Effects of Tephrosia purpurea and Momordica dioica on streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats
Abstract and Figures
Present study investigated the effects of Tephrosia purpurea (TP) and Momordica dioica (MD) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in wistar rats. Rats were divided into 12 groups (n = 6). Diabetes was induced with a single dose of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg i.p.). Day 4 of the study was considered first day of the study as administration of ethanolic extracts of TP leaves and MD fruits were started on 4th day. In protective regimen (initial 26 days of experimental period), ethanolic extract was administered orally at 200 and 400 mg/kg/day, whereas curative regimen began after 26 days and continued up to 40 days. Diabetic control group was considered as standard for comparison. Serum glucose, urea, creatinine and urine albumin levels were significantly lower in treated groups as compared to the diabetic control. Malondialdehyde was significantly (P<0.001) lowered in treated groups as compared to diabetic control group. Treated groups have shown significant increase (P<0.001) in reduced glutathione level which was reduced in diabetic control group. Change in body weight was found to be non-significant in treated groups. It was concluded that TP leaf and MD fruit extracts can provide a radical cure for drug-induced diabetic nephropathy by a reduction in renal damage.
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... Phytochemical studies on T. purpurea collected from different parts of the world have resulted in the isolation of a wide variety of flavonoids; flavones [8,9], rotenoids [10], chalcones [11], and flavanones [12]. The crude extracts and pure compounds obtained from T. purpurea have shown a wide range of biological activities including antiplasmodial [12,13], anticancer [14], antacid [15], antidiabetic [16], analgesic and anti-inflammatory [17], and hepatoprotective [18] activities, and were also shown to be applicable to treat Helicobacter pylori infection [19]. Despite the presence of several subspecies and varieties of the taxa T. purpurea, the ethnobotanical, bioactivity, and phytochemical reports available so far have not been specific on the particular subspecies and variety. ...
... flavanones [12]. The crude extracts and pure compounds obtained from T. purpurea have shown a wide range of biological activities including antiplasmodial [12,13], anticancer [14], antacid [15], antidiabetic [16], analgesic and anti-inflammatory [17], and hepatoprotective [18] activities, and were also shown to be applicable to treat Helicobacter pylori infection [19]. Despite the presence of several subspecies and varieties of the taxa T. purpurea, the ethnobotanical, bioactivity, and phytochemical reports available so far have not been specific on the particular subspecies and variety. ...
Four new flavones with modified prenyl groups, namely (E)-5-hydroxytephrostachin (1), purleptone (2), (E)-5-hydroxyanhydrotephrostachin (3), and terpurlepflavone (4), along with seven known compounds (5–11), were isolated from the CH 2 Cl 2 /MeOH (1:1) extract of the stem of Tephrosia purpurea subsp. leptostachya, a widely used medicinal plant. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric evidence. Some of the isolated compounds showed antiplasmodial activity against the chloroquine-sensitive D6 strains of Plasmodium falciparum, with (E)-5-hydroxytephrostachin (1) being the most active, IC 50 1.7 ± 0.1 µM, with relatively low cytotoxicity, IC 50 > 21 µM, against four cell-lines.
... M. dioica fruit extract possesses antidiabetic activity by increasing serum insulin, HDL and decreasing glycosylated haemoglobin and fasting blood glucose, postprandial glucose, total cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein (Singh et al., 2011). Phenolic compounds and flavonoids are responsible for reducing diabetes (Jain et al., 2014). ...
Spine gourd is popular as an emerging underutilized crop due to its various health benefits and medicinal properties. Its powder is used to form a dish called Khakra. Khakra is one of the famous dishes made out of mat bean and wheat flour, a popular dish of western India mainly in Gujarat and Rajasthan, which is used as a snack or during breakfast. During the preparation of Khakra along with whole wheat flour and Bengal gram flour, 50 % of spine gourd powder was used and evaluated for hypoglycaemic activity in STZ induced diabetic wistar rats. The oral administration of Khakra of about 5 to 10 g/rat/day was given for diabetic induced and normal rats for about 21 days and observations were recorded at 0th, 7th, 14th and 21st day for serum glucose (mg/dL), serum cholesterol (mg/dL) and serum haemoglobin (mg/dL). The Group 6 (STZ + Laboratory diet + Spine gourd Khakraat 10g/ kg body weight/day) showed significant decrease (P<0.01) in serum glucose, serum cholesterol and significant increase (P<0.01) in serum haemoglobin which was found to be dose-dependent. In case of normal rats no significant decrease in serum glucose and serum cholesterol was observed.
... The in vivo antidiabetic evidence was present in the majority (37%) of the recorded vegetable species. Momordica dioica had the most evidence(Jha et al., 2019;Rao and Mohan, 2014;Sharma and Singh, 2014;Jain et al., 2014; Ilango et al., 2009;Singh et al., 2011) ...
Diabetes affected about 537 million adults aged 20 to 79 in 2021. Higher vegetable intake helps to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thus, this research aimed to recognize and record the vegetable species currently sold in Sri Lanka's Vavuniya District. At least three fieldwork visits were made between January 2019 and January 2022 to each of the Vavuniya District's major market sites, as well as the neighboring vegetable shops and street stalls. Until June 2022, published relevant research papers were searched in the Web of Science, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases for the recorded vegetable species in this study to assess the antidiabetic scientific proof. This study recognized and recorded 72 vegetable species from 25 families. Consequently, a study of the literature on 65 vegetable species found that most of the vegetable species had in vivo (37%), followed by clinical (15%) and in vitro (14%) scientific evidence, and six antidiabetic active substances were isolated from the analyzed vegetable species. This work establishes the foundation for additional studies on the fruit species traded in Vavuniya District.
... fruit extract possesses antidiabetic activity by increasing serum insulin, HDL and decreases glycosylated haemoglobin as well as fasting blood glucose, post prandial glucose, total cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein (Singh et al., 2011). Phenolic compounds and flavonoids are responsible for reducing diabetes (Jain et al., 2014). ...
Evaluation of hypoglycaemic activity of spine gourd powder (Momordica dioica Roxb.) formulated product (Khakra) in STZ induced diabetic rats Abstract Spine gourd which is popularised as an emerging underutilized crop due to its various health benefits and medicinal properties, its powder is used in the formation of dish called Khakra. Khakra is one of the famous dish made out of mat bean and wheat flour which is a popular dish of western India mainly in Gujarat and Rajasthan which is used as a snack or during breakfast. During the preparation of Khakra along with whole wheat flour and Bengal gram flour, 50% of spine gourd powder was used and evaluated for hypoglycaemic activity in STZ induced diabetic wistar rats. The oral administration of Khakra of about 5 to 10 g/rat/day was given for diabetic induced and normal rats for about 21 days and observations were recorded at 0 th , 7 th , 14 th and 21 st day for serum glucose (mg/dL), serum cholesterol (mg/dL) and serum haemoglobin (mg/dL). The Group 6 (STZ + Laboratory diet + Spine gourd Khakra at 10g/kg body weight/day) showed significant decrease (P<0.01) in serum glucose, serum cholesterol and significant increase (P<0.01) in serum haemoglobin which was found to be dose dependent. In case of normal rats no significant decrease in serum glucose and serum cholesterol was observed
... Diabetic nephropathy is known to cause 14% of deaths due to diabetes and 40% of renal failure (11,12). Diabetes causes nephropathy with changes in both the glomerular and tubular parts of the kidneys. ...
Human proximal renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) are constantly exposed to glyco-oxidative injury due to the diabetic nephropathy. It has been reported that nanoparticles (NPs) due to their unique properties may show outstanding antioxidant activity. The influences of high glucose (HG) treatment with a concentration of 50 mM on HK-2 cells and the protective effects of synthesized gold NPs (AuNPs) by hydrothermal method were explored in terms of free radical production, and Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation. Also, the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3 at both mRNA and protein levels was evaluated by qPCR and ELISA assays, respectively followed by SIRT3 and SOD2 activity assays. It was observed that AuNPs with a diameter of about 30 nm and good colloidal stability at physiological pH attenuates HG‐induced cytotoxicity in HK-2 cells through increase in cell viability and reduction in the free radical production, AGEs formation, and expression of Bax/Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 at both mRNA and protein levels. However, 3-TYP, a SIRT3 inhibitor, significantly inhibited the inhibitory effects of AuNPs on HG‐induced cytotoxicity. This data revealed that HG concentrations induced glyco-oxidative stress in kidney cells and AuNPs could be used as promising candidates in reducing the risk of progression of diabetic nephropathy.
... Thus, new therapeutic targets and drugs are urgently needed for DN patients. It has been demonstrated that proteinuria is the major biochemical feature and important risk factor for the progression of DN (18). The glomerular filtration barrier (GFB), composed of three major layers, plays a key role in proteinuria in DN (19). ...
Background:
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Podocyte epithelial-esenchymal transformation (EMT) induced by the activated Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays a key role in DN. Tang-Shen-Ning (TSN), a Chinese herbal formula, has been shown to decrease proteinuria and protect the renal function in DN. However, the effect of TSN on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and podocyte EMT is unclear.
Methods:
TSN was orally administrated in KK-Ay mice for 4 weeks, at a daily dose of 20 g/kg body weight in our in vivo study. Rat serum containing TSN was added in podocyte cultured in high glucose for 24 h. The levels of 24 h urine protein, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were detected by ELISA. Nephrin, Synaptopodin, P-cadherin, desmin, FSP-1, and collagen I protein and mRNA expressions were detected by western blot, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and RT-PCR. Snail, β-catenin, and TCF/LEF were detected by Western blot, RT-PCR and luciferase.
Results:
TSN significantly decreased 24-h urine protein, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen in DN mice. Further, TSN also significantly increased the expression of nephrin, synaptopodin, and P-cadherin, while the expression of desmin, fibroblast-specific protein 1 (FSP-1), and collagen I of podocytes was significantly decreased. Moreover, TSN significantly inhibited the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in podocytes cultured under high glucose (HG). Notably, the effect of TSN on podocyte EMT was reversed by activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
Conclusions:
TSN could protect podocytes from injury in DN, partly via inhibiting the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and ameliorating podocyte EMT.
... All extracts were qualitative screened for detection of various chemical constituents by using different chemical tests (Jain et al., 2014;Jhariya et al., 2015 Ethanolic ). extract of seeds was selected for 5%w/w Lens culinaris ointment preparation using simple ointment base B.P. Ointment prepared by fusion method containing each fatty ingredient e.g. ...
... La producción avícola ha tenido un crecimiento exponencial desde 1961 debido a la organización gremial, los avances tecnológicos y el consumo per cápita (Díaz, 2017), y para sostener la producción; es necesario diversificar las alternativas de alimentación (Betancourt et al., 2017). El presente estudio buscó evaluar la calidad del huevo de acuerdo a parámetros físicos y porcentaje de producción en aves de postura, incluyendo una suplementación con Tephrosia purpurea (L.); que es una planta arbustiva de la familia de las fabáceas introducida a Colombia por Cenicafé; es originaria de Asia y contiene alcaloides, flavonoides, entre otras sustancias que promueven la buena salud, por ende es utilizada en la medicina natural para el tratamiento de diversas enfermedades (Nile et al., 2014); su aceite resulta esencial en la actividad larvicida (Arriaga et al., 2014), se implementa como abono verde por su capacidad simbiótica con micorrizas que fijan nitrógeno al suelo (Thilakarathna et al., 2016), y en diversos estudios en la prevención de enfermedades como la nefropatía diabética (Jain et al., 2014). ...
The poultry industry is a sector with constant growth (2-4%) for the economic
ease of obtaining animal protein, so it is necessary to be more competitive (reduce costs
or improve quality). The objective of the study was to evaluate diets with Tephrosia
purpurea (L.) in laying hens Isa Brown. An experimental treatment with progressive
percentage of flour of Tephrosia purpurea (L.) in 10 hens and a control with normal
feeding (commercial concentrate) to 10 hens was carried out, during eight weeks, at
the end 10 eggs were chosen at random from each group of hens, to perform physical
analysis. For the analysis of the information, the results were subjected to an analysis
of the variance with the Fisher test <0,05, significant differences were found (<0,05)
between both groups, where the weight in Group 1 (G1) (66,16 g) increased 2,05% with
respect to weight in Group 2 (G2) (64,83 g); thickness in the eggshell in G1 (0,69 mm)
improved by 40,81% compared to G2 (0,49 mm). Also, the pigmentation in the yolk of
the egg showed a more intense coloration in G1 with respect to G2, improving consumer
acceptance. In this sense, the results suggest that Tephrosia purpurea (L.) could be used
as a dietary supplement in laying hens to improve egg quality parameters.
... Irreversible complications of diabetes are the result of end products of non-enzymatic glycation, which, due to changes in the composition of biomolecules, such as albumin, collagen and hemoglobin, provides the basis for some complications such as atherosclerosis, nephropathy and retinopathy (4). Diabetic kidney complications are known as diabetic nephropathy, leading to a progressive decline in renal function, and ultimately a complete inability of the organ (5). Diabetic nephropathy is known to cause over 14% of mortality due to diabetes and 40% of kidney failure (6). ...
Chronic complications of diabetes mellitus are directly related to high blood glucose levels.
Increasing blood glucose results in non-enzymatic glucose binding to proteins inside and
outside the cell. Several biochemical and molecular factors such as increased blood glucose,
oxidative stress, increased concentrations of ultimate glycosylated products, inflammation
can affect nephropathy. Metformin is another treatment for diabetes which mainly used
as the first treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Insulin is a peptide hormone
produced by pancreatic beta cells and plays a major role in regulating carbohydrate and fat
metabolism in the body
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antihyperglycemic and antilipidperoxidative effects of ethanolic seed extract
ofTephrosia purpurea (TpEt) in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Hyperglycemia associated with an altered hexokinase and glucose 6 phosphatase
activities, elevated lipid peroxidation, disturbed enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants status were observed in streptozotocin
induced diabetic rats. Oral administration of “TpEt” at a dose of 300mg/kg bw showed significant antihyperglcemic and antilipidperoxidative
effects as well as increased the activities of enzymatic antioxidants and levels of non enzymatic antioxidants. We also noticed
that the antihyperglycemic effect of plant drug (TpEt) was comparable to that of the reference drug glibenclamide. Our results
clearly indicate that “TpEt” has potent antihyperglycemic and antilipidperoxidative effects in streptozotocin induced diabetic
rats and therefore further studies are warranted to isolate and characterize the bioactive antidiabetic principles from “TpEt”.
Two new aliphatic constituents, characterized as 6-methyl tritriacont-5-on-28-ol and 8-methyl hentriacont-3-ene, have been isolated for the first time form the fruit rind of Momordica dioica along with the known sterol pleuchiol. Momodicaursenol, an unknown pentacyclic triterpene isolated from the seeds, has been identified as urs-12, 18(19)-dien-3β-ol on the basis of spectral data analyses and chemical means.
Objective: To study the antiulcer activity of aqueous extract of roots of Tephrosia purpurea (AETP) using different models of gastric and duodenal ulceration in rats. Methods: Antiulcer activity of AETP was studied in rats in which gastric ulcers were induced by oral administration of ethanol or 0.6 M HCI or indomethacin or by pyloric ligation and duodenal ulcers were induced by oral administration of cysteamine HCI. AETP was administered in the dose of 1 to 20 mg/kg orally 30 min prior to ulcer induction. The antiulcer activity was assessed by determining and comparing the ulcer index in the test drug group with that of the vehicle control group. Gastric total acid output and pepsin activity were estimated in the pylorus ligated rats. Omeprazole was used as a reference drug. Results: The ulcer index in the AETP treated animals was found to be significantly less in all the models compared to vehicle control animals. This antiulcer property was more prominent in animals in whom ulcers were induced by HCI, indomethacin and pyloric ligation. Omeprazole (8 mg/kg) produced a significant gastric and duodenal ulcer protection when compared with the control group. The anti-ulcer activity of AETP was however, less than that of Omeprazole. Conclusion: Our results suggest that AETP possesses significant antiulcer property which could be either due to cytoprotective action of the drug or by strengthening of gastric and duodenal mucosa and thus enhancing mucosal defence.
Aim The objective of this study was to verify the claim and evaluate the antidiabetic activity of the fruits of M. dioica by preparing the various organic extracts and the resultant extracts screening for the antidiabetic activity to track the activity. Methods The chloroform, ethyl acetate and alcohol extracts of M. dioica fruits were made and subjected for phytochemical screening and tested for their anti-diabetic activity in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Results Phytochemical screening showed positive test for steroids and/or triterpenoids (CHCl 3 extract), steroids and/or triterpenoids and their glycosides (EtoAc extract), steroids and/or triterpenoids and their glycosides (EtOH extract). The ethyl acetate and ethanol have shown significant anti-diabetic activity at a dose of 200 mg/kg, p.o. Conclusions The study results suggested that M. dioica fruits possess potential anti-diabetic activity.