Arnab Banerjee

BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa · Department of Biological Sciences

The success of the internal fertilization process results from the successful migration of sperm through the female reproductive tract. During the course of motion, sperm must overcome the obstacles and chemical changes that occur in their path towards the oocyte. Herein, we conducted an experimental and simulation study of sperm in different fluid...

The migration of sperm cells in a female reproductive tract is responsible for the successful fertilization of the female egg. In this research work, the efect of the surrounding fuids on the motion of sperm cells has been studied using a microfuidic channel. To analyze the motility of sperm, primary motility parameters such as velocity, beat fre...

Structural tailoring of the flavone framework (position 7) via organopalladium-catalyzed C–C bond formation was attempted in this study. The impact of substituents with varied electronic effects (phenyl ring, position 2 of the benzopyran scaffold) on the antitumor properties was also assessed. Resultantly, the efforts yielded a furyl arm bearing be...

Spermatogenesis is a multi-step process of male germ cell (Gc) division and differentiation which occurs in the seminiferous tubules of the testes under the regulation of gonadotropins - Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinising hormone (LH). It is a highly coordinated event regulated by the surrounding somatic testicular cells such as the...

Male infertility related issues are growing at a rapid pace. The swimming behaviour of sperm cells and their motility is important in achieving effective fertilization. The viscosity of the surrounding fluid plays a crucial role for sperm migration towards successful fertilization. Herein, we conduct experiments to study the motion of human sperm i...

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is the primary regulator of the mammalian reproductive axis. We investigated the spatiotemporal expression of GnRH splice variants (V1, V2, and V3) and splicing factors (Srsf7, Srsf9, and Tra-2) in the male mice brain. Further, using in silico tools, we predicted protein structure and the reason for the low tra...

GnRH-I and GnIH are the key neuropeptides that regulate the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis in mammals during aging. Polyamines are important aliphatic amines that are expressed in the brain and show variation with aging. The present study demonstrates evidence of variation in the level of expression of polyamines, GnRH-I and GnIH in the hypoth...

Diabetes type 1 (T1D) characterized by destruction of pancreatic β-cells results in inadequate insulin production and hyperglycaemia. Generation of reactive oxygen species and glycosylation end-products stimulates toxic impacts on T1D. Dietary w-3 fatty acids present in Fish oil (FO) might be helpful in the prevention of oxidative stress and lipid...

Dibenzodioxin-DNA interactions were studied using biophysical techniques. UV-visible spectral titrations were performed against calf thymus (CT)-DNA to determine the binding constants. Spectrofluorimetric dye-displacement assay and DNA viscometric assay were used to understand the nature of binding interactions. Molecules with intercalative binding...

Microfluidic methods act as an effective motile sperm separation technique used in infertility treatments. This work presents a standalone microfluidic device to separate motile sperm cells from non-motile sperm cells and debris. The separation mechanism is based on the centrifugal force acting on sperms and the ability of progressive motile sperms...

Germ cells (Gc) propagate the genetic information to subsequent generations. Diploid (2n) Gc get transformed to specialized haploid (n) gametes by mitotic and meiotic divisions in adult gonads. Retinoic acid (RA), an active derivative of vitamin A (retinol), plays a critical role in organ morphogenesis and regulates the meiotic onset in developing...

GnRH-I produced by hypothalamic neurosecretory cells is considered a master regulator of mammalian reproduction. Although GnRH-I transcription is well studied, the effect of ageing on transcriptional regulation of GnRH-I has not yet been explored. Here, we elucidate the effects of ageing on the metabolic environment like lactate level and TNF-α and...

The gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a hypothalamic decapeptide that acts as the key regulator in vertebrate reproduction. An in-depth understanding of the GnRH structure and function potentially alleviates the fertility management of economically essential animals. Analogues of GnRH with a wide range of variable potencies and half-lives ca...

Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons play a crucial role in the development and functioning of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, ultimately acting as the master controller for the fecundity of an organism. GnRH decapeptide is essential for expression of luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone, which are indispensa...

Embryonic diapause is an enigmatic phenomenon that appears in diverse species. Although regulatory mechanisms have been established, there is much to be discovered. Herein, we have made the first comprehensive attempt to elucidate diapause regulatory mechanisms using a computational approach. We found transcription factors unique to promoters of ge...

The gonadotropin-releasing hormone-gonadotropin inhibitor (GnRH-GnIH) system in the hypothalamus of mammals is the key factor that controls the entire reproductive system. The aim of this study was to immunolocalize GnIH (RFRP-3) in the hypothalamus during the estrous cycle and to study the effect of putrescine on the expression of GnRH-I and GnIH...

The interaction of two binuclear mixed ligand Cu(II) complexes [Cu(o-phen)LCu(OAc)] (1) and [Cu(o-phen)LCu(o-phen)](OAc) (2) (H3L = o-HOC6H4C(H)=N-NH-C(OH)=N-N=C(H)-C6H4OH-o) and a new mononuclear Zn(II) complex [Zn(HL)(o-phen)(H2O)](OAc)•H2O (3) (H2L = o-HOC6H4C(H)=NNHC(=O)NHN=C(H)C6H4OH-o, o-phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, and OAc = CH3COO) wi...

Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity are two common pathophysiological conditions of metabolic syndrome (MetS), a collection of similar metabolic dysfunctions due to sedentary lifestyle and overnutrition. Obesity arises from improper adipogenesis which otherwise has a crucial role in maintaining proper metabolic functions. Downstream events...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of putrescine on ovarian activity and the rate of embryonic development in Cynopterus sphinx during delayed development. The result showed the presence of a rate-limiting enzyme, ornithine decarboxylase-1, in both ovary and utero-embryonic unit of C. sphinx suggests a synthesis of putrescine in these...

Purpose The incidence of obesity is increasing among all age groups throughout the world and it is highly associated with numerous other metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance, Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) etc. Methods and Results Using in vitro and in vivo approach, this study investigated the adipokine profile after liraglutide on...

Push-pull dibenzodioxins and phenazines having ‘anthracene-like’ planar structures and good charge transfer character had been previously synthesised in our laboratory. The dibenzodioxins had earlier proven their anti-proliferative nature against HeLa tumor cell lines. Since phenazines are structural analogues of the former, these molecules were ev...

We report the biological activity of three Cu(II) complexes [Cu(pabt)Cl] (1), [Cu(pma)Cl] (2), and [Cu(pdta)Cl]Cl (3) (pabt = N-(2-mercaptophenyl)-2′-pyridylmethylenimine, pma = N-(2-pyridylmethyl)-2-mercaptoaniline, pdta = 2,2′-di(pyridyl-2-methyleneimine)diphenyl disulfide). 1–3 display four-line EPR multiplet in solution at RT suggesting that th...

Aza- and oxa-dihydrotetracenes were prepared in one step from 1,4-dicyanodibenzodioxins in good yields. These molecules represent the first examples of heterocyclic dihydrotetracenes with push-pull character. Aza-dihydrotetracene 18H showed a strong red-shifted absorbance maxima at 472 nm, nearly equal in intensity to the parent band at 260 nm, in...

Obesity is one of the major global health problems concerning people from almost all age groups. Obesity has profound adverse effects on the reproductive health and may lead to metabolic disturbances and syndromes. Obese couples have less fertility potential and often opt for assisted reproductive technologies for conception. It has been observed t...

The aim of the present study was to investigate variation in the expression pattern of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC1), spermine (SPM), spermidine (SPD) and antizyme inhibitor (AZIN1) in hypothalamus, ovary and uterus during the estrous cycle of rats. Further, to understand any correlation between polyamines and GnRH I expression in hypothalamus; ef...

Contents Embryonic diapause is an evolutionary strategy to ensure that offspring are born when maternal and environmental conditions are optimal for survival. In many species of carnivores, obligate embryonic diapause occurs in every gestation. In mustelids, the regulation of diapause and reactivation is influenced by photoperiod, which then acts t...

Embryonic diapause is an evolutionary strategy to ensure that offspring are born when maternal and environmental conditions are optimal for survival. In many species of carnivores, obligate embryonic diapause occurs in every gestation. Reciprocal embryo transplant studies indicate that embryo arrest during diapause is conferred by uterine condition...

The present study evaluates the hypothesis, that glucose is essential for steroidogenesis and inadequate supply of glucose to the testis may be responsible for decline in steroidogenesis in mice during aging. Mice of different age groups (birth, weaning, puberty, reproductively active, and senescence) were utilized for this study. The changes in gl...

The present study was undertaken in the fruit bat Cynopterus sphinx, which breeds twice in quick succession at Varanasi, India. Its gestation period varies significantly in the two successive pregnancies of the year owing to delayed embryonic development during the first (winter) pregnancy. The primary aim of the present study was to determine the...

Embryonic diapause, the temporary suspension of development of the embryo, is a fascinating reproductive strategy that has been frequently exploited across the animal kingdom. It is characterized by an arrest in development that occurs at the blastocyst stage in over 130 species of mammals. Its presumed function is to uncouple mating from parturiti...

Male mammals experience decreasing reproductive function, particularly decline in steroidogenesis. Till date there is lack of information regarding relationship between metabolic changes in the testis and variation ints reproductive status. Therefore, the aim of present study was to determine the changes in glucose transport in relation to changes...

The aim of present study was to investigate the changes in the testicular expression of aromatase, ER alpha, ER beta and iNOS protein and correlate these with serum testosterone and nitric oxide levels, to elucidate the role of estrogen and nitric oxide in the testis during aging. This study showed localization of aromatase and ER alpha mainly in t...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of chronic uptake of bhang, prepared from the Cannabis sativa, on male reproductive physiology in adult male Parkes strain (P) mice. An attempt was also made to investigate the presence of cannabinoid 1 (CB1) and cannabinoid 2 (CB2) receptors, and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) in the testi...

The aim of this study was to compare the changes in concentration of glucose and glucose transporters (GLUTs) in the utero-embryonic unit, consisting of decidua, trophoblast and embryo, during delayed and non-delayed periods to understand the possible cause of delayed embryonic development in Cynopterus sphinx. The results showed a significantly de...

Factors regulating leptin synthesis during adipogenesis in wild species are not well known. Studies in the female Cynopterus sphinx bat have shown that it undergoes seasonal changes in its fat deposition and serum leptin and melatonin levels. The aim of the present study was to investigate the hormonal regulation of leptin synthesis by the white ad...

An adiposity-associated rise in leptin occurs at the time of delayed embryonic development in Cynopterus sphinx. The aim of present study was to examine the mechanism by which leptin may inhibit progesterone, and therefore could be responsible for delayed development. The study showed a significant increase in circulating leptin level during the pe...

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the seasonal variation in serum melatonin levels and their relationship to the changes in the serum progesterone level, ovarian steroidogenesis, and embryonic development during two successive pregnancies of Cynopterus sphinx. Circulating melatonin concentrations showed two peaks; one coincided with the...

The primary aim of this study was to determine the possible cause of slow or delayed embryonic development in Cynopterus sphinx by investigating morphological and steroidogenic changes in the corpus luteum (CL) and circulating hormone concentrations during two pregnancies of a year. This species showed delayed post-implantational embryonic developm...

The present study was undertaken in the fruit bat Cynopterus sphinx, which breeds twice in quick succession at Varanasi, India. Its gestation period varies significantly in the two successive pregnancies of the year owing to delayed embryonic development during the first (winter) pregnancy. The primary aim of the present study was to determine the...