Content uploaded by Adriana Pavelková
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Adriana Pavelková on Aug 20, 2019
Content may be subject to copyright.
Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences
vol. 12, 2018, no. 1, p. XX-XX
doi: https://doi.org/10.5219/XXX
Received: 12 March 2018. Accepted: 12 March 2018.
Available online: 23 June 2018 at www.potravinarstvo.com
© 2018 Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences, License: CC BY 3.0
ISSN 1337-0960 (online)
!"
" #LACTOBACILLUS FERMENTUM
Peter Haščík, Henrieta Arpášová, Adriana Pavelková, Marek Bobko, Juraj Čuboň, Ondřej Bučko
$%$&'('$%&%$)
$*$%$%&))$+
,-- & .-/)$( 0 *& 123-4+$ *&
$( ($ %& %5 ($ ' + $ 5&%
*& ( *67 178 $%49, 178 $% &)
&&% Lactobacillus fermentum4 . ( ($ %& %5 *
%)%517+:,7+'4($%";*($
%51,7+:.3+'4*%'%%+#9$*&(&
$%+*&0,'+$%(';
(9&9$+#$9($$&&
$% $ %) % ($ &) < $ $%
%&$)%+$)%9$&$5&%
*&.($$1,,+=/*+7--*>74(1P?-+-34%&*&
1,.+0, *+7-- *>74+ $ $*$ % ( *@' $*$
$ 1P ?-+-34 $ * ($ % 1 > =+-/ *+7--*>7A
$ > -+/B %*+7--*>74 % ( 5&% *& ($
%) % &) 1 > =+73 *+7--*>7A $ > -+/B %*+7--*>74
%&*&1>C+73*+7--*>7A$>-+C-%*+7--*>74+%*&
(9 ( %%$ && % 9 &' %)%
($&)*)$ .-/+
$%%&9$%9$%9'&&%
D' $ (' ) %&
$ %9 &'
$%'$,7 '
! *$&D'
' ' * $
'9 $' %
%'&&$
"#$%& '!+ 9 $ %
$ &
$ ($
* ' D' %E
&)' ($)$& !
' % & %&
%& $% + %&
%5 ) $
$ ($ *)
9 &)9 &) ;'%
&& * +,
-.& & -$%) /! $
&& )
$*($&%
$ ' ) 0&12
! $ $ (
$ $% $%
$$+
$ %& $
&&% %' $
&% )
($$ ( ) )' $ & !
,--B &' $)'+
$ ) *($
&% $ 5
))$
9 ($ %*
F % & )
Volume 12 1 No. 1/2018
) & . 3,4.)
! $ % )
*($&% $ ) ) %'
9 ) '
%*&$*
+ % 9 $ &
) ) $
&'9%%'&
%($$*)$
25#+!
$ ) &)% &' *
'F&&'$
% % #- &
-#6 /, 4# ! )
*
) 3, & &
#!$$%)'
%%$'*%$
%& * %9
%'&$*(
. 3! $% $(
)9 9 $'
%)<%$)'
%& $ %' *'
% & )' * *($
9*5&&*
%$*$0&
, 612$ ,
-/!%(
) 5 * $
) * %)
*'&7
! $% ) %5 $
$&))
*($&% ) &
!
%*%&'
& ( + $' % $>
% %9 *
% ($ 5'* *
$'+ $ $9 )
%9$'5'9)'9)5'9
% $'' *&
& (6- , 89
:!
)#; ! $$ $%
$ & < *($9 %
D'9 $9
&%%$)$
* + %
' * %& *
* $
%&5 %5 &'%
$'$%($%&)5'
$(6-!$
$% &)&'
$*(&(##
/! $) ) $ $%
$ ( &'
&% *($ 612$ ,
($&$ & ($ ! $ $%
)$ &< $ *($
%61<$
,0=>#$&:,)#;
,($&$ & ($
!
$ %%&
<*% D' !
)@ * % D'
$ ) * )'
&&%*)9&'*
&)2#
+!+ %* $ &) 9
&) &%*
)9 (+ )
@ %) &&%
$ )@' < $ $ % )'
%&* $ %) )
;-? ,&-.&
3! ) (*
* %*% ($ && &
< * G &* %'
) &&* %' < <
&# & @&#A !
) 9 >&$* )
$ ) $ $$ )
$ 4$&&&,
55 3, & 3!
$( $ '
&&% ) 1+*+
Lactobacillus4 %& $ &%
;$.$,$
! $ $ *($ ($
&) %' ) &' ) $
$*$
$9 ($$ %& $ *
-;B$ & -$.$
3! H $ & (
' $$>&%* &&
G* $ $ ) -$.
,5.&349(
D' $ ** 8-&2
, &2%$C%D !
$ % 1=*$? :,
1; 3, >ECF; /,
G&2'!
$ ' ( * * $
< '$%
&) && ) Lactobacillus
fermentum % $%%&
.-/)$+
(0*(0>*47
Animal and diets
$ 5&% ( ; $
"&%'%%
%$5&%&'$
*%IJ'+
' 5&% ,-- >'>
.-/ % $') $( +
$ ( %; *&9
$ * 3- )+ $
*& ( ) &
)*9 ($ %5%% & $
)*..*+%>,+"*$*
Volume 12 2 No. 1/2018
&9$*$*%),.$*$
7$(+
$ %& $ )** $
5&%(.7>..K,->
,,K*$5&%+$%&
( % * $>
&*$+
$ * 0, '+ $ *
&*% $ &$6 17 :
,7 ' *49 *(1,, : .3$ '
*49 @$ 1.B$ : 0, ' *4+
( ( && ad libitum.
%& %& %5
&)7+
*& ( %&
%5 ($ ' + L&
$ 7 ( * 78
&&%+ $*&%
, ( * 78
&& % &)
&&% & ( 1-+-. * & &4
*&.*%)
%5 ($ % ";
1$*3*";4*($
%5 * %'%
% 1$ * 7,- *
%'4+
$ 5&%9 $ &) &&
M&M ) Lactobacillus fermentum
17+7-= ! & 7 * )* %%4 (
+
% &$ % % +++9
&& $%)
) 5$% %+ B,8 $%
' %9 $ 0/8 %
' %9 %
%9 )5'%$' %&5
($ $% )+ (
%5%%778+
#2-&.#.&
0, ' *9 $ ( (*$
*$ $ 5&%
*$$ !'
* + $ $% '
$ % 1) % ($ 9
$*$%($ )4
' &9 9 (
$ 9 ( &% *
7,B3';+
Statisic analysis
A statistical analysis was computed using the ANOVA
procedures of SAS software with using of Enterprise
Guide 4.2 application (version 9.3, SAS Institute Inc.,
USA, 2008). Data were reported as mean ± standard
deviation. Statistical significance was calculated using t-
test. Differences between the groups were considered
significant at P ≤0.05.
1%&%5+
&2$&H!
>7=!
I?
2!
4>7=!
&I 3-?
2!
J$&$->7= !
/-I+&?
2!
G- .3+-- .3+-- .B+/,
($) .3+-- 0-+-- .C+--
1& . +:H
! ,7+.- 7/+C- ,-+--
J$-.'H! .+/- ,+-- >
$1 7+,3 7+,3 >
4#&$.& 7+-- 7+-3 7+7-
(&66$#.
K-K- 7+-- -+C- 7+--
J -+7- -+73 -+,-
$#.1$61& -+73 -+,- -+,3
*$& -+-3 -+-C -+,=
(-$&$& -+73 -+,, -+,=
L. ;& $
2? -+C- -+7B ,+3-
L.$A 0#.$A
3HM-+3- -+3- -+3-
Nutrient composition [g.kg-1]
*$&$66$ 7.937 7097= 709=7
J$1 .-97/ ,=9=. .-930
#K$& ,7-9CB 7=-90, 7C-93/
(0(;2=!7,9-7 7,9-. 7,9.C
- ,09,0 7=9=. ./90=
/973 C9,C C9.C
L B9C3 39C- B9--
79C- 79CC 79C.
N)&*%&%56%,3-----!A%,----%*A%
"./-----!A7,---%*A>&$.---%*A)G7/--%*A&'57
,--%*A$%B--%*A%/--%*A),----%*A0--%*A)
Volume 12 3 No. 1/2018
0-%*A)%/+-%*A$7-----%*A)3----%*A,----%*AO7B---
%*A70---%*A,0--%*A/-%*A,--%*A3-%*+
0*
$ 5&% ($ .-/
) $ $%
&)9 ($$ ( % '
$% &%9
& (6 $
&99 ( $
)$*$%*),+
% ); $ G
$ %& ;
%.3!
$ $*$ * &
%$)%
&&%(*&
($ 1,.+0, *+7-- *>74 $
( ( % 5&%
*& , ($ $%
&)1,,+0= *+7-- *>74+ 4+P$
' *@ < 1P ?-+-34
)( *& 5&%
*&,.+
$ $ $*$ % (
% $ ( &
7/+C-*+7--*>75&%*&
, ($ %) $%
&) Lactobacillus fermentum $
$*$ 5&% *& .
*%)%5
($ % "; *($
%5 * %'%
% 17=+=. *+7-- *>74+ P $
' *@ < 1P ?-+-34
)( 5&% *& 7
5&%*&,.+
)#;!$$%
%& ) $*$ %
) $ .-/
$% ) 1-+3A 7+- 7+3 84
+ & ( $ $*$
*&,,+=08$(*&
($ 78 $% )
1,,+0=84+ $ $*$ %9
& ( 7C+.,8 *&
7C+008*&($78$%)+
Ozturk et al. (2011) reported that addition of 1% humic
substance into fed for broiler chickens Ross 308 decreased
the protein content of thigh meat in relation to control
group and 1.5% humic substance, and the protein content
of breast meat compared to control group (P <0.10).
$ < * $% $
D' $ % ) $ ))
3--(%$($)&%D
/!+$'$
& ) % ( ,.+.B8
%& *& 1,.+3,84
$*$%(7=+CB8%&,-+7B8
*&+
&#E; ! $
%) % 1-+.84
&)L. fermentum ))
% D'+ & (
*& ,,+-C *+7-- *>7 %&
*&,7+C-*+7--*>7+
* $ )
%($(-+/0*+7--
*>7 5&% *& 7 ($
$%$$*$*7+=B
*+7-- *>7 *& ($ %
&) 15&%*& ,4+
$*$%($$*$
5&% *& , 1=+73
*+7--*>74 $ ( * C+73
*+7--*>7 5&% *& 7+ P$
' *@ <
1P ?-+-34 ) % )(
5&% *&7 0 $*$
% )( *&
5&%*&7,+
$ ( *
% $ ) % (
5&% *& 7 ($ -+B 8
$% 1-+/0 *+7-- *>74 $ $*$
(%5&%*&,
($$%&)17+=B
*+7-- *>74+ P $ '
*@ < 1P ?-+-34 )(
5&%*&70+
Volume 12 4 No. 1/2018
$ $ $*$ % (
%$$*$=+73
*+7-- *>7 5&% *& , ($
$% &)
Lactobacillus fermentum $ (
* *& (
1C+73 *+7-- *>74+ P $
' *@ < 1P ?-+-34
)( *& 5&%
*&7,+
$ ,+C3 *+7-- *>7 )
% 77+=/ *+7-- *>7 $*$ %
-+B8 $% *
%5)$))3--)
$($)&%D/!
)#;!
) $*$ % ) $
.-/78$%)
,+/7 *+7-- *>7 77+03 *+7-- *>79
&'+ $ ( )#;
! & )
$*$%%)$ .-/
,+BC *+7-- *>7 ) % 77+0.
*+7--*>7$*$%+
$))%9&#E;
4 & 7+0 *+7-- *>7
%&*&7+0.*+7--*>7
%$%
-+.8&)+
$ ( $ ) %
% ( *& C0+., *+7-- *>79
($ $ $*$ * (
% 5&% *& 7 ($
$%1CB+7.*+7--*>74$
( 5&% *& ($
%1.4C0+-=*+7--
*>7+ P $ ' *@
<1P?-+-34)(*&+
$$*$ % ()$ (
C-+0,*+7--*>7 5&%*&7
$$*$5&%*&,
C.+07 *+7-- *>7+ P $ '
*@ < 1P ?-+-34 )(
5&% *& 7 5&%
*&,.+
)#; ! $(9
$'%)%
) $ .-/ 78
$%),B+B,*+7--*>7
$*$ % .-+3, *+7-- *>7 %&
*&,B+/B*+7--*>7 ,=+0-*+7--
*>79&'+
$ ' % -+B8
$% %5 )
$ )) 3-- ( $ (
$)&%D/! ,/+7,*+7--*>7
) % $ $*$ %
..+-C*+7--*>7+
)#; ! %
'%)%)$
.-/,B+33 *+7--*>7 $*$%
.-+-C *+7-- *>7 78 $%
)+
$ 5&% &#E;
! ($ %
&) %5))&
$ ( C3+/C *+7-- *>7
5&% *& C3+3. *+7-- *>7
*&+
$ $ $ )
* % -+.. *+7-- *>7 15&%
*& 7 ($ $% 4 -+.=
*+7--*>7 15&%*&,($
$%&)4$*$%
%-+C-*+7--*>7 *&-+/B
*+7--*>75&%*&7,+
P $ ' *@
< 1P ?-+-34 ) %
)( *&9 ) $
$*$ % ( $ '
*@ < 1P ?-+-34 )(
*&5&%*& 7
,+
>ECF; /! $
) % ) .-/
%/B+0, %*+7--*>7 5&% *&
($&& =,97C
%*+7-- *>7 5&% *& ($
&) $*$ % ( %
77.+-/%*+7--*>7 1&)49 77/+B/ %*+7--
Volume 12 5 No. 1/2018
1$%%&)$*$%%1*+7--*>74+
L. .#6
L L L
L$& ,.+0,Q-+,7),.+,0Q-+0/) ,,+0=Q-+C/,,+=/Q-+7=
J 7+-=Q-+C=) -+/0Q-+,=7+=BQ7+-B)7+7CQ-+..)
G C0+.,Q-+C3 CB+7.Q,+37 C0+.0Q-+3C C0+-=Q-+,0
- -+.CQ-+-/ -+..Q-+-7 -+.=Q-+-B -+.0Q-+-7
-$2-.#6
L L L
L$& 7=+/3Q7+,/) 7=+00Q-+,/)7/+C-Q-+,=7=+=.Q-+.0
J C+73Q7+BB=+-/Q7+7=)=+73Q-+70)C+BCQ,+-3)
G C7+C.Q7+0C) C-+0,Q-+37C.+07Q7+B.)C.+.0Q,+B-)
- -+C-Q-+-3-+/BQ-+-3)-+/BQ-+-3)-+C/Q-+73)
*2& : *&A 79 ,9 . : 5&% *&A 9 ) : % ($ <
&&($<*@'1P ?-+-34+
*>7 1&&4 *& 7,7+,3
%*+7--*>7+
-. 3! *@'
$*$ &1P ?-+-34$
*&)&&%($
&%* ) % 1,/+33849
( $*$ % 1,.+0084 $ $
>&&% *& 1,B+,7 ,,+7/89
&'4+ 9 $ (
*@ 1P ?-+-34 $
)%$&%*>
&&% *& 1B,+/ %*+7-- *>74
%&($$1CC+00%*+7--*>74+
B.+70%*+7--*>71$*$%&%*4
%&($$1B3+C/%*+7--*>74+
*
$'$$($$
&& $% %)
$%($&) < $
$%%&)%+$
)%(1P ?-+-34
& 5&% *& . ($
%%& *&+
$*$ % ( ' $*$ 1P
?-+-34 $
5&% *& $ ($
%%)%
&) %& *&9
@%)'$$$9($
*$
$$$*$%)
$*&&%+
% * & (9 (
%%$&&%9
%) ($ &)
)$ .-/+
0J000
Abdel-Latif, K.O., El-Husseiny, O.M., Abdallah, A.G. 2008.
The Influence of Biological Feed Additives on Broiler
Performance. International Journal of Poultry Science, vol. 7,
no. 9, p. 862-871. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2008.862.871
Ahmed, S. T., Islam, M. M., Bostami, A. B. M. R., Mun, H.,
Kim, Y., Yang. C. 2015. Meat composition, fatty acid profile
and oxidative stability of meat from broilers supplemented
with pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) by-products. Food
Chemistry, vol. 188, p. 481-488.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.04.140
Alkhalf, A., Alhaj, M., Al-Homidan, I. 2010. Influence of
probiotic supplementation on blood parameters and growth
performance in broiler chickens. Saudi Journal of Biological
Sciences, vol. 17, no. 3, p. 219-225.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2010.04.005
Angelovičová, M., Alfaig, E., Král, M., Tkáčová, J. 2013.
The effect of the probiotics Bacillus Subtilis (PB6) on the
selected indicators of the table eggs quality, fat and
cholesterol. Potravinarstvo, vol. 7, no. 1, p. 80-84.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5219/271
Bai, S. P., Wu, A. M., Sing, X. M., Lei, Y., Bai, J., Zhang, K.
Y., Chio, J. S. 2013. Effects of probiotic-supplemented diets
on growth performance and intestinal immune characteristics
of broiler chickens. Poultry Science, vol. 92, no. 3, p. 663-
670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.2012-02813
Bajaj, B., Claes, I., Lebeer, S. 2015. Functional mechanisms
of probiotics. Journal Of Microbiology, Biotechnology And
Food Sciences, vol. 4, no. 4, p. 321-327.
http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/jmbfs.2015.4.4.321-327
Bernardeau. M., Vernoux, J. 2013. Overview of differences
between microbial feed additives and probiotics for food
regarding regulation, growth promotion effects and health
properties and consequences for extrapolation of farm animal
results to humans. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, vol.
19, no. 4, p. 321-330. https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-
0691.12130
Blajman, J., Gaziano, C., Zbrun, M. V., Soto, L., Astesana,
D., Berisvil, A., Scharpen, Signorini, M., Frizzo, L. 2015. In
vitro and in vivo screening of native lactic acid bacteria
toward their selection as a probiotic in broiler chickens.
Research in Veterinary Science, vol. 101, p. 50-56.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.05.017
Bobko, M., Haščík, P., Bobková, A., Pavelková, A.,
Tkáčová, J., Trembecká, L. 2015. Lipid oxidation in chicken
meat after application of bee pollen extract, propolis extract
and probiotic in their diets. Potravinarstvo, vol. 9, no. 1, p.
342-346. http://dx.doi.org/10.5219/495
Brenes E., Roura A. 2010. Essential oils in poultry nutrition:
Main effects and modes of action. Animal Feed Science and
Technology. 2010. vol. 158, no. 1-2, p. 1-14.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2010.03.007
Ceylan, N., Ciftci, I., Ilhan, Z. 2003. Effects of Some
Alternative Feed Additives for Antibiotic Growth Promoters
on Performance and Gut Microflora of Broilers. Turkish
Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, vol. 27, no. 3, p.
727-733.
Corzo A., Fritts C. A., Kidd M. T., Kerr B. J. 2005.
Response of broiler chicks to essential and nonessential
amino acid supplementation of low crude protein diets.
Animal Feed Science and Technology, vol. 118, no. 3-4, p.
319-327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2004.11.007
Daneshmand, A., Sadeghi, G. H., Karimi, A., Vaziry, A.,
Ibrahim, S. A. 2015. Evaluating complementary effects of
ethanol extract of propolis with the probiotic on growth
performance, immune response and serum metabolites in
male broiler chickens. Livestock Science, vol. 178, p. 195-
201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2015.04.012
El-Husseiny, O. M., Abdallah, A. G., Abdel-Latif, K. O.
2008. The influence of biological feed additives on broiler
performance. International Journal of Poultry Science, vol. 7,
no. 9, p. 862-871. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2008.862.871
Enberg, R. M., Hedemann. M. S., Leser, T. D., Jensen, B. B.
2000. Effect of Zinc Bacitracin and Salinomycin on Intestinal
Microflora and Performance of Broilers. Poultry Science, vol.
79, no. 9, p. 1311-1319. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/79.9.1311
Eren, M., Deniz, G., Gezen, S. S., Türkmen, I. I. 2000.
Broyler yemlerine kat lan humatlar n besiperformans, serum
mineral konsantrasyonu ve kemik külü üzerine etkileri.
Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 47, no.
3, p. 255-263. https://doi.org/10.1501/vetfak_0000000463
Giannenas, I., Papadopoulos, E., Tsalie, E., Triantafillou, E.,
Henikl, S., Teichmann, K., Tontis, D. 2012. Assessment of
dietary supplementation with probiotics on performance,
intestinal morphology and microflora of chickens infected
with Eimeria tenella. Veterinary Parasitology, vol. 188, no. 1-
2, p. 31-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.02.017
Gomez, S., Angeles, M. L., Mojica, M. C., Jalukar, S. 2012.
Combination of an enzymatically hydrolyzed yeast and yeast
culture with a direct-fed microbial in the feeds of broiler
Volume 12 6 No. 1/2018
chickens. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, vol.
25, no. 5, p. 665-673. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2011.11316
Gous R. M. 2010. Nutritional limitations on growth and
development in poultry. Livestock Science, vol. 130, no. 1-3,
p. 25–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2010.02.007
Haščík, P., Trembecká, L., Bobko, M., Kačániová, M.,
Čuboň, J., Kunová, S., Bučko, O. 2016. Effect of diet
supplemented with propolis extract and probiotic additives on
performance, carcass characteristics and meat composition of
broiler chickens. Potravinarstvo, vol. 10, 2016, no. 1, p. 223-
231. http://dx.doi.org/10.5219/581
Haščík, P., Trembecká, L., Bobko, M., Čuboň, J., Bučko, O.,
Tkáčová, J. 2015. Evaluation of Meat Quality after
Application of Different Feed Additives in Diet of Broiler
Chickens. Potravinarstvo, vol. 9, no. 1, p. 174-182.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5219/429
Islam, K. M. S., Schuhmacher, A., Gropp, J. M. 2005.
Humic acid substances in animal agriculture. Pakistan
Journal of Nutrition, vol. 4, no. 3, p. 126-134.
https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2005.126.134
Joo, S. T., Kim, G. D, Hwang, Y. H., Ryu, Y. C. 2013.
Control of fresh meat quality through manipulation of muscle
fiber characteristics. Meat Science, vol. 95, no. 4, p. 828-836.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.04.044
Kabir, S. M. L., Rahman, M. M., Rahman, M. B., Rahman,
M. M., Ahmed, S. U. 2004. The Dynamics of Probiotics on
Growth Performance and Immune Response in Broilers.
International Journal of Poultry Science, vol. 3, no. 5, p. 361-
364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2004.361.364
Karaoglu, M., Aksu, M. I., Esenbuga, N., Kaya, M., Macit,
M., Durdag, H. 2004. Effect of dietary probiotic on the pH
and colour characteristics of carcasses, breast fillets and
drumsticks of broilers. Animal Science, vol. 78, no. 2, p. 253-
259. https://doi.org/10.1080/10942910500267364
Khaksefidi, A., Rahimi, S. H. 2005. Effect of Probiotic
Inclusion in the Diet of Broiler Chickens on Performance,
Feed Efficiency and Carcass Quality. Asian-Australasian
Journal of Animal Sciences, vol. 18, no. 8, p. 1153-1156.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2005.1153
Kluth H., Rodehutscord M. Metodinių aspektų reikšmė
amino rūgščių precekalinio virškinamumo tyrimuose su
naminiais paukščiais. Veterinarija ir zootechnika. 2006. vol.
35, p. 36-42.
Kocabağli, N., Alp, M., Acar, N, Kahraman, R. 2002. The
effects of dietary humate supplemantation on broiler growth
and carcass. Poultry Science, vol. 81, no. 2, p. 227-230.
https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/81.2.227
Lee, K. W., Everts, H., Beynen, A. C. 2004. Essential oils in
broiler nutrition. International Journal Poultry Science, vol.
3, no. 12, p. 738-752.
https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2004.738.752
Lee, K. W., Everts, H., Kappert, H. J., Frehner, M., Losa, R.,
Beynen, A. C. 2003. Effects of dietary essential oil
components on growth performance, digestive enzymes and
lipid metabolism in female broiler chickens. British Poultry
Science, vol. 44, no. 3, p. 450-457.
https://doi.org/10.1080/0007166031000085508
MacCarthy, P. 2001. The principles of humic substances.
Soil Science, vol. 166, no. 11, p. 38-751.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-200111000-00003
Miezeliene, A., Alencikiene, G., Gruzauskas, R., Barstys, T.
2011. The effect of dietary selenium supplementation on meat
quality of broiler chickens. Biotechnology, Agronomy, Society
and Environment, vol. 15, no. S1, p. 61-69.
Mirnawati, Y. R., Marlida, Y. 2013. Effects of humic acid
addition via drinking water on the performance of broilers fed
diets containing fermented and non-fermented palm kernel
cake. Archiva Zootechnica, vol. 16, no. 1, p. 41-53.
Mutus, R., Kocabagli, N., Alp, M., Acar, N., Eren, M.,
Gezen, S. S. 2006. The effect of dietary probiotic
supplementation on tibial bone characteristics and strength in
broilers. Poultry Science, vol. 85, no. 9, p. 1621-1625.
https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/85.9.1621
Nagaraju R., Reddy B.S.V., Glorid o s s R., Suresh B.N.,
Ramesh C. 2014. Effect of dietary supplementation of humic
acids on performance of broilers. The Indian Journal of
Animal Sciences, vol. 84, no. 4, p. 447-452.
Ondruška, Ľ., Chrastinová, Ľ., Rafay, J., Pospíšilová, D.,
Parkányi, V. 2012. Effect of humic substances and probiotics
on growth performance and meat quality of rabbits.
Potravinárstvo, vol. 6, no. 2, p. 39-41.
https://doi.org/10.5219/192
O’Sullivan, M. G. 2017. A Handbook for Sensory and
Consumer-Driven New Product Development. Cambridge :
Woodhead Publishing. 370 p. ISBN 978-0-08-100352-7.
Ozturk, E., Ocak, N., Coskun, I., Turhan, S., Erener, G.
2010. Effects of humic substances supplementation provided
through drinking water on performance, carcass traits and
meat quality of broilers. Journal of Animal Physiology and
Animal Nutrition, vol. 94, no. 1, p. 78-85. .
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0396.2008.00886.x
Ozturk, E., Ocak, N., Turan, A., Erener, G., Altop, A.,
Cankaya, S. 2011. Performance, carcass, gastrointestinal tract
and meat quality traits, and selected blood parameters of
broilers fed diets supplemented with humic substances.
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, vol. 92, no. 1,
p. 59-65. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.4541
Rath, N.C., Huff, W.E., Huff, G.R. 2006. Effects of humic
acid on broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 2006, vol. 85, no. 3,
p. 410-414. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/85.3.410
Shalmany, K. S., Shivazad, M. 2006. The Effect of Diet
Propolis Supplementation on Ross Broiler Chicks
Performance. International Journal of Poultry Science, vol. 5,
no. 1, p. 84-88. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2006.84.88
Reitznerová, A., Nagy, J., Marcinčák, S., Mačanga, J.,
Vaško, L., Vašková, J., Poláková, Z. 2016. The effect of
humic acids on oxidative stability of frozen chicken.
Bezpečnosť a kontrola potravín : Zborník prác z XIII.
Vedeckej konferencie s medzinárodnou účasťou, Nitra : SPU,
p. 182-185. ISBN 978-80-552-1481-8.
Shim, Y. H., Ingale, S. L., Kim, J. S., Kim, K. H., Seo, D.
K., Lee, S. C., Chae, B. J., Kwon, I. K. 2012. A multi-microbe
probiotic formulation processed at low and high drying
temperatures: effects on growth performance, nutrient
retention and caecal microbiology of broilers. British Poultry
Science, vol. 53, no. 4, p. 482-490.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2012.690508
Taklimi, S. M. S. M., Lotfollahian, H., Shahne, A. Z.,
Mirzaei, F., Alinejad, A. 2012. Study on efficacy of probiotic
in broiler chickens diet. Agricultural Sciences, vol. 3, no. 1, p.
5-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/as.2012.31002
Tateo, A., De Palo, P., Maggiolino, A., Centoducati, P. 2013.
Post-thawing colour changes in meat of foals as affected by
feeding level and post-thawing time. Archives Animal
Breeding, vol. 56, no. 29, p. 293-302.
Uyeno, Y., Shigemori, S., & Shimosato, T. 2015. Effect of
Probiotics/Prebiotics on Cattle Health and Productivity.
Microbes and Environments, vol. 30, no. 2, p. 126-132.
https://doi.org/10.1264/jsme2.me14176
Wang, Y., Jing Sun, Hang Zhong, Nianzhen Li, Hengyong
Xu, Qing Zhu, Yiping Liu. 2017. Effect of probiotics on the
meat flavour and gut microbiota of chicken. Scientific
Volume 12 7 No. 1/2018
Reports. vol. 7, no. 1, p. 6400.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-06677-z
Yasar, S., Gokcimen, A., Altuntas, I., Yonden, Z.,
Petekkaya, E. 2002. Performance and ileal histomorphology
of rats treated with humic acid preparations. Journal of
Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, vol. 86, no. 7-8, p.
257-264. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0396.2002.00383.x
Zhang, J. L., Xie, Q. M., Ji, J., Yang, W. H., Wu, Y. B., Li,
C., Ma, J. Y., Bi, Y. Z. 2012. Different combinations of
probiotics improve the production performance, egg quality,
and immune response of layer hens Poultry Science, vol. 91,
no. 11, p. 2755-2760, https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2012-02339
Zralý, Z., Písaříková, B., 2010. Effect of sodium humate on
the content of trace elements in organs of weaned piglets.
Acta Veterinaria Brno, vol. 79, no. 1, p. 73-79.
https://doi.org/10.2754/avb201079010073
&6
+*+RSI9$"+9!'
*9'#$*'
9 "&% %
*9 + +
,9 =0= CB 9 9 >%6
&+$T*+
+ *+ &URU9 $"+9
"&% ' % %
)'9 ' *)*'
9 !' *
9 + ,9 =0= CB 9
9>%6$+&T*+
*+ *+ 9 $"+9
!' * 9 '
#$*'9"&%
%*9
++,9=0=CB99>%6
+&T*+
+ *+ #)9 $"+9
!' * 9 '
#$*'9"&%
%*9
++,9=0=CB99>%6
%+))T*+
&+*+VW)J9+9!'
*9'#$*'
9 "&% %
*9 + +
,9 =0= CB 9 9 >%6
VV+)T*+
*+XV#S9$"+9!'
*9'*)*'
9 "&% %
)'9 + + ,9 =0= CB 9
9>%6V+)T*+
Volume 12 8 No. 1/2018