Anand Kumar Chaudhari

Banaras Hindu University | BHU · Department of Botany Institute of Science

The present investigation entails the encapsulation of Apium graveolens essential oil into chitosan nanobiopolymer (AGEO-Ne) and assessment of its efficacy against Fusarium verticillioides contamination and fumonisins biosynthesis in stored rice (Oryza sativa L.) samples. The AGEO was encapsulated through ionic gelation process and characterized by...

Aspergillus flavus is a common fungus causing bread spoilage by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) production. Essential oil components are considered as effective antifungal agent; however, volatility and oxidative-instability limited their practical applications. The aim of this study was to fabricate novel chitosan nanoemulsion film incorporating carvone (carv...

In this study, a novel chitosan nanoemulsion coating embedded with Valeriana officinalis essential oil (Ne-VOEO) was synthesized in order to improve the postharvest quality of Citrus sinensis fruits against infesting fungi, and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) mediated nutritional deterioration. The developed nanoemulsion was characterized through SEM, FTIR, XR...

This study reports first time investigation on efficacy of cajuput essential oil loaded chitosan nanoparticle (CjEO-CSNP) on shelf-life of white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) stored at 4±1 °C for 7-days. CjEO-CSNP was characterized through scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and dynamic light scattering. The nanoparticles exhibit...

Application of essential oils to mitigate aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination in food is a current research hotspot; however, their direct incorporation may cause toxic effects, and changes in food organoleptic properties. This work aimed to synthesize novel synergistic formulation of Pinus roxburghii, Juniperus communis, and Cupressus sempervirens e...

The present study demonstrates first time investigation on encapsulation of Aniba rosaeodora essential oil into chitosan nanoemulsion (AREO-CsNe) with the aim of improvement of its antifungal, and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) inhibitory performance in real food system. The GC–MS analysis of AREO revealed the presence of linalool (81.46%) as a major componen...

This study aimed to improve the stability of Cinnamomum tamala essential oil (CTEO) via encapsulating into chitosan nanoemulsion (CsNe) through an ionic-gelation technique and explore its food preservative efficacy against aflatoxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus (AFLHPSi-1, isolated from stored millet), aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination, and lip...

This study aimed to reveal the bio-efficacy of Melaleuca cajuputi essential oil (McEO) against aflatoxigenic fungi and lipid peroxidation causing deterioration of stored maize samples. Three different toxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus, namely AF-LHP-M2, AF-LHP-SP2, and AF-LHP-VS8 were investigated. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)...

The present study demonstrates the first time investigation on Cinnamomum camphora essential oil (CCEO) loaded chitosan nanoemulsion coating on Citrus aurantifolia fruits to ensure protection against Aspergillus flavus infestation and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination. Encapsulation of CCEO was confirmed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM),...

The present study aimed to co-encapsulate binary synergistic formulation of Pimpinella anisum and Coriandrum sativum (PC) essential oils (0.75:0.25) into chitosan nanoemulsion (Nm-PC) with effective inhibition against fungal proliferation, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) secretion, and lipid peroxidation in stored rice. Physico-chemical characterization of Nm-...

This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of chemically characterised Carum carvi essential oil (CcEO) against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) producing strain of Aspergillus flavus (AF-LHP-WS-4) causing deterioration of herbal raw materials (HRM). GC-MS analysis of the EO revealed the presence of carvone (69.85%) as a dominant component. CcEO caused comp...

To date, several synthetic preservatives have been used for management of food losses caused by insect and fungal pathogens, however, development of resistant races and adverse effects on environment have limited their applicability. Currently, essential oils and their bioactive components are well acknowledged for control of insects. Insecticidal...

The direct incorporation of essential oils (EOs) into real food system faces numerous challenges due to high volatility, intense aroma, and instability. This research aimed to enhance the stability and bio-efficacy of Pimenta dioica essential oil (PDEO) through encapsulation in chitosan (CN) nanoemulsion. The nanoemulsion (CN-PDEO) was fabricated t...

The present study explores the practical efficacy of chitosan (CS) nanoemulsion loaded with Petroselinum crispum essential oil (CS-PEO). Since, nanoencapsulation of EO is an emerging field in food science, the PEO was encapsulated into CS nanoemulsion and investigated their efficacy against fungal, aflatoxin B1 (AfB1) contamination and lipid peroxi...

The aim of the present study was to encapsulate linalool into chitosan nanocomposite (Nm-linalool) for developing novel controlled release delivery system in order to protect stored rice against fungal infestation, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination, and lipid peroxidation. The chitosan-linalool nanocomposite showed spherical shapes, smooth surface...

The present study was undertaken to explore the inhibitory effect of Levisticum officinale Koch. essential oil (LoffEO) on the growth and aflatoxin B1 secretion by Aspergillus flavus (AF-LHP-SH1, aflatoxigenic strain) causing deterioration of stored chia seeds (Salvia hispanica). The chemical profile analysis of LoffEO by GC-MS analysis revealed th...

Essential oils from five medicinal aromatic plants viz. Gaultheria fragrantissima Wall, Artemisia nilagirica Clarke, Curcuma longa Linn, Zingiber officinale Roscoe and Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers. were evaluated for their efficacy as antifungal agents against the growth of toxigenic Aspergillus flavus Link isolated from stored maize of Meghalaya. An...

The control of storage insect pests is largely based on synthetic pesticides. However, due to fast growing resistance in the targeted insects, negative impact on humans and non-target organisms as well as the environment, there is an urgent need to search some safer alternatives of these xenobiotics. Many essential oils (EOs) and their bioactive co...

The study deals with first time report on encapsulation of chemically characterized Anethum graveolens essential oil within chitosan nanomatrix (Nm-AGEO) using ionic gelation technique to enhance the antimicrobial, antiaflatoxigenic, antioxidant, and in situ efficacy against stored rice biodeterioration. GC-MS analysis of AGEO revealed dill apiol (...

Spoilage of food by mycotoxigenic fungi poses a serious risk to food security throughout the world. In view of the negative effects of synthetic preservatives, essential oils (EOs) and their bioactive constituents are gaining momentum as suitable substitute to ensure food safety by controlling mycotoxins. However, despite their proven preservative...

In this study, a comparative efficacy of Cananga odorata EO (CoEO) and its nanoencapsulated formulation into chitosan nanoemulsion (CoEO-CsNe) against a toxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus (AF-M-K5) were investigated for the first time in order to determine its efficacy in preservation of stored food from fungal, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contaminatio...

The present study envisages the potential application of chitosan‐coated Zingiber zerumbet essential oil nanoemulsion (ZEO‐CsNE) as green antimicrobial preservative against Aspergillus flavus, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), and lipid peroxidation of stored functional foods. GC‐MS analysis of ZEO exhibited the abundance of cis‐geraniol (15.53%) as the major c...

Application of synthetic preservatives to control the contamination of stored food commodities with aflatoxin B1 causing considerable loss in nutritional value is a major challenge. However, employment of essential oils for protecting food commodities is much limited due to high volatility, and increased susceptibility to oxidation. Therefore, obje...

The present investigation entails the fabrication and characterization of nanometric emulsion of eugenol (Nm-eugenol) encompassed into chitosan for assessing bio-efficacy in terms of in vitro antifungal actions, antiaflatoxigenic potential, and in situ preservative efficacy against Aspergillus flavus infestation and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) mediated los...

The present study investigates the bio-efficacy of five different essential oil components viz. elemicin, apiol, p-cymene, α-pinene and fenchone as food preservative against common food contaminating fungi including aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus (AFLHPR14) and inhibition of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) secretion. Elemicin and apiol exhibited significant...

The present study deals with the antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic potential of Cinnamomum cassia essential oil (CCEO) against aflatoxigenic food borne Aspergillus flavus strain (AF-LHP-PE-4), and probable mode of action including the safety profile on male mice. CCEO completely inhibited fungal growth and aflatoxin B1 secretion at its minimum inhib...

Rapid development of different metal-based industries and mining activities producing huge amount of metal-laden wastes has considerably deteriorated the quality of water and soil around the globe. The application of metal-based fertilizers has further aggravated the environmental contamination multifolds. Most of the metals released into water and...

The study reports the preservative efficacy of Bunium persicum (Boiss) essential oil (BPEO) against fungal and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination of stored masticatories and boosting of its efficacy through encapsulation into chitosan. BPEO was chemically characterized through GC-MS analysis, which revealed γ-terpinene as the major compound. The BPE...

Aflatoxins (AFs) are the most frequent contaminants of maize and maize-based products, and its consumption can cause severe adverse effects to humans and animals. The efficacy of essential oils (EOs) and their bioactive compounds as potential antifungal agents has been well documented against food-borne fungi. This study evaluates the preservative...

Origanum majorana essential oil (OmEO) encapsulated into chitosan nanoemulsion is being reported as a novel preservative of stored food items against fungi, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination and lipid peroxidation. The major component of OmEO identified through GC-MS was terpinen-4-ol (28.92%). HR-SEM, FTIR and XRD analyses confirmed successful enc...

The study reports the antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic mechanism of action of chitosan fabricated Myristica fragrans essential oil nanoemulsion (Nm-MFEO) against an aflatoxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus (AF LHP R14). Significant inhibition in ergosterol biosynthesis by Nm-MFEO indicated plasma membrane as potential target site of antifungal ac...

In vitro antifungal activity of the essential oil from Monarda citriodora (MCEO) with possible mode of action was evaluated against A. flavus (AF-LHP-SH1) and 15 other storage molds for controlling postharvest deterioration of stored functional food samples. The chemical profiling of MCEO as done through GC–MS analysis revealed caryophyllene (19.15...

Several drawbacks prevail while practicing the preservation of the food stuffs through conventional techniques. Nanoparticles enclosing active principles are claimed to enhance the efficacy as well as shelf life of preservatives. The synthesis and utilization of innovative materials in nano-sized system for the food packaging is very challenging in...

This study reports enhanced efficacy of encapsulated α-Terpineol to control fungal, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and free radicals mediated deterioration of stored maize samples. The α-Terpineol loaded chitosan nanoemulsion (α-TCsNe) was characterized through SEM, FTIR and XRD techniques. The α-TCsNe exhibited enhanced antifungal activity against aflatoxin...

The present study deals with encapsulation of Myristica fragrans essential oil (MFEO) into chitosan nano-matrix, their characterization and assessment of antimicrobial activity, aflatoxin inhibitory potential, safety profiling and in situ efficacy in stored rice as environment friendly effective preservative to control the postharvest losses of foo...

ABSTRACT Medicinal plants have been in use for the treatment of a range of diseases from the beginning of civilization. Around 65–80% of the world population living in developing countries believes in traditional herbal medicines for their primary health care. Even in the modern allopathic system, medicinal plants are playing a key role in public h...

Fungal and mycotoxin contamination of stored food items is of utmost concern throughout the world due to their hazardous effects on mammalian systems. Most of the synthetic chemicals used as preservatives have often been realised to be toxic to humans and also cause adverse environmental effects. In this respect, use of different plant products esp...

The present study reports the formulation of Apium graveolens essential oil (AGEO) with its major components linalyl acetate (LA) and geranyl acetate (GA) (1:1:1) as a novel green preservative for protection of postharvest food commodities from fungal infestations, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) secretion, free radical generation and lipid peroxidation. The e...

The study reports efficacy of Melissa officinalis L. essential oil (MOEO) as a safe plant-based insecticide against Tribolium castaneum Herbst (TC) by induction of oxidative stress. MOEO nanoencapsulation in chitosan matrix was performed to enhance its bioefficacy. GC–MS analysis of MOEO depicted geranial (31.54%), neral (31.08%), and β-caryophylle...

The present investigation reports antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic efficacy of Salvia sclarea essential oil (SSEO) and its combination with Linalyl acetate (LA) (1:1) against herbal drug deteriorating molds and aflatoxin B1 contamination. GC-MS analysis of SSEO showed Linalyl Acetate (LA) (61.33%) and Linalool (LL) (17.59%) as major components. The...

The present investigation deals with first time report on encapsulation of Coriandrum sativum essential oil (CSEO) in chitosan nanomatrix as a green nanotechnology for enhancing its antimicrobial, aflatoxin inhibitory and antioxidant efficacy. Chitosan nano biopolymer entrapped CSEO as prepared through ionic gelation process showed broad spectrum f...

Masticatories are prone to fungal and mycotoxin contamination during postharvest processing. The plant based preservatives may be recommended as safe alternatives of synthetic chemicals for their proper storage to protect them from fungal and mycotoxins contamination. This review presents an overview on mycoflora and mycotoxins associated with plan...

The study reports chemically characterised Myristica fragrans essential oil (MFEO) as plant based food preservative against fungal and aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1) contamination of scented rice varieties. The chemical profile of MFEO revealed elemicin (27.08%), myristicine (21.29%) and thujanol (18.55%) as major components. The minimum inhibitory and mini...

The chemical characterisation of Pimenta dioica essential oil (PDEO) revealed the presence of 50 components, amongst which α-Terpineol (30.31%) was the major component followed by β-Linalool (6.75%) and γ-Terpinene (4.64%). The oil completely inhibited the growth of aflatoxin B1 secreting strain Aspergillus flavus LHP-VS-8 and aflatoxin B1 producti...

There are several species of plants that are poisonous to humans. Toxins are metabolites produced by plants to defend themselves against threats. The major poisonous principles present in plants are organic compounds such as alkaloids, diterpenes, flavonoids, tannins, cardiac and cyanogenic glycosides, proanthocyanidins, phenylpropanoids, lignans,...

The study explores the potential of Cistus ladanifer essential oil (CLEO) as plant based preservative against fungal and aflatoxin B1 contamination of stored oil seeds. Aspergillus flavus AF-M-K5 was identified as the most aflatoxigenic isolate during mycoflora analysis of selected oil seeds. Chemical characterization of CLEO through GC-MS revealed...