Alfred Uchman

Jagiellonian University | UJ · Institute of Geological Sciences

Late Glacial and Holocene stabilized inland dunes of the European Sand Belt in eastern and central Poland are intensively bioturbated below recent soils and buried palaeosols. In the recent subsoil, a layer of massive, totally bioturbated sand (23–97 cm thick, mean 47 cm) with usually poorly visible bioturbation structures is present. It transits i...

Taxonomy is a dynamic and evolving scientific field in biological and paleontological research, which describes and systematises species and other taxa and thus lays the foundation to solve and structure biological questions. The study of past (fossil) and modern (present) seafloor traces holds huge potential for understanding the composition, beha...

Supplementary Material: Lebensspuren Catalogue. This catalogue is part of the article (i.e., Supplementary Data): Miguez-Salas, O., Przeslawski, R., Rodriguez-Tovar, F.J., Uchman, A., Bett, B.J., Durden, J.M. and Riehl, T., Marine lebensspuren: improving the classification of seafloor traces from underwater imagery and observations. Frontiers in Ma...

For over ten years, the Lower to Upper Tithonian boundary beds cropping out in the Owadów-Brzezinki quarry have yielded numerous fossils of ammonites, bivalves, brachiopods, xiphosurans, decapods, insects, and vertebrates-including actinopterygian fishes and various reptiles and others, all of which exhibit fine preservation of their anatomical det...

Bioeroded carbonate clasts from a Pliocene shallow-marine succession of Almería (SE Spain, Betic Cordillera) were analysed with computed tomography (CT). This revealed the detailed 3D architecture of bioerosion structures hidden within and allowed for their ichnotaxonomic identification (14 ichnospecies of 5 ichnogenera) and quantification. Borings...

A new trace fossil Macroterebella hoffmanni nov. igen., nov. isp. occurs in Oxfordian and Aptian limestones of Romania, in the Central Dobrogea and the Rarău Mountains, respectively. It is a tubular, branched, and winding burrow (5–14 mm in diameter) displaying a thick wall (0.8–2 mm) with a micropeloidal texture. The Dobrogea burrows contain abund...

Buried paleosols documented in Polish aeolian dunes comprise predominantly Arenosols and only occasionally well-developed Podzols. Occurrences of fossil Podzols found in 10 inland dune sites dispersed throughout central and eastern Poland share similar pedological properties, geomorphological setting , and age in the 5-15 th century AD range of the...

Drilling for the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) Early Jurassic Earth System and Timescale project (JET) was undertaken between October 2020 and January 2021. The drill site is situated in a small-scale synformal basin of the latest Triassic to Early Jurassic age that formed above the major Permian-Triassic half-graben...

The results of recently conducted integrated ichnological-sedimentological studies of the Paleocene-Lower Eocene deposits in the central part of the Achara-Trialeti Fold-and-Thrust Belt and in particular within the Borjomi canyon are presented. Three sections containing trace fossils have been investigated, i.e. the Papa, Ardagani 1 (Paleocene) and...

Five day field trip focused on Mesozoic and Cenozoic development of the Outer (Flysch) and Inner (Pieniny Klippen Belt) Carpathians in Polish, Slovak and Czech parts of this orogen. All localities and their regional and European context are connected with Alpine-Carpathians-Dinaridic-Hellenidic-etc-etc-Himalayas recent structures and paleogeographi...

The timeframes of Holocene anthropogenic dune remobilization in Central Europe remain less studied compared to those of Late Glacial climatically controlled dune formation. The present contribution aims to reinforce existing knowledge on the chronology of Late Glacial–Holocene dune activity and stability, as well as to reveal the scale of human imp...

The paleopedological record documented in aeolian dunes of the eastern European Sand Belt comprises predominantly Arenosols and only occasionally well-developed Podzols. There are several Late Pleistocene pedostratigraphic marker horizons of varied soil types designated in the European dune and loess deposits, but none falls within the range of the...

Horizontal helical trace fossils constitute a characteristic burrow architectural design, but their ichnotaxonomy requires some clarification. In this paper, we review and revise this taxonomy on the basis of collections and data from the literature. Helicorhaphe is included in Helicodromites because its type ichnospecies displays the same morpholo...

Geolycosa vultuosa (C. L. Koch, 1838) (Lycosidae) is a large, deeply burrowing spider, occurring from south-eastern Europe to Central Asia. This species is found in a mountain pasture on Dajti Mountain in the Tirana district. The structure of the burrow and burrowing ecology of G. vultuosa are discussed in comparison to those seen in other species...

The Cardigan Bay Basin (UK) may have functioned as a narrow, deep strait, and influenced Early Jurassic oceanic circulation through the northern and southern Laurasian Seaway and, in general, between the Boreal and Peri-Tethys domains. Toarcian hemipelagic deposits of the basin in the Mochras borehole show strongly bioturbated contourite facies. Tr...

Disc- and cylindrical-shaped clasts of fine- grained calcareous and ferruginous rock, each with a centraltunnel, occur in shallow marine brackish Miocene sandy deposits of the Egyházasgerge Formation in Hungary. Previously, these have been interpreted as enigmatic biogenic (?) structures. After field and laboratory examina tion and comparisons with...

Bedding planes and vertical sections of many sedimentary rock formations reveal bioturbation structures, including burrows, produced by diverse animal taxa at different rates and durations. These variables are not directly measurable in the fossil record, but neoichnological observations and experiments provide informative analogues. Comparable to...

Biotic interactions (e.g., predation, competition, commensalism) where organisms directly or indirectly influenced one another are of great interest to those studying the history of life but have been difficult to ascertain from fossils. Considering the usual caveats about the temporal resolution of paleontological data, traces and trace fossils in...

O turismo subaquático em Santa Maria é uma das vertentes do turismo de Natureza sustentável com maior sucesso nesta ilha do Arquipélago dos Açores. Lugares como a “Baixa do Ambrósio” e as suas jamantas (entre outros grandes pelágicos), a “Pedrinha” e os peixes e grandes “leques” bivalves da espécie Pinna rudis (Linnaeus, 1758) que aí se avistam, ou...

Structures previously suggested to be footprints or tracks, but which have been little described, were observed within Quaternary inland dunes of the European Sand Belt. Excavation of these in several localities of the eastern part of the belt in Poland reveal that they are hoofprints of various ungulate mammals, both wild and domestic, as well as...

Many ecosystems today in temperate zones are the result of colonization of barren substrates deposited or exposed as a result of deglaciation, around the start of the Holocene. Direct evidence of post-glacial colonization, in the form of life traces such as tracks and burrows, is typically rare and erased by later succession unless buried deeply wi...

Pindos foreland basin in western Greece is a tectonic depression that lodges about 2500 meters of Upper Eocene to Lower Oligocene sub-marine fan deposits. The stratigraphic analysis documents an upward transition from abyssal plain to outer and eventually to inner fan deposits suggesting progradation of the submarine fan system and progressive infi...

The earwigs, Dermaptera, are a group of insects which have been present since the Mesozoic. They have a relatively sparse fossil record, yet their life activities on and in soil or sediment leave traces with the potential for long-term preservation. These may include some burrows seen in Quaternary dunes and other sandy substrates. The well-known,...

The first recognition of a tracemaker responding to a temporary shift in the redox boundary is recognized. This is recorded by a new trace fossil, Sursumichnus orbicularis igen. et isp. nov., which is established for mound-like structures on the upper surfaces of sandstone beds from the Borjomi Flysch (upper Paleocene–lower Eocene) in the Lesser Ca...

ÁVILA S.P., R.S. RAMALHO, C.M. DA SILVA, M.E. JOHNSON, A. UCHMAN, B. BERNING, R. QUARTAU, P. MADEIRA, C.S. MELO, A.C. REBELO, L. BAPTISTA, S. ARRUDA, E. GONZÁLEZ, M.W. RASSER, A. HIPÓLITO, R. CORDEIRO, R. MEIRELES, V. RAPOSO, J. POMBO, R. CÂMARA, M.X. KIRBY, J. TITSCHACK, J.M. HABERMANN, R. VULLO, A. KROH, J.H. LIPPS, M. CACHÃO & J. MADEIRA, 2022....

Megagrapton Ksiazkiewicz, 1968 is a character is tic deep-sea trace fossil belonging to the group of graphoglyptids and mostly pre served as a net work of irregular meshes in hypichnial semirelief. So far, eleven ichnospecies have been distinguished un der this ichnogenus, though commonly on weak evidence. The so-far poorly known ichnospecies Megag...

This paper describes the ichnology and sedimentology of the middle Berriasian sedimentary succession of the Sidi Khalif Formation outcropping in Jebel Meloussi, Central Tunisia. The succession records deltaic progradation above outer shelf deposits and shows the vertical stacking of thickening and coarsening-upward parasequences dominated by hummoc...

Trace fossils and lithofacies have been studied for the first time in the Numidian Formation (Upper Oligocene – Lower Miocene) of the Ouarsenis Mountains in Algeria to interpret their depositional environment. Twenty-two ichnogenera have been recognized in eight lithofacies of three main facies associations in four representative sections. Distribu...

The Frasnian carbonate-siliciclastic deposits of the Stipinai Formation exposed in two quarries at Petrašiūnai and Klovainiai (northern Lithuania) show considerable vertical facies changes. The lower part of this succession is dominated by argillaceous dolomitic facies with subordinate fine siliciclastic deposits. They display haloturbation and bio...

Relatively diverse trace fossils made by insects, other arthropods and oligochaete worms occur in the Miocene lacustrine and marginal lacustrine deposits of the Calatayud-Teruel basin (NE Spain). They include the ichnospecies Celliforma isp., Celliforma? isp. A and B, Celliforma? aff. habari, Rosellichnus cf. arabicus, Spongeliomorpha isp., Labyrin...

Polykampton recurvum n. isp. is the sixth ichnospecies of the ichnogenus Polykampton Ooster, 1869. It is a horizontal structure composed of a median cylindrical tunnel and narrow, usually back-curved lateral lobes located in alternating position. It occurs 2–3 cm below the top of single beds in the Maastrichtian–Paleocene deep-sea turbiditic marlst...

Auch nach mehreren Jahrzehnten der Erforschung wartet die egerische Transgressionsabfolge von Unterrudling bei Eferding (Oberösterreich), welche den Übergang der Flachwasserablagerungen der Linz-Melk Formation zu den Tiefwassersedimenten der Eferding Formation (EF) umfasst, noch mit Überraschungen auf. So war kurzzeitig eine Schicht in der siltig-t...

An uncommonly continuous Lower Jurassic (uppermost Sinemurian and Pliensbachian) section (Llanbedr (Mochras Farm) Borehole, Cardigan Bay Basin, UK) comprises hemipelagic calcareous mudstone, wackestone/siltstone and subordinate packstone/sandstone. Some beds show bigradational grading, and their sedimentary structures are typical of contourite drif...

Remarkably regular load structures are recognized in the late Vistulian (~15 ka BP) fluvial deposits exposed at the Gołąb site (eastern Poland). A mud layer, sandwiched between non‐deformed sand, exhibits the unusual morphology of a 3D sine wave with parallel crests and troughs. Such structures are reported for the first time, remarkably differing...

The paleoenvironmental and paleogeographic development of the Norwegian–Greenland seaway remains poorly understood, despite its importance for the oceanographic and climatic conditions of the Paleocene–Eocene greenhouse world. Here we present analyses of the sedimentological and paleontological characteristics of Paleocene–Eocene deposits (between...

The North Alpine Foreland Basin (NAFB) comprises one of the most complete sedimentary records of the Oligocene and Miocene. Driven by global sea-level fluctuations, vast sedimentary influx and tectonic movement. The locality of Unterrudling near Eferding (Upper Austria) exposes the largest succession of sedimentary deposits from the late Oligocene...

Located on the northern coast of Santa Maria Island (Azores Archipelago, central North Atlantic), the Lagoinhas section preserves a carbonate buildup correlated with Marine Isotope Substage (MIS) 5e, the warmest interval of the Last Interglacial. The buildup is formed mainly by crustose coralline algae (CCA) identified as Spongites sp., and some su...

Appendix A List of dinoflagellate cyst taxa and Palambages morulosa arranged in alphabetical order (Dinoflagellate cyst biostratigraphy of Upper Cretaceous turbiditic deposits from a part of the Bąkowiec section in the Skole Nappe (Outer Carpathians, southern Poland)

In this study, the early Pliocene palaeoenvironmental context of the Mediterranean Almería-Níjar Basin (SE Spain) is analysed using benthic foraminifera, with special focus on environmental conditions after the Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC). A deep upper-slope setting (274 m water depth), with high oxygen levels and low organic matter fluxes, is...

Dinoflagellate cysts from turbiditic deposits of the Ropianka Formation in an interval of the Bąkowiec section (Skole Nappe, Outer Carpathians, southern Poland) have been analyzed. This interval, previously attributed to the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary transition based on planktic and benthic foraminifera, contains organic-walled dinoflagellate c...

Pliocene body fossils from Santa Maria Island, Azores, have been studied for decades, but only more recently have ichnofossils received their due attention. Calcareous Pliocene deposits from the Baía de Nossa Senhora section contain numerous, diverse, well-preserved natural casts of invertebrate borings. The study of this type of fossils adds to kn...

Only exceptionally, grains larger than 2–3 mm are involved in dune-forming processes. In 16 Late Glacial – Early Holocene inland dunes deposits from three regions of the northern and central Poland, beds, layers, laminae and lenses containing extra-large grains, up to 20.5x12.5x11 mm in the longest axes, are present. Occurrences of the extra-large...

The presence of crustacean decapods in the Pliocene and Pleistocene (MIS 5e) fossil record of Santa Maria Island (Azores Archipelago) is herein reviewed. Our study raises the number of fossil crabs from this island from one species to ten taxa (3 for the Pliocene and 7 for the Last Interglacial). Five out of these ten taxa are reported for the firs...

Considerable studies of the univoltine, common field-cricket Gryllus campestris Linnaeus, 1758, known from sunny oligotrophic grasslands and heathlands of the western Palaearctic, were previously made, but none of them has shown the characteristics of its burrows. This paper presents a neoichnological study based on a group of G. campestris that li...

Four brachiopod species, i.e. Erymnaria bolcensis (Massalongo, 1850), Gryphus cf. minor (Philippi, 1836), Terebratulina tenuistriata (Leymerie, 1846), and Megathiris detruncata (Gmelin, 1791) have been identified in the Oligocene deposits of NW Italy. The species G. cf. minor and T. tenuistriata dominate in the studied material. This is the first r...

The Tremadocian‐to‐Floian siliciclastic deposits of the Shirgesht Formation in the Kalmard Block of central Iran show abundant occurrences of the mid‐tier Trichophycus venosus, a common ichnotaxon in the archetypical Cruziana ichnofacies. This trace fossil records a considerable increase in exploitation of offshore infaunal ecospace in comparison w...

A new ichnogenus and ichnospecies, Segmentichnus mohri, is recognized in the lower Carboniferous deep-sea Culm facies deposits in the southern Germany. The trace fossil is an unusually large, horizontal, tubular burrow with primary successive branching and transverse annulation with ring-like, slightly irregular swellings, without wall, preserved i...

The Tremadocian‐to‐Floian siliciclastic deposits of the Shirgesht Formation in the Kalmard Block of central Iran show abundant occurrences of the mid‐tier Trichophycus venosus, a common ichnotaxon in the archetypical Cruziana ichnofacies. This trace fossil records a considerable increase in exploitation of offshore infaunal ecospace in comparison w...

Bąk et al. (2018) presented a model of global palaeoclimatic changes during the Bajocian–Oxfordian based on an analysis of millimetre-thick microlaminae in the radiolarian-bearing deposits of the Fatricum Domain exposed in the Filipka Valley in the Tatra Mountains, southern Poland. The authors claim that changes in microfacies and microfossil assem...

The bioerosion trace fossils are described from the Pliocene cropping out at the Agua Amarga Subbasin (Betic Cordillera, Almería Province, SE Spain). They are associated with limestone clasts (pebbles and cobbles) and molluscs constituting a shallow marine conglomerate and an overlying composite shell bed that were deposited in a shallow marine set...

The new ichnospecies of Polykampton georgianum occurs abundantly in a part of the Borjomi Flysch (Upper Paleocene – Lower Eocene) in Georgia, in particular in the 45.3 m thick Ardagani-1 section that is dominated by grey silt- and mudstones having sandstones intercalated. The trace fossil occurs in the middle and upper part of the section. The trac...

Reported ancient bottom current deposits in deep marine settings are scarce and most of them remain contentious. This study describes sedimentological, ichnological and petrographical characteristics of a drill core that covers ca 10 Myr of Upper Cretaceous stratigraphy at Hold with Hope, north‐east Greenland. The core is divided into four facies a...

The worldwide study of the geological record of the Last Interglacial is key to reconstruct the climatic and oceanographic conditions during that time interval. Here we present preliminary results of a comprehensive field analysis of one of the most extensive and least studied Quaternary fossiliferous sequences in Cabo Verde attributed to the Last...

The integration of sedimentary facies analysis, ichnology and benthic mollusc quantitative paleoecology allowed interpretation of factors that have controlled the deposition of the alluvial to marine succession outcropping in Northwestern Sicily (Southern Italy) at Altavilla Milicia, near Palermo (Imerese Basin). Two main marine units are recognise...

The integration of sedimentary facies analysis, ichnology and benthic mollusc quantitative paleoecology allowed interpretation of factors that have controlled the deposition of the alluvial to marine succession outcropping in the north-western Sicily (Southern Italy) at Altavilla Milicia, near Palermo (Imerese Basin). Two main marine units are reco...

Sedimentary rocks are rarely preserved on reefless volcanic oceanic islands, because they are mostly exported from coastal areas towards the abyssal plains and such islands typically undergo subsidence. In contrast, the exceptional geological record of the uplifted Santa Maria Island (Azores) provides a unique opportunity to gain insight on such ro...

This study presents an ichnotaxonomical assessment of bird footprints from a coastal plain setting in the Eocene lower to middle Aspelintoppen Formation in Brongniartfjellet and Storvola, Svalbard. These footprints are unique evidence for Paleogene birds from Svalbard and the second evidence of Paleogene avifauna of the Arctic (along with scarce fo...

The Cenomanian–Turonian Boundary interval (CTB) at the Rio Fardes section (Betic Cordillera, southern Spain) is characterized by pelagic and hemipelagic deposition mixed with mass-flow conglomerates and sandstones. The Rio Fardes section lends itself to high-resolution ichnological analysis of the late Cenomanian Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE-2) on a c...

Heavy minerals have been studied in order to address the problem of provenance and source area for the uppermost Oligocene to Early Miocene Krosno Formation in the Skole Nappe (Poland). The heavy mineral composition of the Krosno Formation in the Skole Nappe points to a metamorphic origin, mainly from pelites affected by amphibolite facies conditio...

A new teichichnoid trace fossil, Syringomorpha cyprensis from the Miocene of Cyprus, is proposed as a vertical burrow composed of an arcuate-like tube with horizontal parts to subhorizontal distally and vertical to subvertical parts proximally and triangular spreiten in the inner corner of the tube. Previously, this ichnogenus was represented only...

Amber samples with bivalve borings from six localities around the world, ranging in age from Hauterivian to Miocene, have been studied. The possible assignment to Teredolites or Gastrochaenolites is discussed considering the type of substrate as an ichnotaxobase. It is proposed to regard amber or similar resins as a variant of xylic substrates and...

The study area is located in the central part of the eastern Achara-Trialeti Fold-Thrust Belt. Trace fossils were found in Upper Eocene thick (∼1000 m) deposits of the Tbilisi Nummulitic Suite, which are exposed in the hinge zone of the Lisi Anticline, 5 km NW of Tbilisi. The deposits are mainly represented by alternations of turbiditic sandstones...

The Achara-Trialeti Fold-Thrust Belt is located in the northernmost part of the Lesser Caucasus and is associated with the Arabian and Eurasian plate convergence. It is E–W trending, 360 km long, 60–45 km wide, and extends from the Black Sea coast towards its end near Tbilisi, where it submerges under young sediments of the Kura Foreland Basin. Dur...

The Achara-Trialeti Fold-Thrust Belt is located in the northernmost part of the Lesser Caucasus and is associated with the Arabian and Eurasian plate convergence. It is E–W trending, 360 km long, 60–45 km wide, and extends from the Black Sea coast towards its end near Tbilisi, where it submerges under young sediments of the Kura Foreland Basin. Dur...

The study area is located in the central part of the eastern Achara-Trialeti Fold-Thrust Belt. Trace fossils were found in Upper Eocene thick (∼1000 m) deposits of the Tbilisi Nummulitic Suite, which are exposed in the hinge zone of the Lisi Anticline, 5 km NW of Tbilisi. The deposits are mainly represented by alternations of turbiditic sandstones...

Palynology constitutes a useful tool for biostratigraphical and palaeoenvironmental analyses and is commonly used in academic and applied research. However, the palynological signal can be significantly influenced by both, intra- and post-depositional oxidizing processes. To estimate the dependence of the palynological record on the oxygen level ne...

The Futoma Member (Oligocene, Rupelian) of the Menilite Formation is present only in the northern part of the Skole Nappe. Some diatomitic layers of this member in the Nowy Borek section contain coarse-grained detrital material composed of a variety of metamorphic, volcanic and sedimentary rock fragments. The material derives from primary and secon...

New occurrences of Estrellichnus jacaensis in the deep‐marine turbidite deposits of the Eocene Hecho Group (Fiscal, Huesca, NE Spain) are described. Most of them include specimens preserved as ‘urban fossils’ located in several villages of the south‐central Pyrenees. Well‐preserved morphological features of the new specimens studied and their inter...

Pliocene deposits cropping out in the Agua Amarga subbasin (Almería, SE Spain) include a composite shell bed made up of variously preserved and densely packed mollusks. The characteristics of the shell bed indicate deposition in shallow marine settings under a changeable sedimentation rate. The composite shell bed was formed through the amalgamatio...

In the Outer Carpathian basins, sedimentation of organic-rich deposits took place mainly in the Silesian domain, much less in the more southern Magura domain, mostly during Early Cretaceous, Late Cretaceous–Early Paleocene and the Oligocene times. In the northern part of the Magura domain (Siary Zone), this type sedimentation is represented by the...

The Untersberg section (Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria) provides an expanded and biostratigraphically well constrained deep-sea record of the Paleocene-Eocene transition in the northwestern Tethyan realm. At the base of the Eocene, massive carbonate dissolution and a shoaling of the calcite compensation depth (CCD) by at least 1 km is recorded b...

W osadach rzeki Raby na południu Polski odkryto pnie czarnych dębów wraz z dobrze zachowanymi chrząszczami o nazwie kozioróg dębosz. Ślady życia tych owadów w kopalnym lub częściowo kopalnym drewnie dostarczają cennych informacji o środowisku i klimacie.

The bowl-shaped trace fossil Piscichnus waitemata Gregory 1991 appears in Pliocene sandstones from Santa Maria Island (Azores Archipelago), extensively excavated during a stage of island evolution when the volcanic edifice was a guyot (flat-topped seamount) isolated in the NE Atlantic. The host sediments were deposited at depths from the intertidal...

Lower Campanian siliceous sponges from epicontinental deposits of the Subhercynian Cretaceous Basin in Germany contain amygdaloidal depressions which are distinguished as a new ichnospecies of the ichnogenus Cuenulites. These bioerosion traces are interpreted as borings of semi-endolithic bivalves, produced without significant rotation movement, pr...

Lepidenteron mantelli is a trace fossil produced by a burrowing marine invertebrate (probably a polychaete) that sequestered plant macroremains in Cenomanian-Coniacian marly calcareous sediments of the Central European Basin during transgression events. For more than a century and half, this trace fossil has been mistaken for a fossil plant. In thi...

The Middle Ordovician Bukówka Formation, composed of fine-grained quartz sandstones with siltstone intercalations, belongs to the Kielce Region of the Holy Cross Mountains (peri-Baltic palaeogeographic position). It contains trace fossils of low diversity and poor preservation. Particularly noteworthy are the large Cruziana and Rusophycus, that are...

Siltstone and sandstone beds of the Mount Wawel Formation (Eocene) contain trace fossils interpreted as insect resting traces and arthropod trackways, the latest determined as Glaciichnium australis isp. nov. and cf. Pterichnus isp. Glaciichnium is included in a new ichnofamily Protichnidae, which embraces invertebrate trackways composed of straigh...

Circulichnis is a puzzling, ring-like trace fossil preserved on bedding planes. It is represented mostly by its type ichnospecies C. montanus, which is characterized by an evenly circular or elliptical course. A new ichnospecies, C. ligusticus, is distinguished based on material from deep-sea Oligocene–Miocene deposits of the Tertiary Piemonte Basi...

A new ichnogenus and ichnospecies, Spirolites radwanskii , is a spiral boring recognized in large limestone clasts deposited in a Miocene cliff-foot ramp. It is characterized by a semi-circular or inverted Ω-shaped cross section, gradually increasing width, gradual entrenching in the rock from the narrower side, consistent coiling direction, steep...

The Lower Jurassic (upper Sinemurian) of the Hronicum domain (Tatra Mts., Western Carpathians, Poland) represents typical tropical shallow-water carbonates of the Bahamian-type. Eight microfacies recognized include oolitic-peloidal grainstone/ packstone, peloidal-bioclastic grainstone, peloidal-lithoclastic-bioclastic-cortoidal grainstone/packstone...