Allan Kardec Ribeiro Galardo

A vigilância entomológica pode ser definida como: “[...] a contínua observação e avaliação de informações originadas das características biológicas e ecológicas dos vetores, dos níveis das interações com hospedeiros humanos e animais reservatórios, sob a influência de fatores ambientais, que proporcionem o conhecimento para detecção de qualquer mud...

O controle de vetores pode diminuir a transmissão do agravo por meio da redução da população do vetor, diminuição do tempo de vida e da prevenção da picada e alimentação 1. Com relação aos mosquitos, o controle populacional vem evoluindo ao longo dos séculos, à medida que estudos foram intensificados e demonstraram a importância da relação entre mo...

Entomological research is vital for shaping strategies to control mosquito vectors. Its significance also reaches into environmental management, aiming to prevent inconveniences caused by non-vector mosquitoes like the Mansonia Blanchard, 1901 mosquito. In this study, we carried out a five-year (2019–2023) monitoring of these mosquitoes at ten site...

Background Aedes aegypti is associated with dengue, Zika, and chikungunya transmission. These arboviruses are responsible for national outbreaks with severe public health implications. Vector control is one of the tools used to prevent mosquito proliferation, and SumiLarv® 2MR is an alternative commercial product based on pyriproxyfen for larval/pu...

Insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti is a major threat to the control of this mosquito species that transmits viruses that cause diseases like dengue, Zika, and chikungunya. One type of resistance is caused by alterations in the Na v gene, known as kdr mutations. In Brazil, different kdr haplotypes are present in Ae. aegypti and they may impede...

Background Most cases of malaria in Brazil are concentrated in the Amazon region. One of the vector control alternatives recommended by the WHO is the long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN). This tool is used in the nine federal states of the Brazilian Legal Amazon, where LLINs are essential for reducing vector density and disease transmission as the...

Rhodnius amazonicus has been previously reported in the Brazilian states of Amazonas and Pará, as well as in French Guiana. However, this is the first recorded presence of this species in Amapá, which is situated in the northern region of Brazil. The specimen was collected from a house in the rural area of the municipality of Porto Grande. Other tr...

Mansonia are aggressive mosquito species that are abundant in aquatic ecosystems where the macrophyte plants occur. These mosquitoes are commonly found across the Amazon/Solimões River basin. However, little is known about the oviposition behavior of these species. In the present study, we registered observations on the oviposition activity of 3 sp...

Background The vector species in the Amazon River Basin are regionally and locally diverse, which makes it imperative to understand and compare their roles in malaria transmission to help select appropriate methods of intervention and evaluation. The major aim of this study was to measure the vectorial capacity of five Anopheles species in three ne...

Malaria vector mosquitoes belong to the genus Anopheles Meigen. The Amazon has been changing due to economic activities such as mining, logging, agriculture, and urbanization, leading to changes in malaria transmission patterns in this region. Therefore, this study aimed to survey Anopheles species in a peri-urban area of Macapá, state of Amapá, Ea...

Mansonia (Diptera: Culicidae) are known to cause discomfort to the local populations of Amazon. Considering the fact that the effective control of these mosquitoes can only be obtained by understanding their ecology and behavior, entomological monitoring becomes essential. In view of this, mosquitoes of the genus Mansonia were collected by human la...

New investigations using ovitraps showed its presence the Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894) in four neighborhoods in the metropolitan region of Macapa, capital of Amapa, Brazil. An Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) Infestation Index Rapid Survey (LIRAa) held in January 2020 indicated the presence of Ae. albopictus in 10 different neighborhoods, demonstra...

Os flebotomíneos são insetos pertencentes à família Psychodidae e subfamília Phlebotominae e são popularmente conhecidos como “mosquitos palha”. As fêmeas se alimentam de sangue com algumas poucas espécies antropófagas, e este hábito alimentar torna os flebotomíneos importantes transmissores de protozoários parasitas, como por exemplo, o Leishmania...

The rapid and economical monitoring of mosquitos is imperative to understanding the dynamics of both disease vectors and nuisance species. In light of technological advances in mosquito sampling and DNA sequencing, health agencies can now utilize the full potential of metabarcoding pipelines for rapid and standardizable surveillance. Here, we descr...

A practical limitation to many metabarcoding initiatives is that sampling methods tend to collect many non-target taxa, which become “amplicon noise” that can saturate Next Generation Sequencing results and lead to both financial and resource inefficiencies. An available molecular tool that can significantly decrease these non-target amplicons and...

Abstract Background Malaria is a public health problem in the Brazilian Amazon region. In integrated vector management for malaria (anopheline) control, indoor residual spraying (IRS) represents one of the main tools in the basic strategy applied in the Amazonian states. It is essential to understand the residual efficacy of insecticides on differe...

We report the first record of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in the state of Amapá, northern Brazil. Two female specimens were collected from a Shannon trap in the locality of Ilha de Santana, municipality of Santana, Amapá. The occurrence of the species was confirmed with the installation of ten ovitraps. Aedes albopictus is a species of ep...

Trichophoromyia iorlandobaratai sp. n. Vasconcelos dos Santos, Santos Neto, Sánchez Uzcátegui & Galardo is described and illustrated on the basis of male specimens collected in the municipality of Itaituba, Pará State, Brazilian Amazonia. This species can be differentiated from other morphologically similar species within Trichophoromyia by means o...

Here, we describe the development of the MosqTent, an innovative double-chamber mosquito trap in which a human being attracts mosquitoes while is protected from being bitten within the inner chamber of the trap, while mosquitoes are lured to enter an outer chamber where they are trapped. The MosqTent previously collected an average of 3,000 anophel...

Malaria remains one of the most important public health problems in Brazil. The construction of large dams generates economic and social benefits and improves the quality of life of the population; however, it creates a great environmental impact, which may affect human health. This study aimed to prevent negative environmental impacts and to enhan...

INTRODUCTION: The present note discusses some evidence on the increasing potential risk for American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) transmission in the Northern Brazilian State of Amapá, the Guianan-Amazon biome. METHODS Early and present data about AVL were collected, including our recent entomological findings. RESULTS: The spread of the sand fly...

Salivary gland polytene chromosomes of 4th instar Anopheles darlingi Root were examined from multiple locations in the Brazilian Amazon. Minor modifications were made to existing polytene photomaps. These included changes to the breakpoint positions of several previously described paracentric inversions and descriptions of four new paracentric inve...

During 2012–2015, an entomological survey was conducted as part of a phlebotomine (Diptera: Psychodidae) monitoring program in an area influenced by the Santo Antônio do Jari hydroelectric system (Amapá State, Brazil). The purpose was to study aspects of Amazon/Guianan American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) vectors subjected to stresses by anthropo...

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the susceptibility of Anopheles darlingi Root (1926) and Anopheles marajoara Galvão & Damasceno (1942) to pyrethroids used by the National Malaria Control Program in Brazil. Methods: Mosquitoes from Amapá, Brazilian Amazon, were assessed for resistance to cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and alpha-cypermethr...

Introduction: An entomological study was conducted as part of a vector-monitoring program in the area associated with the Santo Antônio hydroelectric system in State of Rondônia, Western Amazonian Brazil. Methods: Fourteen sampling sites were surveyed to obtain data on the potential vectors of Leishmania spp. in the area. Sand flies were collected...

The mosquito Aedes aegypti, vector of dengue, chikungunya and yellow fever viruses, is an important target of vector control programs in tropical countries. Most mosquito surveillance programs are still based on the traditional household larval surveys, despite the availability of new trapping devices. We report the results of a multicentric entomo...

Background Complexes of cryptic species are common in several taxa and this is also the case in the Anopheles genus, a group including all known human malaria vectors. The Anopheles albitarsis complex comprises at least nine cryptic species, some of which are implicated as vectors of human malaria. Several different types of data have been generate...

Currently, sticky traps are regularly employed to assist in the surveillance of Aedes aegypti infestation. We tested two alternative procedures for specimen identification performed by local health agents: directly in the field, as recommended by certain manufacturers, or after transportation to the laboratory. A total of 384 sticky traps (MosquiTR...

Introdução: Ao comparar o ano de 2012 em relação à 2011 houve redução de 22.9% nos casos de malária em Oiapoque, contudo, ainda assim, foram notificados 2838 casos em 2013 refletindo o IPA de 92,5 casos/1000 habitantes, indicando alto risco de transmissão da doença. Assim, este estudo objetivou descrever a fauna anofélica que ocorre no município de...

O presente estudo registra a ocorrência de Lutzomyia longipalpis, o mais importante vetor biológico do agente causador da Leishmaniose Visceral Americana (LVA), no município de Ferreira Gomes, estado do Amapá, Brasil. O presente levantamento entomológico ocorre nas localidades denominadas Sítio Cristo Redentor e Sítio Família Bianchi. Os flebotomín...

Nightly biting cycles of malaria vectors in a heterogeneous transmission area of eastern Amazonian Brazil

The biting cycle of anopheline mosquitoes is an important component in the transmission of malaria. Inter- and intraspecific biting patterns of anophelines have been investigated using the number of mosquitoes caught over time to compare general tendencies in host-seeking activity and cumulative catch. In this study, all-night biting catch data fro...

The nine countries sharing the Amazon forest accounted for 89% of all malaria cases reported in the Americas in 2008. Remote sensing can help identify the environmental determinants of malaria transmission and their temporo-spatial evolution. Seventeen studies characterizing land cover or land use features, and relating them to malaria in the Amazo...

Introduction: Use of a Bacillus sphaericus based mosquito larvicide was evaluated as an intervention for malaria vector control at a mining site in Amapá, Brazil. Impacts on larval and adult densities of the primary vector Anopheles darlingi were measured over the course of a 52 week study period. Methods: In Calçoene, State of Amapá, gold minin...

Acta Tropica j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w . e l s e v i e r . c o m / l o c a t e / a c t a t r o p i c a Development of PCR–RFLP assay for the discrimination of Plasmodium species and variants of P. vivax (VK210, VK247 and P. vivax-like) in Anopheles mosquitoes a b s t r a c t The identification of Plasmodium species in Anopheles mosquito...

The identification of Plasmodium species in Anopheles mosquitoes is an integral component of malaria control programs. We developed a new assay to identify Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium malariae, and Plasmodium vivax variants. Specific primers were designed to hybridize to CS gene-specific regions. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restrictio...

Three communities separated by 1.5-7.0 km, along the Matapí River, Amapá State, Brazil, were sampled monthly from April 2003 to November 2005 to determine relationships between seasonal abundance of host-seeking anophelines, rainfall and malaria cases. Out of the 759 821 adult female anophelines collected, Anopheles darlingi Root (Diptera: Culicida...

Nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) rDNA and partial sequences of the cytochrome coxidase subunit I (COI) mtDNA and white gene nDNA were obtained from specimens of Anopheles nuneztovari A collected in Macapá (state of Amapá), Obidos, Prainha and Almeirim (state of Pará), Itacoatiara and Parintins (state of Amazonas), Br...

Identification of Anopheles nuneztovari Gabaldón and An. goeldii Rozeboom and Gabaldón based on the male genitalia traits is discussed. An. goeldii is in the synonymy of An. nuneztovari, however, characters of the aedeagus of male genitalia distinguish both species. We hypothesize that An. goeldii may be a valid species, however, further studies us...

Vector incrimination studies were conducted from April 2003 to February 2005 at three riverine villages 1.5 km to 7.0 km apart, along the Matapi River, Amapa State, Brazil. A total of 113,117 mosquitoes were collected and placed in pools of <or=7 mosquitoes (19,883 pools) and tested for species-specific circumsporozoite protein (CSP) of P. falcipar...

Hosts of blood-fed anophelines (Diptera: Culicidae) were determined in three riverine villages, 1.5-7.0 km apart, along the Matapí River, Amapá state, Brazil, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay midgut analysis for IgG of common vertebrates. Anopheles marajoara Galvão & Damsceno and Anopheles darlingi Root had higher human blood indices (HBI) than...

Field evaluation of a ‘lethal ovitrap’ (LO) to control dengue vector Aedes mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae), was undertaken in two Brazilian municipalities, Areia Branca and Nilopolis, in the State of Rio de Janeiro. The LO is designed to kill Aedes via an insecticide-treated ovistrip (impregnated with deltamethrin). In each municipality, the interv...

Chemical insecticides have been widely used in Brazil for several years. This exposes mosquito populations to an intense selection pressure for resistance to insecticides. In 1999, the Brazilian National Health Foundation started the first program designed to monitor the resistance of Aedes aegypti to insecticides. We analyzed populations from 10 m...