Alaa M. Al-Abadi

University of Basrah · College of Sciences

The current study aims to analyze the trend of monthly average temperature in Basrah province to understand the role of land use changes in this pattern. Data which was recorded at Hay Al-Hussain station in the city of Basrah over a span of 74 years (1948–2022) were utilized for this purpose. The non-parametric Mann–Kendall test and Sen’s slope est...

Reservoir heterogeneity, a critical factor in fluid flow and recovery processes, manifests at various scales and is influenced by depositional facies, diagenesis, and structural features. This study aims to quantify and map the spatial heterogeneity within Unit AB of Zubair Formation, south Rumaila oilfield, utilizing the Lorenz coefficient ( L k )...

The research examines the effectiveness of remote sensing for monitoring drought conditions, specifically focusing on the utilization of satellite missions like GRACE to detect alterations in water levels. The study analyzes GRACE data for 10 Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) grid cells alongside precipitation data from 11 meteorological stations. It...

This study utilized data from the NASA Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) to examine the variability of the terrestrial water storage anomaly (TWSA) in Iraq between 2002 and 2019. The analysis focused on six grid cells representing the Iraqi territory. The season trend decomposition (SLT) method was used to decompose the signal time se...

In this discussion paper, we highlight misapplications of the spatial analysis of groundwater potential (GP) using geographical information systems, knowledge-driven, and data-driven models. Using this analysis, GP can be evaluated over a large area with simplified and easy-to-develop factors. The result is a map that can identify the most producti...

The empirical soil loss model, RUSLE, was used in conjunction with remotely sensed data and geographic information system technology to delineate the soil erosion and watershed priorities in terms of conservation practices at seven boundary sub-watersheds (labeled as SW-00, SW-01, …, SW-06) between Iraq and Iran in the district of Ali Al-Gharbi, so...

A quantitative evaluation of watershed health based on climatic variability is essential for watershed management. This study used a well-known reliability, resiliency, and vulnerability water resources performance framework to assess watershed health for 7 transboundary sub-watersheds between Iraq and Iran, based on a standard precipitation drough...

Management of groundwater resources requires a comprehensive understanding of the hydrogeological characteristics of the water-bearing layers. Although, the importance of groundwater resources in the northeastern Missangovernorate, south of Iraq for growing agricultural activities and industrial purposes, there is no study so far to build the conce...

The spatial and temporal changes of water resources of Iraq were evaluated using the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) data for the period 2002-2019. The rate of change and significance of the change in terrestrial water storage (TWS) derived from different GRACE solutions were estimated using Sen's slope estimator and Mann-Kendall te...

Received: 28 August 2021 Human health is greatly and directly affected by the quality of groundwater and the extent of its pollution. This research evaluated the quality of groundwater in the Nineveh plain in northern Iraq and determined the suitability of groundwater for drinking purposes. Sixty-nine groundwater samples were taken and the major ph...

This study aims to apply Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to map the groundwater contamination of the Dammam aquifer by heavy oil in the middle of Iraq. For this purpose, the inventory map of 139 groundwater wells (contaminated and non-contaminated with heavy oil) with the seven important factors playing a role in controlling contamination were used...

Knowledge of the groundwater potential, especially in an arid region, can play a major role in planning the sustainable management of groundwater resources. In this study, nine machine learning (ML) algorithms-namely, Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Decision Jungle (DJ), Averaged Perceptron (AP), Bayes Point Machine (BPM), Decision Forest (DF), Lo...

The study of oil-field reservoir heterogeneity is an important task in the oil industry as it affects waterflooding, developing injection production systems, and optimizing hydrocarbon production. In this study, vertical reservoir heterogeneity was quantified using the Lorenz statistical index, empirical Bayesian kriging, and seven machine-learning...

The Middle Cretaceous Mishrif Formation is one of the most important oil reservoirs in central and southern Iraq. The major goal of this study is to calibrate the FMI imaging log in front of the depth intervals where core data is available (thin sections), and then utilize the calibrated FMI behavior to predict the types of microfacies in the wells...

A semi-confined aquifer from Kirkuk Governorate, northern Iraq was taken as a case study to map groundwater potential in terms of both the availability and quality of the resource. In terms of quantity, five machine learning (ML) algorithms were used to model the relationship between locations of 1031 wells with specific-capacity data and nine infl...

A hybrid model of two multi-criteria decision making techniques specifically, the analytical hierarchy process method and the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution method was proposed to select the best site for constructing an underground dam to control the groundwater table rising or water-logging in the center of Al-Z...

The Dammam Formation in the southern and western deserts of Iraq is an important aquifer because it contains a huge groundwater reserve suitable for various uses. In the Karbala-Najaf plateau and the neighboring areas of the middle of Iraq, the drilling of groundwater wells usually fails due to the contamination of this aquifer with hydrocarbon fro...

This Silent movie aims to use IDRISI selva with file prepared in ArcGIS to create a ROC curve to validate the geospatial model

This part one of two files that describe how to use ArcGIS to prepare files to use in IDRISI selva software to make receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC) to validate spatial models

Gully erosion is an erosive process that contributes considerably to the shape of the earth’s surface and is a major contributor to land degradation and soil loss. This study applied a methodology for mapping gully erosion susceptibility using only topographic related attributes derived from a medium-resolution digital elevation model (DEM) and a h...

The goal of this study is to determine the vulnerability of groundwater in northern Iraq's Nineveh Plain by utilizing the DRASTIC method and geographic information systems (GIS). In the context of human or environmental systems, vulnerability refers to the potential for harm as a result of stress or disturbance, it may be related to a particular sy...

In this study, a trial exercise was performed for the first time to model the productivity of a reservoir unit, using a GIS-based hybridization of Shannons entropy method and the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) approach. A case study from the middle reservoir unit of Nahr Umr Formation in the Luhais oil fi...

In this study, a trial exercise was performed for the first time to model the productivity of a reservoir unit, using a GIS-based hybridization of ShannonÕs entropy method and the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) approach. A case study from the middle reservoir unit of Nahr Umr Formation in the Luhais oil f...

In this discussion article, we try to highlight and discuss the wrong way for representing an areal phenomenon “flood” as a point vector format in GIS-based flood susceptibility studies and creating what is called “flood inventory map”. Two examples from the literature were taken to show that a flood event cannot be represented by point except with...

This study introduces a methodology for modeling the groundwater artesian condition (AC) in a specific arid region of southern Iraq using five machine learning techniques; the stochastic gradient boosting (SGB), classification and regression trees (CART), random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and k nearest neighbor (kNN). To this aim, a...

This study identifies the groundwater recharge zone in an arid region of southern Iraq in a GIS framework using two multi-criteria decision-making techniques, namely the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solutions (TOPSIS). Eight factors are used to delineate groundwater recharge zon...

Total organic carbon (TOC) is an important parameter for assessing the hydrocarbon potential of source rocks. The standard method for analysis of TOC is the Rock-Eval pyrolysis on cutting and core samples. The coring process is always expensive and time consuming. Therefore, researchers around the world focused on developing techniques to estimate...

This study applied two bivariate statistical models (frequency ratio and information value), one multivariate statistical model (logistic regression), and two supervised statistical learning models (boosted regression trees and classification and regression trees) for mapping flood proneness in an arid region of southern Iraq. For this purpose, ten...

This study assessed the groundwater productivity of the Dibdibba aquifer on the Karbala–Najaf Plateau, central Iraq, using three GIS-based tree machine learning classifiers, namely classification and regression trees (CART), rotation forest (rF), and random forest (RF). The geographical locations of groundwater wells with a specific well capacity a...

Abstract The Alton Kopri Basin is an important and significant water basin in Kirkuk governorate where most of the area demand like drinking, agricultural, grazing, and industrial are depending on it. the basin consist of two main aquifers the upper aquifer formed by Quaternary deposits and the lower confined aquifer formed by Muqdadyi and Bai Hass...

This work aims to evaluate the predictive capability of three bivariate statistical models, namely information value, frequency ratio, and evidential belief functions, in gully erosion susceptibility mapping in northeastern Maysan Governorate (Ali Al-Gharbi District) in southern Iraq. The gully inventory map, consisting of 21 gullies of different s...

The current study is focused on the groundwater modeling with three scenarios as future plans to find a suitable solution for the problem at Al-Jahza Camp south east of Al-Zubair town, south of Iraq. The objective of the study is find out a numerical model for simulating the behavior of the groundwater flow using (MODFLOW) software. The model was c...

In this study, three machine learning models, namely, support vector machine, naïve Bayes, and random forest, along with the geographic information system, are used to delineate the tar mat occurrence hazard in the upper part of Zubair Formation (named as DJ unit) in Rumaila oil field, southern Iraq. To build these models, a well inventory map that...

Geochemical modeling and environmental isotopes were used to determine the hydrogeochemical evolution and the main factors controlling the groundwater chemistry in Misaan, South of Iraq. All available δ¹⁸O and δ²H data for the study area are plotted along the Global Meteoric Water Line (G-MWL) and Mediterranean Meteoric Water Line (M-MWL), indicati...

Many studies have been carried out to find the best method for classification of remote sensing data. Traditional methods depend only on pixel value without using the spatial and geometric information of object which is consider an important source to classify the satellite imagery. This study compared between pixel-based and object-based classific...

We would like to gratefully acknowledge all reviewers for their time and expertise so generously given to the peer review of manuscripts in Sustainable Water Resources Management in 2018. We truly appreciate their continued support and commitment in helping us maintain and improve the quality of our journal.

Groundwater recharge estimation is essential for management of groundwater systems. As groundwater is a vital source of water for domestic and agricultural activities in the study area (Karbala-Najaf plateau), ‎ where the Dibdibba aquifer represents the primary and essential aquifer, evaluation of groundwater recharge is critical in the study area....

Mapping groundwater quality Index for irrigation is of great importance for agricultural issues. As groundwater is a vital source of water for domestic and agricultural activities in Iraqi Western Desert area, where the study area (Dibdibba aquifer) represents the extreme eastern part of it, evaluation of groundwater quality and its suitability for...

This study focused on delineating the groundwater contamination zones that contain hydrocarbons (heavy oil) in the Dammam aquifer in the Karbala – Najaf plateau, central Iraq, using two hybrid models, specifically, the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) (AHP-TOPSIS a...

This study examined the efficacy of three machine ensemble classifiers, namely, random forest, rotation forest and AdaBoost, in assessing flood susceptibility in an arid region of southern Iraq. A dataset was created from flooded and non-flooded areas to train and validate the ensemble classifiers using a binary classification scheme (1—flood, 0—no...

This work aims to evaluate the predictive capability of three bivariate statistical models, namely information value, frequency ratio, and evidential belief functions, in gully erosion susceptibility mapping in northeastern Maysan Governorate (Ali Al-Gharbi District) in southern Iraq. The gully inventory map, consisting of 21 gullies of different s...

This work aims to evaluate the predictive capability of three bivariate statistical models, namely information value, frequency ratio, and evidential belief functions, in gully erosion susceptibility mapping in northeastern Maysan Governorate (Ali Al-Gharbi District) in southern Iraq. The gully inventory map, consisting of 21 gullies of different s...

The aim of this research is to estimate the reference evapotranspiration ETo as given by FAO-56 PM equation in Basrah city, southern Iraq by using several climatic inputs data including maximum monthly mean air temperature, minimum monthly mean air temperature, monthly mean relative humidity and monthly mean wind speed. Three artificial intelligent...

This paper discusses and compares the potential application of the evidential belief function model and fuzzy logic inference system technique for spatial delineation of a groundwater artesian zone boundary in an arid region of central Iraq. First, a flowing well inventory of a total of 93 perennial flowing wells was constructed and randomly partit...

The Ant Miner algorithm was compared with the bivariate frequency ratio (FR) and boosted regression trees (BRT) algorithms in terms of its capacity to assess groundwater potential. A geospatial dataset was prepared that contains two components: a flowing well inventory map and eleven factors relevant to groundwater conditions. Average nearest neigh...

The existence of long-term persistence (LTP) in hydro-climatic time series can lead to considerable change in significance of trends. Therefore, past findings of climatic trend studies that did not consider LTP became a disputable issue. A study has been conducted to assess the trends in temperature and temperature extremes in Iraq in recent years...

Identifying potential sites for water harvesting (WH) is a crucial task for efficient water resources management in arid regions. In response, this paper proposes a geographical information system-based model that combines fuzzy logic and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to delineate suitable areas for constructing WH structures in arid southern Ir...

The objective of this study is to integrate geographic information system and bivariate frequency ratio method for the mapping of flowing well zones in the west and southwest parts of the Euphrates river basin of Iraq. Ten groundwater conditioning factors are identified as controlling factors of groundwater movement based on data availability, lite...

A novel approach for demarcation of groundwater potential by integrating entropy information theory and linear weighted aggregation method has been proposed in this study. Altun Kupri Basin in northern Iraq is selected to explain the benefits of the proposed method. Ten groundwater conditioning factors are chosen depending upon literature reviews,...

The objective of this study is to delineate groundwater flowing well zone potential in An-Najif Province of Iraq in a data-driven evidential belief function model developed in a geographical information system (GIS) environment. An inventory map of 68 groundwater flowing wells was prepared through field survey. Seventy percent or 43 wells were used...

This study focus on determining the groundwater availability zones in an arid region, Iraq using bivariate frequency ratio and combining frequency ratio and index of entropy approaches linked with remote sensing and GIS techniques. For building models, an inventory of boreholes with high flow rate (8 l/s) was firstly prepared and divided into two s...

Random forest (RF) machine learning technique and geographical information system (GIS) have been applied to delineate groundwater flowing well zones in the southern desert of Iraq. A spatial database consists of target variable, i.e., geographic locations of 93 flowing wells and predictor variables, i.e., the factors that control groundwater occur...

A novel method has been proposed in this study for delineation of flood-prone areas through integration of catastrophe theory and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) in a geographical information system. Seven causative flood factors were selected for this purpose based on data availability and literature reviews, namely, ground surface elevation, s...

The process of delineating areas that are more susceptible to pollution from anthropogenic sources has become an important issue for groundwater resources management and land-use planning. In this study, an attempt was made to delineate aquifer vulnerability zones for nitrate contamination at Galal Badra basin, east of Iraq using Dempster–Shafer me...

In this study, index of entropy and catastrophe theory methods were used for demarcating groundwater potential in an arid region using weighted linear combination techniques in geographical information system (GIS) environment. A case study from Badra area in the eastern part of central of Iraq was analyzed and discussed. Six factors believed to ha...

This study investigates the potential of M5 decision tree technique to mimic stage – discharge relationship for Tigris River in Qalat Salah hydrological station in Missan governorate, southern Iraq. Five M5 models using different combinations of stage, antecedent stages and discharge values were examined in this study to investigate effect of each...

In this study, a data-driven weights of evidence (WOE) technique was used to demarcate groundwater potential zones at northeastern Missan and Wasit governorates, Iraq using geographic information system (GIS) platform. In the first step, borehole location inventory map consisting of 143 with relatively high yield (>8 L/s) was prepared. Then, eight...

In recent years, delineation of groundwater productivity zones plays an increasingly important role in sustainable management of groundwater resource throughout the world. In this study, groundwater productivity index of northeastern Wasit Governorate was delineated using probabilistic frequency ratio (FR) and Shannon’s entropy models in framework...

The potential of using three different data-driven techniques namely, multilayer perceptron with backpropagation artificial neural network (MLP), M5 decision tree model, and Takagi–Sugeno (TS) inference system for mimic stage–discharge relationship at Gharraf River system, southern Iraq has been investigated and discussed in this study. The study u...

In this study, intrinsic groundwater vulnerability for the shallow aquifer in northeastern Missan governorate, south of Iraq is evaluated using commonly used DRASTIC model in framework of GIS environment. Preparation of DRASTIC parameters is attained through gathering data from different sources including field survey, geological and meteorologica...

Abstract The study area is located in the northeast of Iraq in Kirkuk governorate, between 35° 30' - 35°50' latitude and 44° 10' - 44° 35' longitude. It occupies an area of 1040 km2. The Basin boarded by two long parallel mountain series from southwest by (Kanydomlan) and from east and northeast (Kalkalan Dagh). The topographic elevation ranges bet...

A simple methodology is adapted to optimum rain-gauges network design in central and south of Iraq through simple statistical concepts, i.e, mean and coefficient of variation. Results indicate that 17 stations are required to optimize rain-gauges network with allowable error of about 10%. To redistribute the additional stations (8 stations) among t...