Ana G. Gutiérrez-García

Universidad Veracruzana | UV · Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología

https://www.uv.mx/cienciauv/seccion/revista/

(https://www.uv.mx/cienciauv/files/2024/01/LC_XXXVII_1_2024_RS.pdf)

During a maternal infection with lipopolysaccharide (MI-LPS), the neurodevelopment of the offspring is affected due to alterations in the central nervous system (CNS) by the activation of different proinflammatory mechanisms. We studied the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infection on the gestational (LPS-G) and gestational-lactation (LPS-GL) p...

Marthe Louise Vogt nació un 9 de septiembre de 1903 en Berlín, Alemania. En su larga existencia le tocó vivir la Revolución Bolchevique, la pandemia española de influenza, la Primera Guerra Mundial, el inicio y desarrollo de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, la Guerra de Vietnam y otras atrocidades bélicas; todo un personaje del siglo xx.

Introduction: Research in humans has identified a link between hypoglycemia and anxiety. The present study examined anxiety-like behaviors in rats that were subjected to hypoglycemia that was produced by an acute injection of insulin. Healthy female Wistar rats were subjected to a battery of tests to explore anxiety (elevated plus maze) and locomo...

Some diabetes patients develop depression, the main treatment for which is antidepressants. Pharmacological interactions between insulin and antidepressants (e.g., fluoxetine) are controversial in the literature. Some authors reported hypoglycemic actions of fluoxetine, whereas others reported antidepressant-like actions. In healthy rats, insulin p...

Las actividades de un cuidador informal son sumamente demandantes, estresantes y generalmente asociadas a una sobrecarga emocional, con efectos lesivos en la salud, sobre todo cuando se considera que el llamado síndrome de burnout se manifiesta cuando las personas no pueden afrontar de manera adaptativa las situaciones que les generan estrés y se s...

This study consisted of monitoring the academic self-efficacy of higher education students during the confinement due to the pandemic caused by COVID-19 in order to see the effects on academic performance. Twenty-two first-year Psychology students participated, who had the first course prior to the pandemic and the second had some face-to-face acti...

Basolateral amygdala (BLA) nuclei and their reciprocal connections with prelimbic (PL) and infralimbic (IL) regions of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) are involved in the regulation of fear. 2-Heptanone is released in urine in stressed rats, and the olfactory detection of this odor produces immediate avoidance and alarm reactions and modifies n...

Background/aims: Anti-immobility actions of insulin in diabetic rats that are subjected to the forced swim test (FST) have been reported. In this test, low doses of antidepressants exert actions after long-term treatment, without affecting locomotor activity in healthy rats. Few studies have compared acute and chronic actions of insulin with antid...

The objective of the present investigation was to explore the levels of academic self-efficacy and their relationship with performance, anxiety and depression in a sample of emerging university adults. 114 students between 17 and 30 years of age (SD = 2.12), answered the in the Academic Behavior Self-efficacy Scale, the Diagnostic Questionnaire for...

Despite that snakes lack outer traces of an auditory system, they respond to acoustic stimuli in the air, in terrestrial substrates and in water, through a functioning cochlea and a somatic system. In reptiles, the use of vibrations has been primarily associated with communication among individuals. However, vibrations also can be a useful mechanis...

Educational innovation is an important factor in the sustainable development of teaching practice. The aim of this study was to transform and systematize a mandatory theoretical-conceptual course for the Psychology at the Veracruzana University (UV), Mexico. A sample of 25 students who were enrolled in the educational experience participated in...

The lateral septal nucleus (LSN) exerts inhibitory control over lordosis in female rats, but the influence of forebrain structures, such as prelimbic (PL) and infralimbic (IL) regions of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), on LSN activity during sexual receptivity is unknown. We hypothesized that the neural responsivity of these connections may di...

Los sistemas sensoriales permiten integrar estímulos y evocar respuestas ante situaciones de amenaza o peligro para favorecer la supervivencia. La 2-heptanona es una feromona de alarma identificada en varias especies y su acción se establece de inmediato, provocando reacciones de evitación y de huida. Dado que se desconoce su acción en el largo pla...

Para el estudio de la diabetes se dispone de diversas estrategias metodológicas en modelos animales, tales como, técnicas quirúrgicas, modificaciones dietéticas, incluso manipulación genética y la administración de fármacos específicos, por su toxicidad. En animales, la diabetes experimental se logra con el uso de fármacos, como la aloxana o la est...

Procrastination is a widespread phenomenon in educational settings. This study aimed to determine the relationship between academic procrastination regarding study habits and self-reported executive functions in high school students. In a sample of 52 students, the following instruments were applied: Academic Procrastination Scale (APS), Study Ha...

Introduction: Daily stress can cause detrimentally high circulating levels of cortisol. Although habituation to this response can occur, it does not necessarily mean resilience. The operating room may be a natural site for the study of stress. Objective: The aim of the present study was to compare the impact of surgical stress in three protagonist...

The basolateral amygdala (BLA) and prelimbic (PL) and infralimbic (IL) cortices are interconnected structures that participate in the regulation of fear. Unknown are the reciprocal functional influence of these regions on neuronal responsivity and the action of an anxiolytic drug. We performed multiunit activity recordings from one neuronal pool wh...

The lateral septal nucleus (LSN) is related to the actions of antidepressants, and the prelimbic cortex (PL) and infralimbic cortex (IL) modulate responses to fear. However, unknown is whether experimental diabetes that is induced by alloxan alters the responsivity of these regions. We used a method in which one forebrain region (LSN) was electrica...

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Con el objetivo de explorar las relaciones entre la autoeficacia académica y la ansiedad, como incidente crítico, el presente estudio descriptivo-correlacional incluyó una muestra de 310 estudiantes (183 mujeres y 127 hombres), quienes respondieron a la Escala de Autoeficacia en Conductas Académicas (EACA), la Escala de Ansiedad ZUNG y el Inventari...

Several clinically effective antidepressants increase the neuronal firing rate in the lateral septal nucleus (LSN), a forebrain structure that is anatomically related to medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) regions. mPFC function is related to depression and the regulation of fear. However, unknown is whether antidepressant treatment or chronic stress m...

2-Heptanone (methyl n-amyl ketone) is a ketone that produces alarm reactions in insects (e.g., bees and ants). As an olfactory stimulus, 2-heptanone produces anxiety reactions in the short term and despair in the long term in rodent models. Among the anatomical connections of the olfactory system that integrate behavioral responses, connections bet...

Resumen Algunos trastornos neuropsicopatológicos cursan con alteraciones de la percepción del tiempo, pero las bases neurobiológicas apenas empiezan a descifrarse. El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática consistió en integrar los hallazgos realizados en la neurobiología de la percepción del tiempo en algunas neuropsicopatologías. Se realizó una bú...

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Background: A mixture of eight fatty acids (lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, and linoleic acid) that are contained in human amniotic fluid, colostrum, and milk produces appetitive responses in newborns, suggesting the existence of a transition of sensorial cues that guide newborns...

The main characteristic of diabetes is hyperglycemia. Depending on whether diabetes is type-1 or type-2, it is characterized by deficiencies in insulin secretion, insulin receptor sensitivity, hexokinase activity, and glucose transport. Current drug treatments are able to lower circulating glucose but do not address the problem of glucose utilizati...

Executive functions have been defined as the ability to formulating, planning and carrying goals efficiently. On the other hand, the self-efficacy beliefs represent a cognitive source between knowledge and action and determines, among other variables, the success of own actions. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of executive perform...

Amygdala-medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) connections partially regulate fear, anxiety, and the acquisition of conditioned fear. Progesterone exerts some effects on anxiety and fear. Currently unknown, however, are the actions of progesterone on the responsivity of amygdala-mPFC connections and possible sex differences. We performed single-unit extr...

Anxiety and depression in diabetic patients contributes to a poor prognosis, but possible causal relationships have been controversial. Anxiety, fear, and anhedonia are mediated by interactions between different deep structures of the temporal lobe (e.g., amygdala complex and hippocampus) and other forebrain-related structures (e.g., lateral septal...

The social interaction test is based on spontaneous behaviour observed between pairs of animals, usually rodents. Commonly, the behaviour of one of the members in the dyad is related to the behaviour of its partner; therefore, making accurate predictions about behaviour is difficult, and the behaviour of the dyad cannot be controlled. In the presen...

http://ebooks.uv.mx/product/neurofisiologa-de-la-conducta El cerebro es el órgano más complejo e importante de cualquier ser vivo. Su funcionamiento adecuado nos permite sentir, desear, buscar, obtener y decidir entre lo que es biológicamente importante o no. Por lo tanto, el cerebro es el principal sensor e integrador de información externa (se p...

Among many species, the establishment of hierarchical relations contains a highly ritualized behavioral context accompanied by the delivery of volatile agents, namely ketones and aldehydes, into environment. These substances act as signals contributing to defining and maintaining social hierarchies. Among mammals, some volatile compounds are releas...

Among many species, the establishment of hierarchical relations contains a highly ritualized behavioral context accompanied by the delivery of volatile agents, namely ketones and aldehydes, into environment. These substances act as signals contributing to defining and maintaining social hierarchies. Among mammals, some volatile compounds are releas...

2-Heptanone is an alarm pheromone contained in some human fluids, but its role is unknown in chemical communication. In part one of this study, a sample of 24 women provided urine specimens taken around their supposed ovulation days, and a second sample 12 days later. As exclusion criteria, women with anxiety (based on the State-Trait Anxiety Inven...

2-Heptanone is an alarm pheromone contained in some human fluids, but its role is unknown in chemical communication. In part one of this study, a sample of 24 women provided urine specimens taken around their supposed ovulation days, and a second sample 12 days later. As exclusion criteria, women with anxiety (based on the State-Trait Anxiety Inven...

Alarm substances are released under stressful situations and may constitute signals that prevent other members of the group from encountering dangerous situations by producing fear. 2-Heptanone is an alarm pheromone that increases the neuronal firing rate in temporal lobe structures that are related to fear in the rat, such as the basal amygdala. A...

The capability to perceive and emit alarm substances, such as 2-heptanone, makes animals aware of the presence of danger, leading to some strategies directed towards survival. Strategies of survival involve emotional memory which is processed by deep temporal lobe structures, such as amygdaloid complex and hippocampus. In the Wistar rat, 2-heptanon...

La percepción olfatoria de feromonas de alarma, como la 2-heptanona, promueve ciertas estrategias de supervivencia con la participación de la memoria emocional, integrada en estructuras del lóbulo temporal, como la amígdala y el hipocampo. En la rata Wistar, la olfacción de 2-heptanona genera conductas sugerentes de ansiedad y un incremento de la t...

Some chemical cues may produce signs of anxiety and fear mediated by amygdala nuclei, but unknown is the role of two anterior olfactory epithelial organs, the septal and vomeronasal organs (SO-VNOs). The effects of SO-VNO removal were explored in different groups of Wistar rats using two complementary approaches: (i) the assessment of neuronal firi...

In humans, maternal cues guide newborns to the maternal breast, and transitional cues may be present in maternal-fetal fluids. The aim of the present study was to determine the consistent presence of sensorial cues in three maternal-fetal fluids-amniotic fluid, colostrum, and milk-and test the ability of these cues to produce appetitive responses i...

Human amniotic fluid (AF) contains eight fatty acids (FATs), and both produce anxiolytic-like effects in adult rats and appetitive responses in human newborns. The medial amygdala and lateral septal nucleus function are related to social behavior, but the action of AF or its FATs in this circuit is known. We obtained 267 single-unit extracellular r...

Anxiety as an adaptive response is a natural emotion that occurs in response to danger and prepares an organism to cope with the environment, playing a critical role in its survival. Among the components of anxiety, the expression of fear may inform other members of the group about the presence of imminent danger (i.e., an alarm cue). The environme...

Se consideran al menos dos características de las emociones: 1) En una de ellas se llega a un punto de equilibrio, las emociones van de lo positivo (feliz o seguro) a lo negativo (miedo o enojo). Estas fluctuaciones normales conllevan pautas conductuales que les caracterizan. Por ejemplo, en los estados emocionales positivos, hay una tendencia haci...

Wistar rats subjected to physical stress release a urine alarm pheromone (2-heptanone) that produces signs of anxiety and despair in receptor rats not subjected to physical stress. However, unknown are the effects of 2-heptanone on the firing rate of the basal amygdala, a structure that participates in the expression of fear, and the participation...

Introduction Pharmacological and non-pharmacological antidepressant therapies increase the firing rate of lateral septal nucleus neurons (a brain structure involved in mood state regulation) and reduce immobility in the forced swim test (FST), whereas the neurosteroid allopregnanolone appears to produce antidepressant-like effects through actions a...

Present article describes some scholar trajectory indicators during a five years period (1999-2004) from students of the Facultad de Psicología-Xalapa incorporated to the Integral and Flexible Educative Model at Universidad Veracruzana which is immersed in a process of evaluation. We determined indicators such as the percentage of students incorpor...

Odors from amniotic fluid produce signs of calmness in mammals suggesting some anxiolytic-like properties. Experimental models, such as the defensive burying, elevated plus maze, and open field tests offer well-controlled approaches to the study of putative anxiolytic substances using rats. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, we first ident...

The forced swim test (FST) is commonly employed to test the potency of drugs to reduce immobility as an indicator of anti-despair. Certainly, antidepressant drugs reduce the total time of immobility and enlarge the latency to the first immobility period. FST is preceded by the open field test (OFT) to discard any influence of changes in general mot...

Introduction. We have already constantly identified eight fatty acids in amniotic fluid, colostrum and maternal milks, which suggest the existence of a continuum of sensorial cues leading to the identification of dams. Material and Methods. We designed an observational study in 11 human babies subjected to a double choice test to test their orienta...

Testosterone exerts anxiolytic effects, but the participation of its aromatase metabolic product estradiol is controversial. Therefore, we used the defensive burying paradigm in female Wistar rats to explore testosterone's (1.0 mg/rat, s.c.) interactions with picrotoxin (a noncompetitive γ-aminobutyric acid-A receptor [GABAA] antagonist; 1.0 mg/kg,...

Trazodone is a second generation, atypical antidepressant. It exerts selective inhibitory actions on the transport of serotonin (5-HT), in a lesser amount than the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. The most striking pharmacological effect is as a 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C antagonist. It also blocks the α1 - α2 adrenergic and histamine-1 receptors. I...

Artículo de revisión RESUMEN La trazodona es un antidepresivo atípico de segunda generación. Ejerce acciones inhibidoras selectivas sobre el transporte de serotonina (5-HT), pero con menor potencia que los antidepresivos selectivos de la recaptura de 5-HT. El efecto farmacológico más potente es su acción antagonista sobre los receptores 5-HT 2A y 5...

The present revision approaches the definition of the concept of stress generated by different social factors. Psychosocial stress induces diverse pathologies in human being, contributing to health perturbation. The study of the effects of psychosocial stress in the human is limited since methodological and ethical considerations; however, the obse...

The aim of the present study was to explore changes in immobility during the forced-swim test (FST) and in the firing rate of the lateral septal nucleus (LSN) during gestation (G) in the Wistar rat, Rattus norvegicus. In the latter test we also measured changes in plasma progesterone levels. In the FST we considered total time of immobility and als...

We subjected Wistar rats to the forced swim test (FST) to compare the effects of two doses of imipramine in physically stressed rats (P: unavoidable electric footshocks), emotionally stressed rats (E: odors), or non-stressed rats (C). Stress or control sessions lasted 35 days. Drug treatments began on day 21 and continued for the next 14 days. E ra...

Suicidal behavior is a complex and multifactorial phenomenon. At present, growing evidence shows the participation of biological traits in suicidality. Some findings suggest the dysfunction of the serotonin system, since serotonin and some of its receptor subtypes are involved in the modulation of such as affective behavior and cognition, among oth...

Suicidal behavior is a complex and multifactorial phenomenon. At present, growing evidence shows the participation of biological traits in suicidality. Some findings suggest the dysfunction of the serotonin system, since serotonin and some of its receptor subtypes are involved in the modulation of such as affective behavior and cognition, among oth...

La inducción al suicidio por tratamientos farmacológicos que buscan precisamente lo contrario es un punto de álgi- do debate. Los datos son concluyentes. Un estudio sueco comparó la presencia o ausencia de antidepresivos inhibidores selectivos de recaptura de serotonina (ISRSs) en el plasma de suicidas, que lo habían consumado o no de manera violen...

El suicidio es un fenómeno complejo y multifactorial. A pesar de que varios de los factores de riesgo ya han sido identificados, las bases neurobiológicas del suicidio no se han esclarecido del todo, aunque se han enfocado particularmente hacia la disfunción del sistema serotonérgico. Los primeros estudios indicaban que, en sujetos con intentos sui...

El presente trabajo aborda conceptos actuales del estrés, resaltando el de tipo social. El estrés psicosocial es un factor que predispone al desarrollo de diversas enfermedades en el ser humano cuyos efectos impactan sobre su calidad de vida y de salud. Se han identificado y diferenciado algunos de los factores sociales que producen estrés. Sin emb...

The present study was aimed to determine whether the urine from donor rats, which were physically stressed (UD-PS) by unavoidable electric footshocks, produces despair in receptor partner rats (RP) in the long-term. For each trial, an RP rat was placed during 10 min once per day for 21 days in a small non-movement-restricting cage impregnated with...

Since allopregnanolone reduces the total time of immobility in rats submitted to the forced swimming test, we decided to explore whether this neuroactive steroid shares other antidepressant-like actions, such as increasing the neuronal firing rate in the lateral septal nucleus (LSN). In order to discard the influence of the oestrous cycle on immobi...

One current problem in Public Health relates to suicide and the identification of the risk factors needs to be clarified accurately. The bases of suicide involve complex multiple factors. In a high proportion of nations, mainly in industry-developing countries, suicide is placed among the first three causes of death in groups aged from 15 to 34 yea...

One current problem in Public Health relates to suicide and the identification of the risk factors needs to be clarified accurately. The bases of suicide involve complex multiple factors. In a high proportion of nations, mainly in industry-developing countries, suicide is placed among the first three causes of death in groups aged from 15 to 34 yea...

The sensorial stimulation arising from a physically stressed (PS) subject may produce emotional stress in a witnessing partner (WP). Both members of the pair develop functional changes. We tested changes in locomotor activity (crossing) and in the defensive burying test in WP, and PS adult male Wistar rats having been submitted to a single 10 min s...

The systemic or local administration of diverse antidepressants increases the neuronal firing rate of the lateral septal nucleus (LSN), whereas some stressful situations decrease its firing rate; however, any long-lasting effect exerted by the forced swimming (FS) test (15-min pretest and 5-min test 24 h later) on the firing rate of the LSN is unkn...

In a wide sense, a palliative agent is a remedy that attenuates some symptoms associated with a disease, whereas a therapeutic agent is the one capable of curing a disease. Marihuana (Cannabis sativa) is a plant from Central Asia and its main active components (cannabinoids) are three: tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabinol and cannabidiol. They possess...

The nucleus accumbens (NAcc) function is related to locomotor activity, while the lateral septal nucleus (LSN) is related to the motivational aspects of behavior. Thus, a dopaminergic lesion of the NAcc blocks the antiimmobility effect of desipramine (DMI) and this tricyclic increases the firing rate of the LSN; however, it is unknown whether a rel...

In the present study, single-unit extracellular recording was used in male Wistar rats to compare the effects of a single dose (acute treatment) and a 21-day regimen (long-term treatment) with clomipramine (2.5 mg/kg) and fluoxetine (1.0 mg/kg) on the spontaneous firing rate of nucleus accumbens (NAcc) neurons connected with the ventral tegmental a...

En un sentido amplio, un paliativo es un remedio que mitiga los trastornos asociados a lo incurable, mientras que un agente terapéutico es aquel capaz de curar una enfermedad. La marihuana (Cannabis sativa) es una planta originaria de Asia Central y sus principales componentes activos (canabinoides) son tres: el tetrahidrocanabinol, el canabinol y...

Chemical communication through feromones is basic for intraspecific relationships. These substances are particularly important for provoking reproduction, mating, inhibition or induction of aggressive behavior, group and individual recognition, social organization, delimitation of territory, fear and stress, among other behavioral patterns. Diverse...

The administration of a relatively high dose of antidepressant drugs produces an increased neuronal firing rate of the lateral septal nucleus (LSN) in the rat and a decreased immobility in rats forced to swim. However, it is unknown whether a minimally effective low-dose 21-day treatment with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, fluoxetine,...

The brain has an enzymatic ability to biosynthesize cholesterol, which is a predecessor of all steroids. Therefore, progesterone, a gonadal steroid, is also biosynthesized in the nervous system by glial cells, and possibly by certain neuronal populations as well. Progesterone and its reduced metabolites exert a wide spectrum of biological activity...

The brain has an enzymatic ability to biosynthesize cholesterol, which is a predecessor of all steroids. Therefore, progesterone, a gonadal steroid, is also biosynthesized in the nervous system by glial cells, and possibly by certain neuronal populations as well. Progesterone and its reduced metabolites exert a wide spectrum of biological activity...

Artículo de revisión RESUMEN Los trastornos de ansiedad y depresión tienen alta prevalencia a nivel mundial y notablemente ocurre comorbilidad entre trastornos afectivos y de ansiedad con el consumo de tabaco; en efecto, quienes padecen alteraciones del estado de ánimo son más propensos al tabaquismo. El bupropión es una aminocetona monocíclica (cl...

Suicidal behavior is a complex and multifactorial phenomenon. At present, growing evidence shows the participation of biological traits in suicidality. Some findings suggest the dysfunction of the serotonin system, since serotonin and some of its receptor subtypes are involved in the modulation of such as affective behavior and cognition, among oth...