Utilization of Small Wind Turbines as Source Alternative Electrical Energy for Lighting in the Banyak Island Tourism Area, Aceh Singkil, Indonesia

Full text

979-8-3503-2071-8/22/$31.00 ©2022 IEEE
Utilization of Small Wind Turbines as Source
Alternative Electrical Energy for Lighting in the
Banyak Island Tourism Area, Aceh Singkil,
Indonesia
Arnawan Hasibuan
Department of Electrical Engineering
Universitas Malikussaleh
Lhokseumawe, Indonesia
arnawan@unimal.ac.id
Muhammad Daud
Department of Electrical Engineering
Universitas Malikussaleh
Lhokseumawe, Indonesia
mdaud@unimal.ac.id
Muhammad Sayuti
Department of Industrial Engineering
Universitas Malikussaleh
Lhokseumawe, Indonesia
sayuti@unimal.ac.id
Ferdy Hidayatullah
Student of Renewable Energy Master
Universitas Malikussaleh
Lhokseumawe, Indonesia
ferdy.212110101016@mhs.unimal.ac.id
Widyana Verawaty Siregar
Department of Management
Universitas Malikussaleh
Lhokseumawe, Indonesia
widyana.verawaty@unimal.ac.id
Rizqan Fachroji
Student of Electrical Engineering
Universitas Malikussaleh
Lhokseumawe, Indonesia
rizqan.180150124@mhs.unimal.ac.id.
Abstract— Currently, the development of renewable energy
sources for power generation is very prominent. This is done to
reduce the availability of fossil energy sources. In addition, the
burning of fossil energy sources will have an impact on the
environment and the production of gas emissions. Based on the
availability of sources and small environmental impact, wind
power plants have great energy potential to be explored. Balai
island Banyak island in Aceh Singkil-Indonesia has been
developed as a tourist destination that has great potential to
increase regional foreign exchange. The increasing number of
visitors in the Balai Island area will certainly have an impact on
increasing the need for electrical energy. The electricity
consumption in this area is only supplied by using diesel power
plants. Renewable energy based on wind power plants needs to
be developed as an alternative to preserve Balai Island from
environmental impacts due to the use of fossil-based electricity.
Therefore, a study of the potential resources of wind power
plants must be carried out to implement wind power plants on
Balai Island. The purpose of this study was to determine the
potential of wind energy and determine the appropriate type of
wind turbine in the Water Front Tourism Area of Balai island
Banyak Island as an alternative lighting. The method used in
this research is quantitative type with data processing and
descriptive approach. The data obtained were analyzed using
analytical methods to calculate the potential of wind energy and
its conversion into electrical energy. After analyzing the wind
speed data in 2020 in the Balai island tourist area with the
weibull distribution equation, the parameters k = 2.935758902
and c = 8.921518. Through capacity factor analysis, it is known
that small-scale wind turbines produce energy of 115,154
kWh/year per turbine with an electrical energy cost of Rp.
507,826 /kWh and the total annual net income (net income per
year) is Rp. 123,602,608.34.
Keywords— Descriptive Approach, Weibull Distribution,
Wind Power Generation
I. INTRODUCTION
Energy consumption in Indonesia is still dominated by the
use of coal by 50% and natural gas by 29% which are fossil
resources (Team Secretary General of the National Energy
Council, 2019) [1] - [3]. The level of electricity consumption
in Indonesia continues to show a significant increase every
year [4]. It can be seen in 2018 that electricity consumption in
Indonesia has exceeded 1,064 kWh per capita while (Minister
of Energy and Mineral Resources, 2021) stated that the
projected average growth of electrical energy needs is 4.9%
[4] - [6].
Seeing data on energy use that continues to increase, it
will drain fossil resources more quickly, therefore the
development of renewable energy needs to be done to
overcome the problem of depleting fossil energy sources [7] -
[9]. Currently, the use of renewable energy in Indonesia is still
around 6.8% from the targeted 23% at the end of 2025 and the
government continues to encourage development referring to
the 2010-2025 National Energy Management blueprint and
National Energy Policy and decisions [10], [11]. In addition
to developing renewable energy production, it is also
necessary to pay attention to green energy. One alternative
that is environmentally friendly is wind power which is the
main focus of this research [12].
Research on the potential of existing wind energy has been
carried out in Indonesia, but it is still small and only provides
information on potential areas without determining the exact
location and placement [13], [14]. Research on the potential
of wind energy conducted by Surya Bagaskara and his
colleagues in 2011 on Panggang Island, Seribu Island, showed
a very good and economical potential if wind turbines were
developed as alternative energy on the island [15]. Previous
research in Ulee Lheue Village, Banda Aceh, also showed
good energy potential and could be optimized for the needs of
public facilities such as street lights and so on [16], [17].
Therefore, research on the potential of wind energy needs to
be further developed, especially for the outer islands. In this
study, the focus is more on the area of Balai Island, Banyak
Island, Aceh Singkil. Total energy consumption continues to
increase by 6% per year in the Banyak Island area, [18], [19].
In the last two decades, rising energy costs have burdened the
government budget and a serious challenge to the economy of
Aceh Singkil due to the very small energy resources of the
local economy and its dependence on Diesel Power Plants
[19]. Banyak Island as the Outer Island of Aceh Singkil
Regency are one of the tourism icons that will be developed.
ELTICOM 2022 44

It is hoped that it will increase tourist visits to Banyak Island.
The increase in the number of visitors will have an impact on
the increasing need for energy, especially electrical energy
[20]. Meanwhile, the current electricity consumption in
Banyak island is only supplied by diesel power plants.
Therefore, an in-depth study is needed in dealing with other
electrical intakes.
In this study, a quantitative type method with data
processing and a descriptive approach will be used to analyze
wind energy potential and determine the appropriate type of
wind turbine to be applied in the Water Front Area of Balai
island Banyak island. The data obtained in the field were
analyzed using analytical methods to calculate the amount of
kinetic energy, potential wind energy and its conversion to
electrical energy. The final result of this study can provide a
complete picture of information about the potential of wind
resources as power plants in the Water Front Island area. The
Banyak Island Hall. This information can also be used to
develop policies for related agencies such as the Tourism
Office and the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources in
spatial planning and efficient power plant locations from
economic, technological, social and environmental aspects.
Furthermore, this study aims to improve the standard of living
of the people of Balai Island who develop the tourism sector
as income.
II. IMPLEMENTATION METHOD
The location of this research was carried out in the
Waterfront Tourism Area of Balai island Banyak island, Aceh
Singkil Regency, Aceh Province with coordinates 02° 18'
43.32" N - 97°24' 22.68" E.
Fig. 1. Location of Research Data Measurement
This research activity begins with studying some literature
from previous studies related to the study of wind potential for
power generation. This is intended to gain direction and
insight so as to facilitate the process of data collection, data
analysis, and in preparing reports. The method used in this
study is to use a quantitative type by processing the data
obtained. This research was conducted by describing the wind
conditions in the Water Front Tourism Area of Balai island
Banyak island which will be converted into electrical energy,
its feasibility, sustainability, and its potential to reduce CO2
emissions. Data analysis and processing was carried out to
determine the technical parameters and economic value as
well as the potential for wind energy that can be converted into
electrical energy in the Water Front Tourism Area of Balai
island banyak island. The variables observed in this study
were as follows:
1. Wind speed distribution.
2. The output of the turbine is based on the specifications
of the selected turbine.
3. The cost of generating electricity per KWh using the
selected wind turbine.
III. RESULTS, DISCUSSION, AND IMPACT
The data in this study were obtained from the use of
secondary data that had been collected by the NASA POWER
Data Access Viewer. The data obtained is in the form of a
time-series format containing data on wind speed and
temperature measurements carried out at a measurement
elevation of 50 meters [21]. The data used are available data,
with a range from January 2020 to December 2020 [22]. The
data for the wind turbine power curve to be used is obtained
from the data sheet provided by the turbine manufacturer.
Wind speed data is obtained in a time-series format, where
wind measurements are taken by taking the average value of
the wind speed that blows for one hour. The data will then be
summarized in the form of an average speed every day and
every month, this can be seen in the following table.
TABLE I. SUMMARY OF WIND SPEED AND TEMPERATURE
DATA IN 2020
No Name Average wind
speed 50 (m/s)
Temperature
(
⁰
C)
1 January 9.83 26.1
2 Feburary 6.68 26.01
3 march 8.92 26.52
4 April 7.37 26.2
5 May 7.96 26.52
6 June 8.4 25.58
7 July 9.84 25.59
8 August 8.7 25.67
9 September 8.13 25,24
10 October 7.23 25.23
11 November 6.9 25.55
12 December 5.6 25.3
Average 7.96 25.82
The average wind speed value every month is always
above the range of class 4 (7.0 – 7.5 m/s). The average wind
speed in 2020 is 7.96 above 50 m/s and belongs to class 5 (7.5
– 8.0 m/s). The average value of air temperature every month
is 25.82 C. Temperature data is needed to determine the
average density of air at the measurement location. Land cover
index data 0 at selected locations ranged from 0.3 to 0.5. For
the purposes of calculation will use the value of class 3,
namely 0 of 0.4. This value represents the condition of the
location which is a village area, abundant and high agricultural
land, forests and very rough and uneven plains.
A. Technical Parameter Analysis
Analysis of technical parameters of wind energy is needed
to determine the potential of wind energy at selected locations
using Weibull parameter analysis. From this analysis, it can
be seen the value of the wind power density at the site, the use
of appropriate turbines and the estimated annual energy output
obtained by using the turbines used. The parameters required
by the Weibull distribution equation are form parameters (k)
= 2.935758902 and scale parameters (c) = 8.921518. The
value of the wind power density that we get at a height of 10
meters = 424.9775 Watt/m2.
B. Wind turbine power curve
The wind turbine power curve used is a Class III turbine,
which is the most suitable wind turbine with an average wind
speed of 7.96 m/s according to the IEC 61400 standard and
the Danish Wind Industry Association. The Eocycle EO20 is
a turbine that meets the above requirements, the Eocycle
EO20 is a Canadian manufacturer. This turbine is categorized
ELTICOM 2022 45

as Small Turbine, because the rated power capacity of this
turbine is 20 kW. This turbine has specifications, Number of
Blades : 3, IEC Turbine Class : IIIa, Turbine Type : Horizontal
axis wind turbine, Rated Power 20 kW (Small Wind Turbine),
Hub Height : 17/24/30/36 meters, : 2.8 m/s, V_rated : 7.5 m/s,
: 20.0 m/s, Output Voltage : 400 V AC / 50 Hz, Turbine
Diameter: 15.8 meters, and 20 years old.
Fig. 2. Eocycle EO20 (20 kW) wind turbine power curve
C. Wind Turbine Power Calculator
Simulation with the Wind Turbine Power Calculator
program is used to find the annual energy output at an altitude
of 50 m/s. This is done after getting the parameters required
by the program.
1. The first step is to enter the value of the location weibull
parameter. Based on the calculations that have been done
previously, the value of the weibull location parameter is
k = 2.935758902 and c = 8.921518. The average
temperature value per year = 25.82 C, and the land cover
index (Z0) = 0.4.
2. The second step inputs the turbine parameter values used
in the form of measured V (20 kW), V (cut-in) (2.8 m/s),
V (cut-out) (20 m/s), and the height of the turbine hub.
used (36 meters).
3. The third step is to fill in the used turbine power curve as
shown in the image below.
4. After calculating with the help of the Wind Turbine Power
Calculator program, the results show that in a year the
Eocycle EO20 turbine (20 kW) produces energy of
115,154 kWh/year per turbine as shown in the image
below.
TABLE II. WIND TURBINE POWER CURVE
No m/s kW
1 1 0
2 2.75 0.02
3 3 0.35
4 3.5 1.24
5 4 2.36
6 4.5 3.73
7 5 5.5
8 5.5 7.53
9 6 10.7
10 6.5 12.86
11 7 15.81
12 7.5 18.44
13 8 19.56
14 8.5 20.00
15 9 20.00
16 9.5 20.00
17 10 20.00
18 10.5 20.00
19 11 20.00
20 11.5 19.75
21 12 19.14
22 12.5 18.16
23 13 16.89
24 14 14.89
25 15 14.18
26 16 12.08
27 17 12.08
28 18 12.08
29 19 12.08
30 20 12.08
D. Economic Aspect Analysis
TABLE III. INITIAL ASSUMPTIONS
No Assumption Score Information
1 Real Interest
Rate
10% Source:
https://data.worldbank.org
2 Exchange
Rate US $ /
Rp. 14,182 Score Exchange Central Bank
Rates Indonesia (25 October
2021)
3 Rated
Capacity
Wind Turbine
(kW)
20 (kW) Turbine Small Scale Wind
4 Capacity
Factor
66% Specification
5 Turbine Life
(Years)
20 years Manufacture
6 Balai Island
BPP
1,147.72
Rp/kWh
Source : Decree of the
Minister of Energy and
Mineral Resources
number:169.K/HK.02/MEM.
M/2021
The authors used additional software provided by the
Danish Wind Industry Association in calculating energy costs.
The value of the Cost of Energy of the wind turbine can be
searched with the help of this software after knowing the input
value required by the program. The input values required by
this software are:
1. Turbine Price = $20,000 or Rp. 283,640,000
2. Turbine installation price = $ 10,000 or Rp.
141,820,000
3. Cost of Capital = $30,000 or Rp. 425,460,000/year
4. Operation and Maintenance Cost is $600 or Rp.
8,509,200/year.
CONCLUSION
The average wind speed in the Pulau Balai tourist area is
7.96 m/s and the wind power density is 424.9775 Watt/m2 (50
meters high). This shows that wind energy in the area can be
utilized to generate electrical energy through the use of small
wind turbines (class III) and the energy generated is
115,154 kWh/year per wind turbine. Utilization of wind
energy for the generation of electrical energy in the tourist area
of Balai island, using a small-scale wind turbine, generates an
energy cost of Rp. 507,826 /kWh and the total net income per
year is Rp. 123,602,608.34.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
We would like to thank LPPM Malikussaleh University
which has accommodated this research activity. Furthermore,
we would like to thank the DRPM, Director General of Higher
Education, Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and
Technology of Indonesia for funding the research in the 2022
budget. We also thank the Aceh Singkil District Government
ELTICOM 2022 46

for contributing discussions and data related to this research.
We also thank those who have helped the team in the research.
REFERENCES
[1] S. Suriani and C. N. Keusuma, “The Effect of Basic Infra structure
Development on Economic Growth in Indonesia,” ECOsains J. Ilm.
Ekon. dan Pembang., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1–18, 2015.
[2] Kontan, “PLN: Electricity consumption is getting bigger, the country
is getting more developed,” 2021, [Online]. Available:
https://industri.kontan.co.id/news/pln-konsumsi-listrik-makin-besar-
negara-semakin-maju
[3] W. V. SIREGAR, A. HAS IBUAN, D. S. KHAIRAWATI, and W.
WIDARJO, “Households Carbon Emissions in Aceh, Indonesia:
Regulator Perspective”.
[4] D. E. Nasional, “Outlook Energi Indonesia 2014,” Kementeri. Energi
dan Sumber Daya Miner. Jakarta, 2014.
[5] S. Sukmajati and M. Hafidz, “Design and Analysis of 10 MW On Grid
Solar Power Plant in Yogyakarta,” Energi \& Kelistrikan, vol. 7, no. 1,
pp. 49–63, 2015.
[6] T. E. Mahanani, H. Sasana, and G. Jalunggono, “ANALYSIS OF THE
INFLUENCE OF BIODIESE L ENERGY CONSUMPTION
FACTORS IN THE ASEAN REGION + 1,” Din. Dir. J. Econ., vol. 2,
no. 1, pp. 210–228, 2020.
[7] Institut Teknologi Bandung, “Prof. Priyono Soetikno: IIndonesia Has
Abundant New and Renewable Energy Pot ential,” 2018, [Online].
Available: https://www.itb.ac.id/berita/detail/56825/prof-priyono-
soetikno-indonesia-mempunyai-potensi-energi-baru-dan-terbarukan-
yang-melimp ah
[8] J. Liu, J. Lv, H. Dinçer, S. Yüksel, and H. Karaku\cs, “Selection of
renewable energy alternatives for green blockchain investments: A
hybrid IT2-based fuzzy modelling,” Arch. Comput. Methods Eng., vol.
28, no. 5, pp. 3687–3701, 2021.
[9] J. Bosch, I. Staffell, and A. D. Hawkes, “Temporally explicit and
spatially resolved global offshore wind energy potentials,” Energy, vol.
163, pp. 766–781, 2018.
[10] Y. Daryanto, “Study of wind potential for wind power generation,”
2007.
[11] D. Aryani, “Indonesia's energy policy scenario until 2035,” disertasi,
Univ. Indones. ui. ac. id/opac/themes/green/dataIdentifier. jsp, 2012.
[12] J. F. Manwell, J. G. McGowan, and A. L. Rogers, Wind energy
explained: theory, design and application. John Wiley \& Sons, 2010.
[13] H. Suyono, D. O. Prabawanti, M. Shidiq, R. N. Hasanah, U. Wibawa,
and A. Hasibuan, “Forecasting of Wind Speed in Malang City of
Indonesia using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System and
Autoreg ressive Integrated Moving Average Methods,” in 2020
International Conference on Technology and Policy in Energy and
Electric Power (ICT-PEP), 2020, pp. 131–136.
[14] E. S. Nasution, A. Hasibuan, W. V. Siregar, and R. Ismail, “Solar
power generation system design: Case study of north sumatra
muhammadiyah university building,” in 2020 4rd International
Conference on Electrical, Telecommunication and Computer
Engineering (ELTICOM), 2020, pp. 191–194.
[15] S. Bagaskara, S. Sarwito, and I. R. Kusuma, “Analysis of the
Utilization of Wind Turbines as Alternative Electrical Energy
Producers in Panggang Island, Seribu Islands,” Jur. Tek. Sist.
Perkapalan Fak. Teknol. Kelaut. Inst. Teknol. Sepuluh Nop., 2011.
[16] “prof-priyono-soetikno- Indonesia-has-abundant-new-and-renewable-
energy-potential.”
[17] B. P. P. DAERAH, “OFFSHORE WIND ENERGY POTENTIAL IN
GAMPONG ULEE LHEUE FOR BANDA ACEH ELECTRICITY”.
[18] IEC, “Inovasi Energi Alternatif Tenaga Angin di Aceh,” 2020.
[Online]. Available: https://environment-
indonesia.com/articles/inovasi-energi-alternatif-tenaga-angin-di-aceh/
[19] B. P. Statistik, Kabupaten Aceh Singkil Dalam Angka 2020. 2020.
[20] A. Hasibuan, M. Isa, M. I. Yusoff, S. R. A. Rahim, and I. M. A.
Nrartha, “Effect of installation of distributed generation at different
points in the distribution system on voltage drops and power losses,”
in AIP Conference Proceedings, 2021, vol. 2339, no. 1, p. 20134.
[21] S. Mishra, C. K. Panigrahi, and D. P. Kothari, “Design and simulation
of a solar--wind--biogas hybrid system architecture using HOMER in
India,” Int. J. Ambient Energy, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 184–191, 2016.
[22] F. M. Anshory, “Study on Potential Utilization of Wind Energy as a
Wind Power Plant on Weh Island,” 2019.
ELTICOM 2022 47