Arpan Kumar Maiti

University of North Bengal (India) University of Gothenburg (Sweden)Tulane University (USA) · Mitochondrial Biology & Experimental Therapeutics Lab - Dept. of Zoology

Abstract Aims: To elucidate the impact of 10-(6-plastoquinonyl) decyltriphenylphosphonium (SkQ1) as an anti-colitogenic agent for maintenance of colon epithelial tract in ulcerated mice through recovery of mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial stress by virtue of its free radical scavenging properties. Main Methods: DSS induced ulcerated BAL...

Apart from anthropogenic pollution, nitrate contamination is prevalent in practically all developing countries as a result of increased natural activities. The accumulation of nitrates in water bodies causes cumulative effects on living species, environmental receptors, and human vitality by accumulation along the food chain. Nitrates have recently...

The enoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) reductase (InhA) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis elongates acyl fatty acids, which are progenitors of mycolic acids and that are mycobacterial cell wall parts. The aim is to discover potent therapeutic novel bioactive compounds as enoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) reductase (InhA, PDB ID: 4U0J) antagonists using an...

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is known to induce inflammation and immunonomodulation in a piscine model of Danio rerio. Present study aimed to explore the ability of melatonin in attenuating LPS-induced oxidative damages using this model. In LPS-exposed fish, activation of stress marker MDA was observed in brain with corresponding augmentation of multipl...

As conventional therapeutics can only treat the symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD), major focus of research in recent times is to slow down or prevent the progression of neuronal degeneration in PD. Non-targeted antioxidants have been an integral part of the conventional therapeutics regimen; however, their importance have lessened over time beca...

Breast cancer is becoming the leading risk factor for death, affecting millions of women. This cancer develops several desirable properties that impair the maintenance of a regular mammary gland in females. The overexpansion of ER-alpha protein can be driven by stimulating estrogen hormone gene expression in living organisms, which may lead to the...

As controversy exists about the efficacy of substance P (SP) in treating ulcerative colitis (UC) with no previous study highlighting the impact of SP on mitochondrial dysfunction in this diseased condition, it became logical to perform the present study. C57BL/6 J mice were administered with DSS @ 3.5%/gm body weight for 3 cycles of 5 days each fol...

Aim To evaluate the efficacy of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide in treating ulcerative colitis targeting colonic mitochondrial dysfunction by virtue of its free radical scavenging properties for maintenance of colon mucosal tract. Methods This study primarily involved an in vivo murine model wherein DSS was administered to induce colitis in C57BL/6J...

Pesticide exposure has seen a surge in inducing mitochondrial diseases in recent times. With advances in molecular diagnostics, mitochondrial diseases are now being increasingly diagnosed and identified. This chapter highlights evidences depicting the detrimental impact of pesticide exposure on mitochondrial integrity and function leading to variou...

Treatment of UC involves induction and maintenance of remission. Current available therapies mainly include anti-inflammatory aminosalicylates and corticosteroids, immunosuppressive agents, antibiotics and biologic agents. However, each of these therapeutic classes are besieged with their own limitations ushering the need for safer and better alter...

Though aquatic oligochaetesare used as indicator organisms to monitor aquatic pollution but the toxic effects of lead on Branchiurasowerbyiare scanty. To address this lacunae, sensitivity and behavioural responses to acute toxicity of lead was studied in this particular species. Significant relationship between mortality rate of B. sowerbyiand expo...

Though aquatic oligochaetes have often been used as indicator organisms to monitor aquatic pollution, however, the toxic impact of mercury on sensitivity and behavioural response of Branchiura sowerbyi remained uninvestigated. In lieu of this lacuna, the present study has been carried out. Significant mortality rate of B. sowerbyi at exposure times...

Though aquatic oligochaetes have often been used as indicator organisms to monitor aquatic pollution, however, the toxic impact of mercury on sensitivity and behavioural response of Branchiura sowerbyi remained uninvestigated. In lieu of this lacuna, the present study has been carried out. Significant mortality rate of B. sowerbyi at exposure times...

Though aquatic oligochaetesare used as indicator organisms to monitor aquatic pollution but the toxic effects of lead on Branchiurasowerbyiare scanty. To address this lacunae, sensitivity and behavioural responses to acute toxicity of lead was studied in this particular species. Significant relationship between mortality rate of B. sowerbyiand expo...

Nickel is a potential neurotoxic pollutant inflicting damage in living organisms, including fish, mainly through oxidative stress. Previous studies have demonstrated the impact of nickel toxicity on mitochondrial function, but there remain lacunae on the damage inflicted at mitochondrial respiratory level. Deficient mitochondrial function usually a...

Citrobacter rodentium infection is a model for infection with attaching and effacing pathogens, such as enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. The vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) has emerged as an anti-inflammatory agent, documented to inhibit Th1 immune responses and successfully treat animal models of inflammation. VIP is also a mucus secretagogu...

Although reactive oxygen species mediated oxidative stress is a well-documented mechanism of aging, recent evidences indicate involvement of nitrosative stress in the same. As mitochondrial dysfunction is considered as one of the primary features of aging, the present study was designed to understand the involvement of nitrosative stress by studyin...

Although reactive oxygen species mediated oxidative stress is a well-documented mechanism of aging, recent evidences indicate involvement of nitrosative stress in the same. As mitochondrial dysfunction is considered as one of the primary features of aging, the present study was designed to understand the involvement of nitrosative stress by studyin...

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are presently considered a leading cause of death worldwide, ranked first, both in the developing as well as in the developed nations. An estimated number of deaths due to CVDs are found to be more than 17.5 million that accounts for nearly one-third of all deaths annually. The current medications used for the treatme...

Triton X 100 (Tx 100), a nonionic surfactant, is frequently used in different types of cleaning compounds varying from soft detergents to heavy duty industrial products. In the present study the 96h LC 50 value of Tx 100 to oligochaete worm Tubifex tubifex (Muller) was recorded (3.09 mg/l). The mortality rate of Tubifex tubifex varied significantly...

Molluscs have long been regarded as promising bioindicator and biomonitoring subjects for heavy metals as molluscs are highly tolerant to heavy metals and exhibit high accumulation in their body. In spite of several previous studies about the impact of cadmium on molluscs, little information exists in literatures concerning the toxic effects of cad...

Current pharmacological strategies for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common age related neurological disorder worldwide, are often plagued with undesirable side effects after prolonged treatment. Despite this, pharmacological strategies remain the mainstay for treatment of AD as better and safer alternatives doesn’t exist. In the recent past,...

Lead (Pb) is one of the most pollutant metals that accumulate in the brain mitochondria disrupting mitochondrial structure and function. Though oxidative stress mediated by reactive oxygen species remains the most accepted mechanism of Pb neurotoxicity, some reports suggest the involvement of nitric oxide ((•)NO) and reactive nitrogen species in Pb...

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a slowly progressive neurodisorder that affects movement, muscle control, and balance. At present, there is no cure for PD. Conventional medications such as L-Dopa have been the pharmacologic standard for the treatment of PD. Like L-Dopa, other therapeutic strategies for PD remain largely symptom-relieving that includes...

In the normal condition, endogenous formation of peroxynitrite (ONOO-) from the interaction of nitric oxide and superoxide has been suggested to play a renoprotective role. However, the exact mechanism associated with renoprotection by this radical compound is not yet clearly defined. AlthoughONOO- usually inhibits renal tubular Na(+)K(+)ATPase (NK...

Citrobacter rodentium is a murine pathogen that serves as a model for enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. C. rodentium infection reduced the quantity and activity of mitochondrial respiratory complexes I and IV, as well as phosphorylation capacity, mitochondrial transmembrane potential and ATP generation at day 10, 14 and 19 post infection. Cytokine...

An enhancement in superoxide (O2–) activity due to nitric oxide (NO) deficiency facilitates renal tubular sodium reabsorption leading to the condition of salt-sensitivity. To examine the interaction between NO and O2– activity in the renal epithelial cells, cultured HK2 (proximal tubular) and M1 (distal tubular) cells were incubated with L-NAME (1...

Angiotensin II (AngII) induces both superoxide (O 2 ⁻ ) and nitric oxide (NO) generation forming peroxynitrite (ONOO ⁻ ) in biological systems. To determine the role of ONOO ⁻ in AngII induced sodium excretory responses, we examined Na ⁺ K ⁺ ATPase (NKA) activity in cultured HK2 cells (human kidney proximal tubule cell line) incubated for 30 min wi...

Endogenous production of peroxynitrite (ONOO°–) in normal condition has been suggested to play a renoprotective role. However, the exact mechanism associated with this protection is not yet clearly defined. ONOO°– at higher concentrations (μM to mM; in pathology) can inhibit cellular Na+K+ATPase (NKA) activity. However, the effect of ONOO°– on NKA...

The present invivo study was designed to elucidate the toxic effect of lead on oxidative stress, Na(+)K(+)ATPase and mitochondrial electron transport chain activity of the brain of Clarias batrachus. The fish were exposed to 10 and 20% of the derived 96 h LC(50) value, 37.8 and 75.6 mg L(-1), respectively, and sampled on 20, 40 and 60 days. Exposur...

The present study elucidated the role of lipid peroxidation and diminished mitochondrial electron transport chain activity in partial dysfunction of brain Na+K+ATPase of Clarias batrachus exposed to chromium III ions. The fish were exposed to 10% and 20% of the derived 96 h LC50 value, 5.69 mg/L and 11.38 mg/L, respectively, and sampled on 20, 40 a...

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of training programme on poultry farming with Nicobari fowl and to study the different traits under backyard system with supplemental feeding. It is an endangered and endemic poultry germplasm of Andaman and Nicobar Island and highest egg producer among all the indigenous breeds of India. Some...

This study has shown that in aged rat brain (22–24 months) crude synaptosomes in comparison to that in young animals (4–6 months), a striking decrease in the activity of Na+,K+-ATPase occurs along with decreased K m and V max but without any change in enzyme content as seen by immunoblotting. This is associated with an accumulation of peroxidative...

The involvement of various growth factors, growth factor receptors and proliferative markers in the molecular pathogenesis of astrocytic neoplasms are being studied extensively. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) gene overexpression occurs in nearly 50% of cases of glioblastoma. Since EGFR and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) are invo...

Dopamine oxidation products such as H2O2 and reactive quinones have been held responsible for various toxic actions of dopamine, which have implications in the aetiopathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. This study has shown that N-acetylcysteine (0.25-1 mm) is a potent scavenger of both H2O2 and toxic quinones derived from dopamine and it further pr...

This study reveals that, in contrast to dopamine (DA), 3,4 dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) during in vitro incubation up to 2 h causes only marginal inhibition of rat brain mitochondrial respiratory chain activity, a minimal loss of protein free thiols and very little quinoprotein adduct formation. The damaging effects of DA on brain mitochondri...

Twelve isolates of Echinococcus granulosus, collected from domestic animals, including cattle, buffalo and sheep were analysed for DNA nucleotide sequence variation within mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (coxI), NADH dehydrogenase subunit I (nadI) and internal transcribed spacer gene I (ITS1). After analysis of sequence information this was fo...

Several studies on mitochondrial functions following brief exposure (5-15 min) to dopamine (DA) in vitro have produced extremely variable results. In contrast, this study demonstrates that a prolonged exposure (up to 2 h) of disrupted or lysed mitochondria to DA (0.1-0.4 mM) causes a remarkable and dose-dependent inhibition of complex I and complex...