conformance with drawings and specification and adequate project duration should be allocated and stated in the contract documents.
While project management success focuses upon the processes and the successful accomplishments of cost and time objectives, product success deals with the quality of the final product. Recently, quality of the constructed highway has been considered highly important reason for the pavement response and its design life. The main objective of this paper is to improve the management of highway projects in Egypt by determining the most important factors influencing the quality performance of this industry. In total, 39 factors that may influence the quality of highway projects have been defined through a detailed literature review. The factors are tabulated in a questionnaire form, which is sent out to 13 owners of divided highways, 27 owners of regional roads, and 15 consultants. The analysis of the respondents’ perspectives using fuzzy triangle approach shows that the most important factors affecting the quality are availability of experienced staff in the owner’s and contractor’s teams during the project execution; efficiency of the owner’s inspection team; clarity of responsibilities and roles for each owner, consultant, and contractor; pavement which is not designed according to the regional conditions (e.g., soil type, temperature, and traffic volume); and asphalt quality and type used in the construction process.
Construction industry in Malaysia has been increasingly recognising the need for a relationship-based procurement in substitution to the traditional method. Despite the vast number of literatures available on this subject matter, there is a lack of effort to contextualise the findings into local context. Therefore, exploring the factors essential to the success of the local construction project is one of the prerequisites to integrate relationship-based procurement into local setting. The primary objective of this paper is to identify the principal factors that are critical to the success of the construction project, and determine their relative importance as perceived by different respondents. Following a thorough literature search, a total of thirty-seven factors was consolidated and grouped into seven major categories. These factors were assembled into a questionnaire survey that was distributed among clients, consultants and contractors. Since the data collection for main survey is still ongoing, the result and analysis reported were based on the pilot survey carried out. An analysis of the responses from the pilot survey identified fifteen factors to be accepted as critical to the success of construction projects. The results suggest a strong consistency in perception between clients, consultants and contractors in recognising the significance of human-related factors such as competence, commitment, communication and cooperation towards the success of the construction project. These factors being the core element in relationship-based procurement reinforce the need and viability of such procurement method to the Malaysian construction industry. The results of this survey thus provide a strong foundation for further route of the current research on the development of an effective relationship-based procurement model in Malaysia.
The overall aim of this study is to improve construction quality in Nigeria through the identification of pertinent factors affecting the process. Relevant factors were identified from the literature and studied by means of questionnaire survey sent to construction industry professionals that include architects, engineers, quantity surveyors and builders. The importance of each factor was computed for all the professionals via the severity and frequency responses of the factors. Data analysis includes ranking comparison among the professionals using severity, frequency and importance indexes. Percentage rank agreement factor (PRAF) was used to measure agreement of the importance ranking among construction professionals and one sample t-test was conducted to determine the significance of each factor. Finally, correlation analysis was used to measure the degree of correlation among all professionals.
Quality is one of the important aspects of all projects. The level of success of construction projects greatly depends on the quality performance. The Pakistan construction sector is facing quality related issues, which lead to ineffective and inefficient projects in terms of cost of overrun, delays and excessive rework. This research is carried out to scrutinize the factors, that have triumphed and adverse effect on the construction projects. A questionnaire was developed based on identified factors to take opinion of construction experts. After their feedback a statistical analysis tool such as chisquare and weighted mean method (WMM) were used to rank the significance level of these factors.
Construction projects play a significant part in the development of any country and quality is one of the important factors in the success of the construction industry. There is a lack of understanding of quality is the problem in the construction industry in Iraq, but the main problem is the absence of good quality supervision of the construction industry. Based on the literature review yielded managers, designers, and contractors with necessary information needed to better manage the quality of a construction project by identifying the factors that affect process quality of construction projects and to rank them by degree of importance and develop a model to represent the factors affecting the overall quality of Construction projects. This study was based on questionnaire surveys, which was designed based on literature review. After, validation a total 109 questionnaires were collected among project manager, quality engineer, and general manager in Baghdad, the capital city of Iraq. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis applying SPSS software Ver. 21.The results of data analysis indicated that the level of importance all factors were more than a moderate level and the highest level which was almost high belonged to the material. The other factors, including Quality systems, Owner, Design, Equipment, Labors and contractor almost ranged between 3.69-3.75.Besed on multiple regression analysis among all factors only “contractor” did not show any significant effect on quality in construction projects. The highest effect belonged to, quality systems with (β = 0.289, P value < 0.001) and then owner and materials followed by design, equipment, site staff and the lowest impact was observed for labor factor (β = 0.137, P value = 0.047).
Results obtained during quality cost analysis for building construction projects are presented. The quality cost structure and characteristics of individual components are described. The proportion of quality costs in the total contract price of projects is defined. Correlations among individual quality -ost components are analysed, and quality costs are compared with other contract parameters - price 2nd completion time. The quality cost management model for construction projects is formulated.