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International Journal of Engineering &Technology, 7 (3.12) (2018) 1218 -1221
International Journal of Engineering & Technology
Website: www.sciencepubco.com/index.php/IJET
Research paper
Internet of Things for Smart Environment and Integrated
Ecosystem
Renu Thapliyal1*, Ravi Kumar Patel2, Ajit Kumar Yadav3, Akhilesh Singh4
1,3Tech Counsellor, Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand India,
2University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
4Seemant Institute of Technology, Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand, India
*Corresponding Author Email: 1renu@techcounsellor.com
Abstract
Internet of things (IoT) is in increasing demand in our daily life. This is the technology that transforms the real-time system into the
virtual system and makes the communication in between machines. The rapid growth of IoT can be easily noticed in industries like home
automation, transport, robotics, environment, energy, water domain etc. The IoT is a technological revolution that represents the future of
computing and communications, and its development depends on dynamic technical innovation in a number of important fields, from
wireless sensors to nanotechnology. They are going to tag each object for identifying, automating, monitoring and controlling. The aim
of this paper is to give an overview of introduction, history, architecture, real-time application, challenges and future aspects of IoT along
with statistics and its application in monitoring for future.
Keywords: Internet of Things, Environment, Sustainable, Smart Devices.
1. Introduction
Internet of Things defines as a seamless combination of
embedded, intelligence, ubiquitous, connectivity, and deep
analytical insights that creates unique and disruptive value for
companies, individuals and societies [1, 2]. It refers to the
networking of physical object like wearable devices, smart
devices, home appliances etc. using sensors, hardware, and
software that can be controlled by use of the Internet protocol.
IoT is to automate whole hardware or a physical thing that
includes everything which we use in day to day life in home,
office, industry for the purpose and to monitor the data and
instruction, and to operate the device using the internet
connectivity [3, 4]. Vast reach of this enables various controls
from a simple control of LED or light or fan to a fully automated
home; to hardware for data mining, to control and monitor the
treatment process for the water and environment domain as well
on other fields. Real-time monitoring of the trends, weather
forecast using sensors, and monitoring data to improve
performance are the few applications of IoT. Emerging
technologies such as Cloud Computing Data Analytics, Machine
Learning, Big Data are giving an enhanced experience to the IoT
customers [5, 6].
With the ever-increasing number of connected devices globally
and potential of smart objects, there is potential to transform and
revolutionize multiple vertical sectors to operate in a connected
ecosystem; IoT coupled with the proliferation of electronic
devices that already exist in businesses, homes consumers, all of
which can be transformed via the use of IoT technologies, and the
stage is set for IoT to become ubiquitous.
2. Literature Survey
In the early 90's when the Internet was growing rapidly bandwidth
penetration was too low. In just 20 years it has grown 100 times
[7]. From a tool to connect with the world it has now grown as a
total independent technology itself and become the mode to
control the things, things that include each and everything making
human life more and more comfortable. Cloud computing and
Internet of things going to be the basis of everything in the next
era. Giant organization like Amazon, Google, Microsoft already
has impacted the whole 7 Billion population regardless of their
services; as well as they are creating technologies, innovations for
the next generation like Amazon Go, self-driving cars. These
companies are going to create unimaginable things accessible to
everyone, not just for the industry. IoT is already growing at a fast
pace, it is estimated that by the end of 2020 the number of the
active wireless connected device will exceed 40 Billion [8, 9].
Today it has become a tool to connect each and everything.
Human as an intelligent species always looked and invented a
new thing. These all things will make it possible to have a world
which seems to be unimaginable and this technology will be first
of its kind in terms of providing consumer where service, as well
as product industry, will grow. As predicted by the authors in [4,
10], IoT hardware, software, and services industry itself will
generate $332B revenue by 2020.
3. Market Dynamics: Evolution as a Product
Based Service Industry
With more and more advancement and dependency on
technology, development of new easy to handle and operate tools
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1219
and devices like Arduino, Rasberry pie, ESPKits, ARM Cortes M
with human desire toward automation is going to be reason for
the rapid growth in smart devices leading to a whole new market
for it [11, 12]. Amazon has already proposed a whole modern
technology for its retail hassle-free store where every purchase
will be automated, with a tagline grab whatever you want and just
go, Amazongo is using most advanced machine learning, deep
learning algorithm, sensor fusion and calling it as just walk out
technology same as used in self-driving cars [13]. These kinds of
technology which are an example of Internet of things going to
lead the next century, from home which is fully automated and
controlled over just a click of the mouse to devices that can be
operated and controlled using email and internet, going to be next
things which consumer wants. Already demand for the first-
generation products like Smart TVs, Wearable Devices, Home
Automation, Automated Home Appliances is increasing and will
further increase as the cost decrease, as per Ayla report it was
estimated that on one in five consumers who have broadband at
their homes going to have at least one smart house in the USA
before 2016. Internet of Things going is going to be future for
both products and service-based industry.
4. Opportunities and Forecast: Analysis
With growing trends of smart and small devices, and as the
manufacturing cost of the hardware is decline there is rapid growth
for the IoT industry. Also, availability of small sensors, DIY Kits
that can be useful to control each and everything even without
having core knowledge of the hardware and software leading to
the growth of IoT markets.
As per Forbes, HIS forecast that IoT market will see a growth of
30.7 billion devices by the end of 2020 and 75.4 billion devices till
2025 compared to 15.4 billion devices in 2015. IoT going to
impact every big sector and will see a rapid growth in the sector
like transportation where major automotive industry already is in
the business, security, and surveillance in government, inventory
and warehouse management application (Amazon already has
proposed next store that going to be based on IoT and Cloud). As
per the McKinsey estimate, total IoT market going to have a
growth of $3.7B by 2020 comparing to $900M during 2015. To
the Product and services by enterprises, an estimated expenditure
on IoT was expected to reach $120B, with a growth up to $253B
in 2021. Profit alone for the IoT vendors involved in selling
hardware and software going to be $60B by 2020 as per the
analysis was done by Bain. As per a report published by Gartner in
2015, it predicted 6.4B connected devices worldwide in use for the
year 2016 and that will reach up to 20.8B by 2020. IoT is a
technology that going to be loved by not just service providers but
also by the manufacturer. Basically, a hardware-based technology
where hardware is connected by using software so ultimately a
whole new market is going to develop for the hardware
development. IOT going to change the way of connectivity for all
and will be creating a life connected to the Internet. Gartner has
reported that by 2020 world would have 20.6 billion connected
technologies.
A. Opportunities in India
India has seen a lot of changes in a short span, since the inception
of the new government, many programs have initiated because of
which India is moving towards becoming a digital economy. The
digital space in India is in the phase of transformation where IoT
could play a vital role and hence the Department of Electronics &
Information Technology (DeitY) drafted India's first "Internet of
Thing Policy". This policy will help India to grow its IoT market
to $15B by having a growth in the broadband connected devices
from 200M in 2016 to 2.7B by 2020 [14].
Policy for the Internet of things will support the initiatives taken
in the direction of Digital India and Smart Cities. Also, these two
programs will ensure the growth of the IoT industry in India.
Digital India program is aimed to make every household and
every individual digitally empowered. India with a population of
1.3B has 2nd largest communication base in the world. The
internet is driving technology adoption across India, and creating
new business opportunities across various sectors
Digital Indian program which is based on 9 different small
subprograms can be categorized as:
a) Broadband Highways: 2.5 Lakh gram panchayat will be
connected by Broadband Internet.
b) Universal Access to Mobile Connectivity: By 2018 all
villages covered through mobile connectivity.
c) Public Internet Access: Expand of common service centre
(CSC) from 1.35 Lakh to 1.5 Lakh
d) E-Governance: Electronic databases, workflow automation.
e) E-Kranti: Electronic delivery for all services.
f) Global Information: online hosting of the platform.
g) Electronic Manufacturing: Focus on development of smart
devices.
h) IT Training: Training in software tools.
i) Early Harvest Programme: Biometric system in every Govt.
office.
As reported by NASCOM [15] in the report entitled Internet in
India by 2020, India will have 730M Internet user, 75% of the
new user growth will come from rural areas, mobile content video
to grow at an 83% CAGR in next coming 5year that will lead to
the use of smartphones and portable device. 70% e-commerce
transaction will be done by mobile phones, and 75% new internet
users consume content in local language. These factors will cause
a growth of IoT market in the country to $15B by 2020 from
$5.6B. Also, it is predicted that 60% of the total IoT market in
India which is industrial IoT will be the major booster in the
country. Whereas, Consumer IoT, which includes smart home
devices as well as wearable’s, will account for the remaining
market. Smart cities and Digital India program will provide a vast
market in the IoT field. Under the Smart Cities project, Govt.
plant to turn 100 selected cities into smart cities. Smart cities will
have all smart facilities like smart transportation, smart devices to
control energy, water management plant and so forth. This all has
lead to a quick expansion of the IoT sector in India, and to furnish
the smart cities objective as well as in monitoring for sustainable
development for smart environments and integerated ecosystem.
Digital India program with a vision of Transforming India into
Digital Empowered Society & Knowledge Economy launched
with the aim to take India towards an era of digitalization and to
ensure that all Government services are available to citizen
electronically; which will be possible by the IoT. The rapid
growth of E-Commerce, the rise of tech-savvy consumers, and
increasing penetration of internet and smartphones are set to
expand both the consumer and industrial IoT business in India.
IoT industry going to hit every sector and will be providing
solutions for Security, Forecast and Predictions, Agriculture,
Software, hardware, Energy, Health, Smart House and Building,
Transportation, Industry, Wearables.
In the world of exponential technology, things are moving faster
than the imagination and expectation. If the number of connected
devices grew even at the pace which is predicted by Wresearch,
then IoT market will grow at 28% in next 3 years, and as per
Gartner, the number of devices connected to the Internet will be
13.5B in 2020 as compared to current 4B devices. Hence there is
a big opportunity for IoT industry to grow and prosper in India
[16].
B. Internet of Things Technology in Energy and Water
Domain
Internet of Things technology is showing smart solutions in the
field of water quality monitoring and water management with
advanced communication technology [17]. The applications of
smart water quality monitoring includes Smart monitoring with
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International Journal of Engineering & Technology
the help of IoT for environment and water domain is simplifying
the challenge and hence will be used as a next-gen tool to
implement with the smart cities and many more areas for
communities, housing societies etc. that includes for domestic
running water [18]; domestic stored water [18]; lake, river, sea
water, environmental monitoring [18]; aquaculture centers [18];
drinking water distribution systems [19, 20]; water and air quality
[21] and many more application. This will not only improve the
ecosystem but also will be helpful more the early warning system
to avoid many problems.
Analysis of the 640+ IoT Projects in the list (Segmented by IoT
Segment and Location) is explained and represented in Fig. 1.
This list includes 280+ projects in the Americas, 140+ in
connected industry (22%), and 120+ in Smart City environments
(20%).
Fig. 1: Analysis of 640+ Projects for IoT Technology [22]
5. Restrains, Threats and Challenges
A. Concern Regarding Security: Internet of Things to
Internet of Insecure Things
Today the digital world is like a Galaxy in which all stars, planets,
and everything which can be found in the universe exists and that
too expanding at a rapid rate. With the Internet, everyone relates
to the world, From Bank account to our personal detail are now
digitally available which both Government as well as private
organize uses, sometimes for government benefiting schemes and
some time to advertise and marketing. IoT is growing at a
dangerously fast pace in each sector and impacted every part of
our lives including homes, offices, cars and even now on our
bodies. Although this technology has made it possible to do the
things which we have only imagines or seen in Sci-fi movie, still
IoT has its own flaws and negative aspect too. This technology
has not attracted only consumer-oriented industry and research
groups but also to the cybercriminals who are always ahead and
looking for the loop to break into everywhere More digitalization
means more connected people, and with IoT means more
connected devices which mean more attack and more possibilities
for a cyber hacker to attack us [23]. This has to be taken care of
very seriously otherwise we'll soon be facing an inevitable
disaster.
B. DATA and Concern
As predicted by Cisco, IoT will generate data of 507.5ZB per year
by 2019 globally (42.3ZB per month) as compared to 134.5ZB) in
2014. This will be 269 times higher than the amount of data being
transmitted to data centres from end-user devices and 49 times
higher than the total data centres traffic by 2019. Today IoT
devices share a 2% of the world's total data which will be raised
up to 10% by 2020 as predicted by EMC/IDC. This huge
repository where IoT data is being stored could be a target for the
corporate hackers and industry people who directly or indirectly
rely on the data of the client, consumer to gain more profit.
Recent massive data breaches and data theft cases have already
shown urgency of more effort to secure IoT-related data to ensure
the privacy of consumers and the functionality of businesses and
corporations. Although a significant impact already exists,
Gartner notes [24] that both IoT and the business models
associated with it are immature at this point, hence the huge
transformation that the economy – and maybe even society as a
whole – will face from the Internet of Things is still to come [16].
Based on the small survey by HP, there is a huge rise in the
connected devices over the year, as explained in Table 1.
Table 1: Comparison of Connected Devices (Source: Hewlett-Packard)
Year
Number of Connected Devices
1990
0.3 M
1999
90.0 M
2010
5.0 B
2013
9.0 B
2025
1.0 T
C. What More Need to be done?
At the pace IoT devices have come in human life; the securities
needed to be taken care more seriously as have not taken
previously. Major steps need to be taken into these areas and
Government direct involvement and strict laws are required to
secure things. Also, strict laws for the cybercrime need to be
implemented. While the effort to tackle security, issues regarding
IoT devices is laudable, it isn’t enough to ensure that can leverage
the full power of this modern technology in a secure environment.
The gateways that connect IoT devices to company and
International Journal of Engineering & Technology
1221
manufacturer networks need to be secured as well as the devices
themselves, most of the devices can be accessed remotely and are
connected with the internet [25].
This kind of devices could be a very easy tool for the hackers to
control. One time authentication process for the devices
controlled by the human could be one of the best sources of
infiltration into company networks. Thus, increase the concern to
secure the overall security of the system. As with the evolution of
the smart devices, not just password but biometric information
can also be hacked very easily if the necessary step is not taken
by the manufacturer or the service provider. Those days are gone
when only social securities and password like details were
accessible through cybercrime. With the latest portable
technology, smart devices with inbuilt retina scanner and
fingerprint scanner, wearable devices to monitor your health
record everything is connected on the Internet which means
somehow everything is accessible to the people who want to miss
use it.
Few things which need to be considered very seriously or could
be a threat to this rapidly growing technology is to understand its
threat at the very beginning before the problem become
unmanageable. Things need to be considered includes Privacy
Concerns, Insufficient Authorization, Encryption, Interface,
Insecure Software [26]. IoT has a tendency to create a future
which seems to be impossible as of now and could bring a whole
new market to every sector and benefits to each and individual if
taken carefully, However, if not managed properly than could
create the problem which is unimaginable.
6. Conclusion
If the number of connected things grew at twice Cisco’s predicted
annualized rate, we will have 223 billion connected things, or
12% of the total, by 2020. At a little less than quadruple Cisco’s
forecast, we would be talking 1.5 trillion connected things, or
82% of the total, by the end of the decade. IoT which already has
taken its rapid growth and is the demand in the market. IoT which
share currently 2% of the data used by the devices will grow up to
32B devices by 2020 representing 10% of the world's data
(EMC/IDC). The sensing, monitoring and connectivity elements
of IoT are being widely used together to prevent and mitigate the
effects of natural disasters and in verge to become an eco-friendly
technology which benefits not only the environment [27] but
mankind as the whole.
7. Acknowledgment
Authors are extremely thankful to Tech Counsellor Team for
support in the research activity on IoT domain, and Seemant
Institute of Technology.
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