Aminu Mohammed

Bayero University, Kano · Department of Pathology

Background HIV-positive persons of African descent are disproportionately affected by chronic kidney disease (CKD). Deterioration to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) also occurs in this population at a higher frequency. There remains a lot to learn about the genetic susceptibility to CKD in HIV positive patients, and the pathophysiology of progressi...

We report a rare case of leiomyoma of the thyroid gland associated with psammoma bodies. The patient was a 9-year-old black African boy. Prior to this, only five cases of primary thyroid leiomyoma have been reported. Histologically, thyroid leiomyoma was characterised by bundles of spindle smooth muscle cells with blunt-ended nuclei. Psammoma bodie...

Objective To describe the histopathological pattern of 522 thyroidectomy specimens received at the Pathology department of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria, analyse the sex and age variations and compare with findings from previous studies done in Nigeria and elsewhere. Materials and methods We reviewed slides from paraffin embedded blo...

Verrucous (Hypertrophic) lupus erythematosus (LE) represents a rare but distinct, variant of chronic discoid lupus erythematosus. We report a case of LE with verrucous lesions for its rarity and peculiar location posing a diagnostic dilemma.

Vitiligo and other autoimmune disorders are increasingly being reported in a background of immunosuppression. Viral-induced immune activation and molecular mimicry are the proposed mechanisms for the development of autoimmune diseases in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). An association of vitiligo with Kaposi sarcoma (KS...

Idiopathic scrotal calcinosis is a rare benign disease characterized by multiple, asymptomatic and painless nodules on the scrotum. We herein report this rare disease in a Nigerian adult male and briefly review the relevant literature.

Cancer is an occasional incidental finding in nodular goiter, but there has been no formal study on this disease in our locality. To determine the occurrence of histologically diagnosed malignancy in patients who present with nodular goiters. This is a 7-year (2000-2006) retrospective study of all histologically diagnosed malignancies within nodula...

Sarcoidosis is relatively uncommon in indigenous black Africans, especially along the West African coast. There has not been any report of isolated cutaneous sarcoidosis from our center. We present a patient who was reviewed with an isolated ganglion-like subcutaneous swelling on the ankle region. Excision biopsy revealed a non caseating granulomat...

Sub-epithelial myofibroblasts are known to influence the biology (proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis) of overlying epithelia. In the intestine, myofibroblasts have been demonstrated to be essential for epithelial differentiation. It is therefore hypothesized that myofibroblasts may also be involved in intestinal metaplasia that is charact...

Ichthyosis hystrix Curth-Macklin type is a rare autosomal dominant skin disorder characterized by extensive hyperkeratosis and palmo-plantar keratoderma. It results from heterozygous frameshift mutation in keratin 1 gene (KRT1). Histological features, showing perinuclear vacuolization and binucleated cells, are similar to those of epidermolytic hyp...

Significant differences in the global distribution of salivary gland tumors have been reported, but no formal study has been carried out here in Kano, the largest city in northern Nigeria. We therefore undertook this eight-year retrospective study of all histologically diagnosed salivary neoplasms at the histopathology laboratory of our referral te...

Darier's disease is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized clinically by presence of keratotic papules in a seborrheic distribution, nail involvement and mucosal lesions. There are several clinical variants of Darier's disease, but few cases of segmental Darier's disease have been described in the literature. We describe a 12-year-old boy wit...

Krukenburg's tumour, a metastatic cancer to the ovary can pose difficulties in early diagnosis. The paucity of reports from our environment coupled with the difficulties we encountered makes it imperative that we report this case. We present a 32-year-old lady who presented with mucoid and bloody diarrhoea associated with menstrual irregularity, we...

Background : Cancer is an occasional incidental finding in nodular goitres, but there has been no formal study on this disease in our centre which is located in an endemic goitrous region. Aims and objectives: To determine the prevalence and pattern of malignant growths in multinodular goitres. Methodology : This is a seven year (2000-2006) retrosp...

Dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria (DUH) is a clinically heterogeneous disorder that shows generalized mottled pigmentation. It occurs most commonly in Japanese persons, with sporadic reports from South Africa, India, and Iraq. Histopathology reveals a variable degree of pigmentary incontinence. Although the precise etiology of this disorder is...

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the commonest disease of the urinary tract afflicting the ageing male and is the commonest neoplastic disease in men aged 50 years and above. Transurethral prostatectomy (TURP) is the ultimate treatment of choice for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) due mainly to the preference of minimally invasive surgery,...

To report a partial steroid response of xanthoma disseminatum in a black African woman. Case report and literature review. Histopathologic study of cutaneous tumour and clinical follow-up. A 32-year-old black African woman with mucocutaneous xanthomatosis and dysphonia, which partially responded to treatment with steroids. Xanthoma dissseminatum is...

Background: Proper evaluation of liver disease requires histological diagnosis of liver biopsy specimens which form the basis for rational treatment and monitoring, as well as assessment of disease severity and progression. We report the histological findings in liver biopsy specimens obtained by percutaneous blind needle biopsy in Kano, Nigeria ov...

Cancer is a major health problem in developed countries and epidemiological evidence shows the emergence of a similar tend in developing countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa where HIV/AIDS is predicted to augment the cancer burden. The present study analyses the profile of cancers recorded in the first decade (1995-2004) of establishment o...

Tuberculosis has been reported to be one of the most serious bacterial infections after transplant and occur up to 20 times more frequently in transplant recipients than in the general population. Renal transplant is available in few centers in the country and the post transplant population is increasing, but to our knowledge no case of post transp...

HIV causes immunodeficiency by infection, lyses and depletion of CD4 T-lymphocytes; hence CD4 count has become a valuable indicator of immune function in the management of HIV infection. Consequently, we evaluated baseline CD4 counts of 500 HIV seropsitive adults in a government sponsored anti-retroviral treatment (ART) scheme at our centre, for th...

Although lipomas around the head and neck region are not uncommon, giant lipomas around the neck are rare. To report the case of a long standing giant lipoma of the neck which was managed easily by simple surgical excision. A case of giant subcutaneous lipoma of the neck is reported in a 70 year old woman who presented with dragging sensation and b...

The pattern of morbidity and mortality reflects the burden of disease in a particular community. This pattern shows geographic variations between communities and countries. The knowledge of the pattern of diseases and their contribution to mortality in a given country is very important in evaluating its health care delivery system. Such knowledge i...

We investigated small arms and light weapons (SALW) in Africa by reviewing the situation in Nigeria and conducting a small study in one hospital in the country's north. Published reports about SALW in Nigeria suggest that several social, economic, and political factors have caused a marked increase in gun-related violence, including ethno-religious...

This paper describes the development of a pilot project to test the implementation of an epidemiological surveillance system for intentional (violent) and non-intentional injuries, at emergency departments in selected hospitals in five African countries applying the World Health Organization's guidelines. We outline obstacles and opportunities enco...

Lymphadenopathy is a common clinical problem here in Kano, Northern Nigeria but there has been no formal study. We therefore undertook this review to evaluate the pattern in our locality. This is a seven-year (1998-2004) retrospective review of all histologically diagnosed lymph node biopsies received at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano. Cervical...

Typhoid ileal perforation remains a serious complication of typhoid enteritis with high morbidity and mortality in many tropical countries. To determine the prognostic factors in typhoid perforation in Kano, Nigeria. Fifty-three consecutive patients with typhoid perforation managed surgically were prospectively studied at the general surgical unit...

In order to see the pattern of changes in differential serum lipid and lipoprotein fractions as a risk marker of coronary complication in paired ‘maternal—neonate’ blood samples in an iodine deficient zone, 26 pregnant women and their corresponding new born infants at term delivery from the iodine deficient Bassa region of Plateau state, Nigeria we...

Schistosomiasis remains an important health problem in many tropical countries and is being seen with increasing frequency in immigrant populations and tourists in developed countries. The pattern of organ involvement and clinical presentation of schistosomiasis in 80 patients (male: female, 9:1) during a five-year period (2001-2005) was examined f...

Glomus tumour, a relatively common lesion in Caucasians is reported to be rare in blacks. A case of glomus tumour is reported in an adult male Nigerian to highlight its distinctive clinical presentation and the literature reviewed. A 60-year old man presented with a painful skin nodule on the ventral surface of his right forearm. The pain was far i...

Background: The incidence of civilian gunshot injuries has been reported to be on the increase globally. This study was undertaken to determine the epidemiology of gunshot injuries in Kano, Northern Nigeria. Patients and Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients with gunshot injuries seen at five major government hospitals in Kano metropolis ov...

There is scarcity of information on impact of iodine deficiency on growth and development of newborns, both pre-term and term babies. The present study was carried out to see the impact of iodine deficiency (ID) on the intrauterine foetal growth and development in terms of birth weight (BW) in an African population living in an iodine deficient zon...

We undertook this study to observe the pattern of hormonal abnormalities and testicular pathology in azoospermic male Africans in Kano, Northern Nigeria. Eighty consecutive azoospermic infertile males attending fertility clinic in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, were selected for the study. Their semen were analyzed three times at eight weeks i...

Africa contains 70% of adults and 80% of children living with AIDS in the world and has buried 75% of the 21.8 million worldwide who have died of AIDS since the epidemic began. Nigeria, the most populous country in Africa, has 5.8% of her adult population having HIV infection at the end of 2003. We reviewed the causes of death among AIDS patients i...

Background: Accidents are common events in our society and have contributed significantly to causes of morbidity and mortality in most hospitals. In our environment accidents are fast becoming the commonest cause of death. Only few cases of these accidents are reported to the corona for investigation. Method: Records of deaths from January 1996- De...

With the establishment of kidney transplant centres in Nigeria and increase in the number of kidney transplant recipients returning home for follow up after successful transplant abroad, an increasing number of patients with post transplant complications are likely to be seen. There is the need for physicians vested with the care of these patients...

This is a five-year retrospective study of 32 histologically diagnosed cases of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) who had undergone HIV antibody testing at the Jos University Teaching Hospital: 13 cases (40%) were HIV-negative. Multiple lesions were more common in HIV-positive cases and affected unusual sites such as the face, oropharynx, conjuctiva, vulva and...

The effect of iodine deficiency (ID) on thyroid function in African women during pregnancy and postnatal period was examined, for which very limited information is available. Serum T(4), T(3), TSH, TBG, thyroxine binding capacity (TBK), free thyroxine index (FT(4)I=T(4)/TBK) and T(4)/TBG were determined by ELISA technique in 32 pregnant women (resi...

Several recent publications have shown a rising incidence with high morbidity and mortality of colorectal cancer amongst blacks. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiological profile of the colorectal carcinoma in our hospital, a major referral centre in northwestern Nigeria. A retrospective analysis of all histologically proven cases...

There has been a trend towards resection and primary anastomosis after on-table lavage in patients with left sided colonic emergencies. This study will analyse the outcome in our centre. Thirty-two patients underwent the operation for various lesions of the left colon and the rectum between December 1998 and December 2002. The mean age of the patie...

Background/Objectives: To determine the levels of prolactin, progesterone, follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone in infertile women in other to assess the contribution of certain endocrinopathies to infertility in the study population, and compared the performance characteristics of histological diagnosis of endometrial biopsies with...

Amyloid Goitre is a rare clinical entity associated with systemic amyloidosis. It poses a significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenge and may be confused with a neoplastic goiter. We present the case of a 20 year old male patient who presented with a rapidly enlarging goiter, several years after resolution of chronic osteomyelitis. Histologic...

Background: Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) has been established as a quick simple and accurate means of diagnosing breast lesions and offers a financially attractive alternative to open surgical biopsy. This study was undertaken to assess the value of FNAB in the evaluation of breast lumps at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, a major referral cen...

Typhoid perforation is the most important surgical complication of typhoid enteritis and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. To determine the pattern and outcome of management of typhoid perforation in Aminu Kano University Teaching Hospital, Kano. A retrospective Analysis of patients treated for typhoid perforation over a 6-year perio...

To investigate the level of neonatal chemical hypothyroidism (NCH), thyroid function was measured in the cord blood of 271 neonates in an area with a high prevalence of endemic goitre, Bassa (n = 140), and a nonendemic area, Jos (n = 131), in Plateau State, Nigeria. NCH was defined as T4 < 40 nmol/L and TSH > 49 mU/L and borderline compensated NCH...

Goiter is endemic in some parts of Nigeria. Kano is populated by people from various geographical areas. There has not been any report of thyroid gland diseases pattern in Kano, hence the need for this study. A retrospective review of 75 cases of thyroid gland diseases seen and managed at Aminu Kano Teaching hospital, Kano over a 5-year period form...

Objective: To establish the relative frequency, age distribution and histological patterns of the various gynaecological malignancies seen in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital over a 5-year period. Methodology: Data related to socio-demographic variables, clinical and histopathology findings of patients with genital malignancies seen in the hospital bet...

An unusual mode of presentation of schistosomiasis in the form of a ruptured tubal pregnancy in a previously asymptomatic 23-year-old woman is described. Histological examination of the salpingectomy specimens demonstrated Schistosoma haematobium ova.

This study was conducted to investigate the diagnostic performance characteristics of prostate specific antigen (PSA) by comparing serum PSA value with histological findings in patients suspevted of having prostate cancer in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital. Nigeria. Clinical and Laboratory records were examined and collated for serum PSA values, toget...

Background: Globally, dermatological malignancies are among the most common form of cancer but there has been no formal study in our locality. Method: This is a five year (1998-2002) retrospective review of 125 histologically diagnosed skin malignancies to document the pattern of skin cancer in Kano, the largest city in Northern Nigeria. Results: M...

Background: Acute appendicitis is a common cause of acute abdomen and clinical morbidity. Method: This retrospective study of 142 cases in 3 centers in Kano metropolis over a 5- year period was carried out to determine the pattern and outcome of management. Results: Ninety-five (66.9%) were males and 47(33.1%) were females, with a male to female ra...

Intussusception is a common surgical problem in childhood. This study was undertaken to determine the clinico-pathologic pattern of the disease in Kano. Thirty-two cases of intussusception were retrospectively studied over a 5-year. Twenty-nine (90.6%) occurred in children and 3 (9.4%) in adults. Of the 29 childhood cases, 20 (68.9%) were males and...

Malignant tumours of the bladder have been observed to be quite common in Kano but there has been no formal study. This four-year (1998 - 2001) retrospective review sought to document the pattern of these neoplasms. Vesical malignancies constituted 6.4% of all cancers in Kano with squamous (53%) and transitional (35%) carcinomas as the most common...

Histopatholgical findings in 242 lymph node biopsies received in Jos University Teaching Hospital over a 10-year period (1988-1997) were reviewed. Tuberculosis is the most predominant lesion (33.05%), followed closely by the non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (31.4%). Burkitt's lymphoma accounting for one-quarter of all the cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma had...

Diseases of the prostate are common causes of morbidity in adult males and show wide geographical and ethnic variations in incidence and mortality worldwide. It is in the light of this that records of prostatic biopsies were reviewed in retrospect at the Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano and Murtala Mohammed Hospital Kano over a 4-year period in o...

A five-year retrospective analysis of 101 homicide cases in Jos, Nigeria was carried out between 1995 and 1999. Of the total number, 47 were killed with sharp cutting or piercing instruments, 28 with firearms and 21 died from physical assaults. Five of the victims sustained fatal burn injuries. Majority of the cases (62.4%) were aged between 21 and...

Medicolegal death (MLD) is a relatively uncommon subject of study in Nigeria. This prospective review of 200 cases in Kano found the commonest cause to be road traffic accidents (48.5%) followed by homicides (34%) and natural deaths (5%). Gang violence among local youths with blunt and sharp weapons accounted for most of the homicides. MLDs most fr...

Background:Malignant melanoma is a fatal skin cancer that is curable when detected and treated early. Recent reports indicate a rising incidence globally. This study aims at identifying the pattern of this neoplasm in Jos a geographical highland area. Methods: The histology records of patients diagnosed as cases of malignant melanoma in the pathol...

Background: Non-malignant diseases of the breast have assumed increased importance in recent times because of public awareness of breast cancer. This study was carried out to look closely at benign breast lesions in Kano with a view to comparing with data from other centres in Nigeria and abroad. Method: A five-year retrospective review of all his...

Chondrolipoma of the breast is a rare mesenchymal tumour of unclear histogenesis. In this report, we present a case in an elderly female highlighting the clinical features, gross and microscopic findings and a review of the literature. (Nig J Surg Res 2001; 3: 185 – 187) KEY WORDS: Breast, Chondrolipoma

This is a report of a 56-year-old man presented to highlight the clinical features and diagnostic difficulties of Paget's disease in our environment. The patient had a four year history of intractable body pains and at different times had pathological fracture, loss of vision, conductive hearing loss, frequent intermittent anaemia requiring blood t...