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Performance Evaluation of Transparent and Non-transparent Flexible Antennas
... Many conductive film materials have been used as the conductive layer in transparent antenna with varied substrates to design and fabricate the transparent antenna prototype, such as glass substrate with FTO [38] for outdoor applications such as transparent antenna over solar cells , and using a Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) substrate with AgHT-8 thin film for (RFID) tags [22] and UWB home entertainment network [17] , commercial and medical applications [40] , and using a sapphire substrate with gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO) thin film for smart city concept [7] , and using a quartz substrate with graphene layers for practical applications [45] , or using Perspex acrylic dielectric substrate with (AgHT-8) thin film for wireless applications [23] , or using a glass substrates with ITO films for millimeter wave bands [30] , or using a plexiglass substrate with AgHT-8 short range multiband versatile wireless applications [28]. And can be as Transparent and Flexible Antennas using glass or polymer as substrate with AZO for window-integrated wireless sensor node [39] , or using a polyimide as substrate with IZTO/Ag/IZTO (IAI) for wearable glasses [46] and using polyamide substrate for computer laptop [3] , or using a Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) substrate with transparent silver nanowire (AgNWs) for automobile window, liquid crystal display, organic-lightemitting-diode display [43] and wireless communications for wearable systems [48] , and using a Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) substrate with AgHT-4 for WLAN and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) deployments [25] , and using a cellulose acetate substrate with ITO film for WLAN and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) deployments [31] ,and using a Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) substrate with AgHT-8 thin film for 5G applications [27]. [43]. ...
... Traditional methods of manufacturing antennas will not be able to provide the increasing request for novel applications as it requires both flexible and transparent antennas. The flexibility addition to these mentioned antennas ensures that it can be applied on the surface, which will not have planar geometry [43].The flexibility to such antennas makes sure that it can be used on the surfaces are not having planar geometry [25]. ...
Recent years have illustrated the significantly pervasive interest in transparent antennas. The number and the popularity of transparent antenna applications have escalated dramatically. Although antenna applications are diverse and available across multiple platforms, some of these antennas are unsuitable for practical usage, particularly in cases associated with renewable energy. As such, this study presents the review of related articles pertaining to transparent antennas across a range of platforms to identify their best practices. The methods applied in prior research work within this domain were identified. Relevant articles published between 2015 and September 2020were gathered from four major databases: Science Direct, Web of Science (WOS), IEEE Xplore, and Scopus. The identified indicators were considered as broad and reliable to cover this field of literature. The articles (n=81) were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. This paper concentrates on the present views and opportunities to further understand the research segment of transparent antenna.
Antennas for wearable devices must be conformal, compact, and made of light materials. Because of their lightweight, low cost, and versatility, these are becoming increasingly popular. The materials used for antenna construction are very low-loss and highly conductive. They require a high degree of electrical conductivity to transmit and receive electromagnetic radiation. The detuning effect will affect the antenna’s performance when working near the human body. The performance improves by using appropriate fabrication techniques and conductive materials. This article discusses different substrate manufacturing processes, conductive materials, and antenna performance during the bend.KeywordsWearable antennaTextile antennaFabrication techniquesBending scenarios
Image encryption using a chaotic system is a widely used technique. But, cryptanalysis of most chaotic encryption algorithms pointed out the disadvantages or drawbacks of the chaotic systems. As a remedy, a new and more efficient chaotic system with higher dimension is used recently and named as a hyper-chaotic system. The conditions of an efficient encryption algorithm can be fulfilled effectively by a hyper-chaotic system. Recently, several hyper-chaotic systems are proposed by different researchers, and some of them are used in image encryption techniques. But, some recent cryptanalysis on hyper-chaotic image encryption shows the drawback of these system. This work will discuss different hyper-chaotic systems on the basis of their efficiency to use in image encryption. This discussion will also include the parameters based on which one can choose an efficient hyper-chaotic system.KeywordsChaotic systemsHyper-chaotic systemsLyapunov exponentCryptanalysis
In this review article, an investigation of optically transparent antenna (OTA) has been carried out. The literature proceeds with a series of steps required for designing OTA, which includes patch material selection, substrate selection, material synthesis, deposition methods, and material characterization. This is followed by discussions of different types of transparent antenna, such as transparent conductive oxides (TCOs), multi-layered film, multi-band, meshed, conductive water, conductive fabric, and nano-composites. Furthermore, this paper addresses the challenges and limitations involved in the design of OTA. Finally, emerging materials and applications related to OTA are discussed.
Transferring a huge amount of data between different network locations over the network links depends on the heterogeneous wireless network. Such a network consists of several networks with different access technologies. Traditionally, a mobile device may be moved to achieve the operations of vertical handover, considering only one criterion, that is, the received signal strength (RSS). The use of a single criterion may cause service interruption, an unbalanced network load, and an inefficient vertical handover. In this paper, we propose enhanced vertical handover decision algorithm based on multiple criteria in the heterogeneous wireless network. The algorithm consists of three technology interfaces: Long-Term Evolution (LTE), Worldwide interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), and Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). It also employs three types of the vertical handover decision algorithms: equal priority, mobile priority, and network priority. The simulation results illustrate that the proposed handover decision algorithm outperforms the traditional network decision algorithm in terms of handover number probability and the handover failure probability. In addition, it is noticed that the network priority handover decision algorithm produces better results compared to equal priority and mobile priority handover decision algorithm. Finally, the simulation results are validated by the analytical model.
The actions taken at the initial times of a disaster are critical. Catastrophe occurs because of terrorist acts or natural hazards which have the potential to disrupt the infrastructure of wireless communication networks. Therefore, essential emergency functions such as search, rescue, and recovery operations during a catastrophic event will be disabled. We propose tethered balloon technology to provide efficient emergency communication services and reduce casualty mortality and morbidity for disaster recovery. The tethered balloon is an actively developed research area and a simple solution to support the performance, facilities, and services of emergency medical communication. The most critical requirement for rescue and relief teams is having a higher quality of communication services which enables them to save people’s lives. Using our proposed technology, it has been reported that the performance of rescue and relief teams significantly improved. OPNET Modeler 14.5 is used for a network simulated with the help of ad hoc tools ( Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness . 2018;page 1 of 8).
The present article illustrates the modeling and optimization of a dual-slot waveguide for the application of a refractive index biosensor. The nanometer scale waveguide structure uses the silicon -on-insulator platform for the consideration of higher sensitivity and compactness of a resonator biosensor. The modal analysis is performed using the finite difference method based on full vector eigenmode calculation. The maximum field penetration in the lower index region is found for the quasi-TE mode. The sensitivity is maximized through the optimization of the waveguide dimension by relating effective refractive index with the dispersion of a waveguide. The biosensor showed the maximum calculated sensitivity of 461.327 nm/RIU and a limit-of-detection of 2.601 × 10–6 RIU (where RIU denotes refractive index unit). © 2018 Wroclaw University of Science and Technology. All rights reserved.
