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Design a Bidirectional DC/DC Converter for Second-Level
Electric Vehicle Bidirectional Charger
Abstract—
Electric Vehicle (EV) has derived into
consideration within automotive manufacturing over the
last centuries. The charger of EV contributes significant
part in the growth of EV. This paper proposes DC/DC
converter which can be integrated for application in
second- level electric vehicle chartering. Further, the
proposed converter is bidirectional, accomplished of
delivering power from batteries to the grid which called
vehicle-to-grid (V2G) applications . The DC-DC
converter is molded by mixing buck and boost converters
and accordingly it is capable to function in buck as well
as boost methods in both ways (charging and
discharging). Throughout charging (G2V) the voltage
(Dc-link) is stepped to down by the DC-DC converter to
battery volt age and delivers requisite charging current
by current control (CC).This is buck process through
charging. While V2G process the role of the DC-DC
converter is to boost the battery voltage to deliver the dc
link voltage. The converter is predictable to get high
efficiency.
Keywords— Electric vehicle charger, DC/DC converts,
Efficiency, CC, LLC.
I. I
NTRODUCTION
As usually acknowledged, EVs can accomplish greater
power alteration efficiency, less exhaust radiations, and fewer
auditory din and vibration, as compared to fuel-engine
vehicles[1]. The battery is as ignificantpart in the growth of
EVs.In current times; Electric vehicles turn out to be common,
and the construction of EV charging is significant in mandate
to accomplish the electrical energy demand of the massive
number of electric vehicles. Electric vehicle drove via
electricity, dissimilar the ICE on streetnowadayswhere the
main regulars of fossil fuels. The electricity of electric vehicle
can be present either obtained outdoor the vehicle through off-
charging and saved the power in a battery or provided on
board charging with the help of fuel cells. The growth of
electric vehicle’s basedin1835once the leading battery energy
electric vehicle was constructed by Thomas [2]. The
expansion of these vehicles has turn into domineering not just
for the researchers butas well for the supervisions among the
world is verified by the protocol of Kyoto that has a whole of
185 countries endorsement it (As on 10/01/2009). The BEV
has been meaning while few years’an actual gorgeous study
range together by coach industrialists and methodical
researchers. The scheme construction of HEV/EV is displayed
in Figure 1[3].
Figure1: Scheme construction of HEV/EV[4]
A. Charger Categorizations
Since the initiation of the first electric vehicles, there were
various diverse systems of charging planned[5]. Due to
several structures of the charger, therefore the charger
obligatory to categorize the constructed on some publics
strategy and application structures. Table1 [6] explained the
six approaches of categorizing chargers[7].
Table1: The classificationof EV chargers
Cataloguingform Alternatives
The construction Dedicatedand Integrated
Place On-boardand Off-board
Connective form 1. Conductive
2. Inductive
3. Mechanical
Input Power Ac and Dc
The Power Flow Unidirectional and
Bidirectional
Levels of Charging Level 1, Level 2 and
Level 3
Three levels of charging have been indistinct for electric
vehicles [8]. These levels are listed in Table 2. Either Level 1
/ level 2 of charging are supposed to be the standard charging
Ammar Hatem AlMarzoogee
Senior engineer of Babylon Education
Directorate
Czarfl55@gmail.com
Alaa Hamid Mohammed
Department of Computer Engineering,
Karabuk University, Turkey
Aallaaha12@gmail.com
978-1-7281-9090-7/20/$31.00 ©2020 IEEE
Authorized licensed use limited to: ULAKBIM UASL - Altinbas Universitesi. Downloaded on November 22,2020 at 15:23:35 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
modes that will yield place as the vehicle will stand for a
considerable expanse of time. [9]
Table 2: Charging Levels of Electric Vehicle
The Level
of Charging
AC Input
Voltage
(V)
Maximum
Current (A)
Maximum
Power (kW)
Level 1 110-120 16-18 2
Level 2 240-260 80-90 20
Level 3 300-500 200-400 250
II. DESIGN THE CHARGER OF THE PROPOSED
SYSTEM
The lifetime and the time to charge the battery have a rousted
end ence on the features of the battery charger. Quite a lot of
industrialists are operational global on the advance of several
kinds of battery components for Evs[10]. Nevertheless, the
presentation of battery segments is subject to not just on the
strategy of components, but it’s besides on in what way the
modules are used. In this logic[11], the chargers rolled a
critical part in the development of this expertise[12].
Figure 2: Battery charger system.
The design of the battery charger structure is displayed in
Figure2 [13]. Since batteries have capacity of finite energy,
EVs requisite tobe recharged on an intervallic base, usually by
fixing to the power grid. The Evs charger comprises of an
AC/DC diode rectifier to generate a Dc link voltage from the
input of Ac voltage[14], followed by a DC/DC converter to
generate the Dc link voltage demanded by the battery.
A. Design a Bidirectional DC/DC Converter for Level 2
A conventional bidirectional of EV charger has two
junctures: first active grid which consists of bidirectional Ac–
Dc rectifier which put into effect power factor (PF) and a Dc–
Dc bidirectional converter to adjust battery current. The
chargers can be either non-isolated Dc/DC converter or
isolated Dc/Dc converter system configurations. Once
functioning in charge mode, the ywould draw a waveform of
sinusoidal current with a clear phase angle to control reactive
power and power. In discharge mode, the charger has to return
back the current in a alike sinusoidal waveform[15]. A
bidirectional charger cares charge from the network-grid[16],
battery power addition back to the grid, mentioned toas
vehicle-to-grid (V2G) process mode, and energy balance[17].
The proposal circuit shown in Figure3a is a non-is
olatedbidirectional two-quadrant charger[18]. This proposal
circuit has 2switches that significantly make straightforward
the control motherboard. Never the less ,this circuit has two
inductors that incline to be massive and costly and it can just
buck in one direction and boosting the added. The modified of
the proposal circuities shownFigur3b is an isolated
bidirectional dual-active bridge charger
Figure 3: (a) Non-isolated bidirectional two-quadrant
charger. (b) Isolated bidirectional dual active bridge charger.
III. CONCLUSIONS
This paper discussed the proposal of level 2 electric vehicle
charger, and the design and implementation Dc/ Dc converter
ofthe battery charger of charging power level 2. This proposal
circuit delivers extraordinary of high power density and fast
control.
R
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