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Abstract

The aim of the present study was analysed and evaluated chemical parameters of chicken breast and thigh muscles after addition of humic acids and probiotic into diet for broiler chicken. A total of 200 pcs Ross 308 broiler chickens were divided into 4 groups (n=50). The control group of chickens was fed with complete feed mixtures without any additives. Chickens in experiment groups were fed a diet containing: P1 (1% of humic acid), P2 (1% of humic acid and probiotic supplement Lactobacillus fermentum) and P3 were fed with complete feed mixture containing combination of starter feed mixture (1. - 21. day) with coccidiostaticum Diclazuril and growth feed mixture (21. - 35. day) containing Salinomycinum sodium. Besides, the groups were kept under the same conditions. Fattening period lasted for 42 days. Chicken meat was analyzed for content of water, crude protein, fat and cholesterol. Based on the results, we can state that the application of humic acids or the combination of Humac Natur with probiotic did not affect the chemical composition of the breast muscle. In the breast muscle, the protein content in the experimental group P3 with the coccidiostat (22.98 g.100 g-1) was reduced (p ≤0.05) compared to control group (23.42 g.100 g-1). In the case of thigh muscle was significantly higher content of fat and cholesterol (p ≤0.05) in chickens feeding with addition of Humac Natur (fat - 9.08 g.100g-1; cholesterol - 0.86 mg.100g-1) and similar results were recorded in experimental group with combination of Humac Natur and probiotic (fat - 9.15 g.100g-1; cholesterol - 0.86 mg.100g-1) compared to control group (fat - 7.15 g.100g-1; cholesterol - 0.70 mg.100g-1). From a general point of view, we can recommend the application of Humac Natur, respectively combination Humac Natur with probiotics in feeding of broiler chickens Ross 308.

Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences
vol. 12, 2018, no. 1, p. XX-XX
doi: https://doi.org/10.5219/XXX
Received: 12 March 2018. Accepted: 12 March 2018.
Available online: 23 June 2018 at www.potravinarstvo.com
© 2018 Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences, License: CC BY 3.0
ISSN 1337-0960 (online)
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" #LACTOBACILLUS FERMENTUM
Peter Haščík, Henrieta Arpášová, Adriana Pavelková, Marek Bobko, Juraj Čuboň, Ondřej Bučko
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$$+
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    9  ($  %*  
F  %  &    )  
Volume 12 1 No. 1/2018

) & . 3,4.)
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*($&% $ ) )  %'
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+  %  9      $  &
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25#+!
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'F&&'$
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#!$$%)'
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.   3!  $%  $(
)9   9   $'   
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%&   $   %'      *'  
%   &   )'   *   *($
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-/!%(
)  5    *   $
)   * %)
*'&7
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*($&% ) &
 !
%*%&'
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%    %9  *
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%9$'5'9)'9)5'9
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:!
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  $  &  <    *($9 %
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%&5  %5    &'%  
$'$%($%&)5'
$(6-!$
$% &)&'
$*(&(##
/! $) ) $ $% 
    $      (    &'
&%  *($ 612$      ,
($&$ & ($  ! $ $%
)$ &<  $ *($
%61<$
,0=>#$&:,)#;
    ,($&$  &  ($
 !
$ %%&
<*% D'     !
  )@    *    %  D'
$    )  *  )'
&&%*)9&'*
&)2#
+!+   %*  $  &)  9
&)        &%*
 )9  (+ ) 
@        %)    &&%
$  )@'  <  $  $  %  )'
%&*  $    %)  )
;-? ,&-.& 
3!     )  (* 
* %*% ($ && &
<    *  G    &*  %'
) &&* %' < <
&# & @&#A   !
)    9  >&$*  )
$ )  $ $$  ) 
$ 4$&&&,
55      3,  &      3!
    $(  $  '
&&%        )  1+*+
Lactobacillus4  %&  $  &%  
;$.$,$
  ! $  $  *($  ($
&)  %'  )  &'  )    $
$*$
$9  ($$  %&  $  *  
 -;B$ & -$.$
3! H  $ & (
'    $$>&%*  &&
G* $ $  ) -$.
,5.&349(
  D'    $  ** 8-&2    
, &2%$C%D    ! 
$  % 1=*$?      :,
1;      3,  >ECF;      /,
G&2'!
$  '  (  *    *  $
< '$%
&)  &&  )   Lactobacillus
fermentum  % $%%& 
.-/)$+
(0*(0>*47
Animal and diets
$  5&%  (  ;    $
"&%'%%
%$5&%&'$
*%IJ'+
 ' 5&%  ,-- >'>
.-/ % $') $( +
$  (  %;      *&9
$  *  3-  )+  $  
  *&  (  )    &
)*9 ($ %5%% &  $
)*..*+%>,+"*$*
Volume 12 2 No. 1/2018

&9$*$*%),.$*$
7$(+
$  %&    $  )**    $
5&%(.7>..K,->
,,K*$5&%+$%&
(  %  *    $>
&*$+
$  *    0,  '+  $  *
&*% $ &$6  17 :
,7 ' *49 *(1,, : .3$ ' 
*49    @$  1.B$ :  0, '    *4+
    (  (  && ad libitum.
%&    %&    %5  
&)7+
    *&  (    %&  
%5  ($  '  +  L&  
$ 7 ( * 78 
&&%+ $*&%
  ,  (      *  78  
&& %      &)
&&% &  ( 1-+-. * & &4
*&.*%)
  %5  ($  %  ";
1$*3*";4*($
  %5  *  %'%
% 1$  *    7,-  *  
%'4+
  $  5&%9  $  &)  &&
M&M  )   Lactobacillus fermentum
17+7-= ! & 7 *  )* %%4 (
+
%   &$  %  %  +++9
  && $%) 
)  5$%  %+ B,8  $%
    '  %9   $  0/8    %
    '  %9  %    
%9 )5'%$'  %&5
($  $%  )+   (
%5%%778+
#2-&.#.&
  0,  '    *9  $  (  (*$
  *$    $  5&%
*$$      !'  
* + $ $% ' 
$  %  1)  %  ($  9
$*$%($  )4
  '      &9  9  (  
$ 9 ( &% * 
7,B3';+
Statisic analysis
A statistical analysis was computed using the ANOVA
procedures of SAS software with using of Enterprise
Guide 4.2 application (version 9.3, SAS Institute Inc.,
USA, 2008). Data were reported as mean ± standard
deviation. Statistical significance was calculated using t-
test. Differences between the groups were considered
significant at P ≤0.05.
1%&%5+
&2$&H!
>7=!
I?
2!
4>7=!
&I 3-?
2!
J$&$->7= !
 /-I+&?
2!
G- .3+-- .3+-- .B+/,
($) .3+-- 0-+-- .C+--
1&  .  +:H
! ,7+.- 7/+C- ,-+--
J$-.'H! .+/- ,+-- >
$1 7+,3 7+,3 >
4#&$.& 7+-- 7+-3 7+7-
(&66$#.
K-K- 7+-- -+C- 7+--
J -+7- -+73 -+,-
$#.1$61& -+73 -+,- -+,3
*$& -+-3 -+-C -+,=
(-$&$& -+73 -+,, -+,=
L.  ;&  $
2? -+C- -+7B ,+3-
L.$A  0#.$A  
3HM-+3- -+3- -+3-
Nutrient composition [g.kg-1]
*$&$66$ 7.937 7097= 709=7
J$1 .-97/ ,=9=. .-930
#K$& ,7-9CB 7=-90, 7C-93/
(0(;2=!7,9-7 7,9-. 7,9.C
- ,09,0 7=9=. ./90=
 /973 C9,C C9.C
L B9C3 39C- B9--
 79C- 79CC 79C.
N)&*%&%56%,3-----!A%,----%*A%
"./-----!A7,---%*A>&$.---%*A)G7/--%*A&'57
,--%*A$%B--%*A%/--%*A),----%*A0--%*A)
Volume 12 3 No. 1/2018

0-%*A)%/+-%*A$7-----%*A)3----%*A,----%*AO7B---
%*A70---%*A,0--%*A/-%*A,--%*A3-%*+
0*
$   5&% ($  .-/
)  $        $%  
  &)9  ($$  (  %    '
    $%  &%9  
&    (6  $      
&99 (  $  
)$*$%*),+
%  ); $  G 
$      %&  ;  
%.3!
 $ $*$ *    &
%$)%
&&%(*&
($    1,.+0,  *+7--  *>74    $
(    (  %    5&%
*&  ,  ($      $%    
&)1,,+0= *+7-- *>74+ 4+P$ 
'  *@  <  1P ?-+-34
)(    *&      5&%
*&,.+
  $      $  $*$  %  (
%  $  (       &
7/+C-*+7--*>75&%*&
, ($  %)    $%    
&) Lactobacillus fermentum   $
$*$      5&%  *&  .
*%)%5
($  %  ";    *($
  %5  *  %'%
%  17=+=.  *+7--  *>74+ P  $  
'  *@  <  1P ?-+-34
)(  5&%  *&  7  
5&%*&,.+
)#;!$$%
%&    )    $*$  %  
) $  .-/   
$%  )  1-+3A  7+-    7+3  84  
+      &  (  $  $*$  
*&,,+=08$(*&
($    78    $%  )
1,,+0=84+    $  $*$  %9    
&  (  7C+.,8      *&  
7C+008*&($78$%)+
Ozturk et al. (2011) reported that addition of 1% humic
substance into fed for broiler chickens Ross 308 decreased
the protein content of thigh meat in relation to control
group and 1.5% humic substance, and the protein content
of breast meat compared to control group (P <0.10).
$  <    *  $%      $
D'  $ %  ) $ ))
3--(%$($)&%D
/!+$'$
&    )  %  (  ,.+.B8
%&      *&  1,.+3,84    
$*$%(7=+CB8%&,-+7B8
*&+
&#E;      !   $
  %) %  1-+.84
&)L. fermentum ))
% D'+    & ( 
  *&  ,,+-C  *+7--  *>7 %&  
*&,7+C-*+7--*>7+
  *          $  )
%($(-+/0*+7--
*>7 5&% *& 7 ($  
$%$$*$*7+=B
*+7--  *>7   *&  ($      %
  &) 15&%*& ,4+
$*$%($$*$
      5&%  *&  ,  1=+73
*+7--*>74  $ ( *   C+73
*+7--*>7  5&% *& 7+ P$
  '  *@  <
1P ?-+-34    )  %  )(
5&% *&7  0   $*$
%  )(    *&    
5&%*&7,+
$  (  *        
%    $  )  %  (  
5&%  *&  7  ($    -+B  8
$%    1-+/0  *+7--  *>74    $  $*$
(%5&%*&,
($$%&)17+=B
*+7--  *>74+  P  $    '
*@  <  1P ?-+-34  )(
5&%*&70+
Volume 12 4 No. 1/2018

  $      $  $*$  %  (
%$$*$=+73
*+7--  *>7   5&%  *&  , ($
    $%      &)
Lactobacillus fermentum   $  (
*        *&    (
  1C+73  *+7--  *>74+ P  $  
'  *@  <  1P ?-+-34
)(    *&      5&%
*&7,+
$        ,+C3  *+7--  *>7  )
%    77+=/  *+7--  *>7   $*$  %
  -+B8 $%   *
%5)$))3--)
$($)&%D/!
)#;!
)    $*$  %    )  $
.-/78$%)
,+/7  *+7--  *>7   77+03  *+7--  *>79
&'+    $  ( )#;    
! &    )
$*$%%)$ .-/
,+BC  *+7--  *>7   )  %    77+0.
*+7--*>7$*$%+
$))%9&#E;
4 &    7+0 *+7-- *>7
%&*&7+0.*+7--*>7
%$%
-+.8&)+
$  (      $  )  %
%  (      *&  C0+.,  *+7--  *>79
($  $  $*$  *    (
%    5&%  *&  7  ($
$%1CB+7.*+7--*>74$
(      5&%  *&  ($
%1.4C0+-=*+7--
*>7+ P $   ' *@
<1P?-+-34)(*&+
$$*$ % ()$ (
C-+0,*+7--*>7 5&%*&7
$$*$5&%*&,
C.+07  *+7--  *>7+ P  $   '
*@  <  1P ?-+-34  )(
5&%  *&  7    5&%
*&,.+
)#;   ! $(9
$'%)%
) $  .-/   78
$%),B+B,*+7--*>7
$*$ % .-+3, *+7-- *>7 %& 
*&,B+/B*+7--*>7 ,=+0-*+7--
*>79&'+
$  '  %        -+B8
$%        %5    )
$  ))  3--  (    $  (
$)&%D/! ,/+7,*+7--*>7 
)  %     $    $*$  %
..+-C*+7--*>7+
)#;   ! %  
'%)%)$
.-/,B+33 *+7--*>7 $*$%
.-+-C  *+7--  *>7       78  $%
)+
  $  5&%   &#E;    
! ($    %    
&) %5))&
$    ( C3+/C *+7-- *>7 
5&%  *&    C3+3.  *+7--  *>7 
*&+
$  $      $  )
*  %  -+.. *+7--  *>7 15&%
*&  7  ($   $%  4    -+.=
*+7--*>7 15&%*&,($
$%&)4$*$%
%-+C-*+7--*>7 *&-+/B
*+7--*>75&%*&7,+
P  $      '  *@
<     1P ?-+-34    )  %
)(    *&9  )    $    
$*$  %  (  $    '
*@  <  1P ?-+-34  )(
*&5&%*& 7 
,+
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
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Volume 12 8 No. 1/2018
... Haščík et al. [47] stated that the addition of HA did not affect the chemical composition of the breast muscle. The protein content was reduced in comparison with the control group. ...
Article
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Background: The effects of humic substances (HSs) on the carcass characteristics and meat quality traits of breast and thigh muscles were studied. Methods: In total, 200 pheasants were allocated to 4 treatments, each containing 50 birds. The control birds were fed a diet without additives (0% HS); the other treatment birds were fed diets containing HSs at 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0% from 1 to 90 days of age. At the end of the experiment, several carcass characteristics were measured and breast and thigh muscle samples were taken to determine the composition of several nutrients by standard laboratory methods and procedures. Results: The carcass weights of both males and females increased significantly (p < 0.05) in the 0.50 HS and 0.75 HS groups after supplementation with HSs. The same effect of humic substances in the 0.50 and 0.75 HS groups was found in the weight of breast and thighs (p < 0.05). Significantly (p < 0.05), the highest carcass yield in males and females was found in the 0.50 HS group. Conclusions: Feeding with a diet containing HSs can have a beneficial influence on the carcass parameters, decrease the crude fat content in the meat and change the profile of bioactive fatty acids in the breast and thigh muscles of broiler pheasants.
... The experiment was realized in the test poultry station of the Slovak University of Agriculture (SUA) in Nitra. The experiment was realized by methodology of Hascik et al. (2018). The experiment lasted for 42 days and the chickens were kept under the same conditions. ...
Article
Full-text available
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of bee pollen, propolis and probiotics on the amino acid (AA) profile of chicken meat. A total of 240 Ross 308 broiler chicken individuals of mixed sex were randomly divided into four groups (n = 60): control – without supplementation, group with probiotic (3.3 g Lactobacillus fermentum), group with 400 mg bee pollen extract and 3.3 g probiotic, group with 400 mg propolis extract and 3.3 g probiotic. The fattening period lasted for 42 days. The AA profile was not affected by dietary probiotics or probiotics + bee pollen extract in the breast and thigh muscles, however, a higher concentration of Tyr (p ≤ 0.05) was found in the breast muscle in the group with probiotics + propolis extract supplementation. Considering the AA composition and relatively high essential amino acid score (EAAI), breast meat from chickens receiving the probiotic and propolis extract appears to be an interesting source of proteins with an increased (p ≤ 0.05) Phe + Tyr (76.27%) content when compared with the control group (73.49%). With regard to the bee pollen, we can state that this dietary supplement did not lead to any improvement in the AA profile of chicken meat. In conclusion, the dietary probiotic and propolis extract supplementation elicited the best AA profile of the chicken meat among the observed treatments in comparison with the control group and thus may become a promising method to improve the quality of chicken meat.
... The group marked as E2 was fed a diet containing 1.6 kg of preparation Humac Natur per 100 kg feed mixture and 0.4 kg of garlic powder per 100 kg feed mixture and group E3 containing combination 1.8 kg of preparation Humac Natur per 100 kg feed mixture and 0.2 kg of oregano leaf powder per 100 kg feed mixture. The experiment was realized by methology Haščík et al. (2018). Chickens in individual groups were stabled on deep budding, with a maximum occupation of the breeding areas 33 kg.m -2 . ...
Article
The aim of the present study was analysed the effect of supplying humic acids separately and humic acids in combination with phytobiotic as garlic and oregano powder on fatty acid (FA) profile of the most valuble parts of Ross 308 chicken carcass. A total of 200 pcs Ross 308 broiler chickens of mixed sex were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=50): control group (C) without supplementation, experiment group E1 (2% humic acids), E2 (80% humic acids and 20% garlic powder) and E3 (90% humic acids and 10% oregano powder). Fattening period lasted for 42 days and all groups were kept under the same conditions. After slaughter, the FA profiles of breast and thigh samples were determined. In comparison with control group, FA composition of breast and thigh muscle, 7 out of 15 fatty acids was affected (P=0.05) by dietary supplementation with humic acid (E1), combination of humic acid with garlic powder (E2) and combination of humic acid with oregano powder (E3). The most represented fatty acids in breast and thigh muscle in all experimental groups were oleic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid. Comparing breast with thigh muscle, one unanticipated finding was that breast contained slightly higher amounts of total SFA (36.41 to 38.47% in breast vs. 32.63 to 34.20% in thigh). Besides, breast muscle was found to contain slightly lower proportion of total MUFA (49.01 to 50.27% in breast vs. 51.29 to 55.50% in thigh). Breast muscle had higher percentage of total PUFA (11.45 to 11.86% in breast vs. 7.49 to 9.87% in thigh). The results of the experiment confirmed that the addition of garlic and oregano powder in combination with humic acids can affect the fatty acid profile of chicken meat.
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The aim of this work was to evaluate basic chemical composition (% of water, protein, fat and cholesterol) of breast and thigh muscle after supplementation with Alibernet red grape pomace (RGP) into diet of broiler chickens Ross 308. At the beginning, 200 one-day Ross 308 broiler chickens of mixed gender were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=50). The control group (C) did not receive any additional supplementation. The feed of experimental group E1 was enriched with 1% RGP per 1 kg of feed mixture (FM), experimental group E2 with 2% RGP per 1 kg of FM and experimental group E3 with 3% RGP per 1 kg of FM. The FMs were produced without any antibiotics and coccidiostatics and the fattening period lasted for 42 days. Based on the results, we can state that the application of red grape pomace did not significantly affect the chemical composition of the breast muscle except of higher fat content (P≥0.05) in all experimental groups compared to control group (♂, ♀). In the case of thigh muscle, we found significantly higher (P≤0.05) water content (♂) in control group (71.26 g.100 g-1) compared to experimental groups E2 (70.04 g.100 g-1) and E3 (69.51 g.100 g-1). We also found significant differences (P≤0.05) in crude protein content (♂) between experimental group E3 (21.91 g.100 g-1) compared to experimental groups E1 (21.63 g.100 g-1) and E2 (21.59 g.100 g-1). Overall, it seems like that supplementation with RGP in selected amounts did not have significant beneficial effect on chemical composition of chicken meat compared to control group.
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To date, no report has demonstrated the use of beneficial microbes for contributing to the flavour characteristics and gut microbiota diversity of chicken. Here, we selected six probiotics obtained from our laboratory and supplemented them in six different combinations to 420 newborn male Qingjiaoma chickens under the same controlled living environment (60 birds, no probiotic supplements). The results showed that chicken supplemented with Bacillus species showed beneficial effects in body weight. Acetate is the major fermentation production in the chicken caecum, and chicken supplemented with Pediococcus pentosaceus had the average higher short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) contents. In chicken caecal microflora, the abundance of Bacteroidetes bacteria was positively correlated with the content of propionate, butyrate, and isobutyrate, whereas an increase in acetate content was positively correlated to the abundance of Firmicutes. Compared to chickens without probiotic supplement, chickens supplemented with P. pentosaceus had more characteristic flavour compounds in the sampled breast meat, especially higher concentrations of (E)-2-heptenal, (E,E)-2,4-nonadienal, and certain C6-C9 unsaturated fatty acids. This resulted in a stronger chicken-fatty or fatty odour which directly improved the flavour. These findings suggest that probiotics can improve chicken meat flavour and increase gut microbiota diversity.
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The present research focused on the effects of propolis extract and probiotic preparation based on Lactobacillus fermentum (1 × 109 CFU per 1 g of bearing medium) on performance, carcass characteristics and meat composition of broiler chickens. The experiment was performed with 360 one day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks of mixed sex. The chicks were randomly allocated into 3 groups (n = 120 pcs chicks per group), namely, control (C) and experimental (E1, E2). Each group consisted of 3 replicated pens with 40 broiler chickens per pen. The experiment employed a randomized design, and dietary treatments were as follows: 1. basal diet with no supplementation as control (group C), 2. basal diet plus 400 mg propolis extract per 1 kg of feed mixture (group E1), 3. basal diet plus 3.3 g probiotic preparation added to drinking water (group E2). Besides, the groups were kept under the same conditions. Fattening period lasted for 42 days. Feed mixtures were produced without any antibiotic preparations and coccidiostats. As regards performance of broilers, all the investigated parameters were improved after addition of the supplements, especially after probiotic supplementation. However, neither propolis extract nor probiotic in diet of broiler chickens had any significant effect (p ≥0.05) on performance. Meat composition was evaluated as proximate composition (dry matter, crude protein, fat and ash), cholesterol content and energy value in the most valuable parts of chicken meat (breast and thigh muscles). The statistically significant results (p ≤0.05) were attained in fat, ash and cholesterol content, as well as energy value in both breast and thigh muscles after the propolis supplementation. To sum up, the present study demonstrated the promising potential of propolis extract and probiotic to enhance the performance, carcass characteristics and meat composition under conditions of the experiment with, however, statistical significance of results in a few parameters.
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In this research, the effects of some alternative feed additives for antibiotic growth promoters on performance and gut microflora were examined using 500, one-day-old Ross 508 broiler chicks. Commercial corn-soy-based broiler starter and finisher diets were formulated as basal diets for control treatment. Basal diets were supplemented with an antibiotic growth promoter, a probiotic, a prebiotic (mannan oligosaccharide) and a humic-acid-based mixture, respectively. It total, five dietary treatments were employed in the experiment. Live weight, weight gain and feed consumption values were not affected significantly by dietary treatments throughout the experiment (P > 0.05). However, chicks which received diets supplemented with growth promoter, prebiotic, probiotic and humic-acid-based mixture had better feed conversion than the control group in both the 4-6 and 0-6 week periods (P < 0.05). Mortality rate, hot carcass yield, and feed cost for kg live weight gain did not show any significant differences among the groups (P > 0.05). Gut microorganism growth was determined in the 2nd and 6th weeks of age by counting the number of aerobic bacteria, total yeast, coliform, E. coli and Entereccoccus. For both periods, no significant differences among the groups were obtained for those microorganisms. Salmonella and Campylobacter were not isolated in any of the samples. In conclusion, prebiotic (mannan oligosccaride), humic-acid-based mixture and probiotic have the potential to be an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in broiler diets.
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This research was carried out to determine the effects of commercial probiotic (115-Biogallinox) on the colour properties of carcasses and dissected products in broilers. Ross-308 male chicks were given probiotic (P0:0 g/kg, P1:1 g/kg and P2:2 g/kg) containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae for 49 days. At the end of the trial all birds were slaughtered, and pH and skin colour of the carcasses were determined at various times during the first 24 h (1, 3, 7, 12, 17 and 24 h). After dissection, breasts and drumsticks were divided into two groups for vacuum packaging and aerobic packaging. Packaged breasts and drumsticks were stored at 3 ± 0.5°C for 12 days. During the storage period, the colours of breast meat, drumstick meat and drumstick skin were determined. pH values of carcasses decreased (P < 0.01) over the 24-h period post mortem. The pH values of the P1 group were lower than the P0 and P2 groups (P < 0.01). L*, a* and b* values increased during the 24-h period and the P0 group had lower a* values than the P1 and P2 groups (P < 0.05). The use of probiotic in the broiler diet had no effect on L*, a* and b* values of breast and drumstick muscle. The L* and a* values of breast muscles were lower than drumstick muscles (P < 0.05). The values of b* in aerobic packaged breasts and drumsticks were higher than when vacuum packaged (P < 0.01). L* and b* values were also affected by storage period. While the L* and b* values of drumstick skin were higher than of drumstick meat, a* values in drumstick meat were higher (P < 0.05). The packaging had no effect on drumstick colour values (drumstick meat and drumstick skin) and L* and b* values decreased during the storage period.
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In the experiment, the effect of the addition of bee pollen, propolis extract and probiotic in a feed mixture for chicken broilers Ross 308 on oxidative stability of breast and thigh muscles during chilled storage was investigated. In the experiment were included 180 pieces of one day-old chicks, which were divided into 4 groups (control, E1, E2 and E3). Chickens were fed by ad libitum system until the age of 42 days. These feed mixtures were made without antibiotics preparation and coccidiostats. Bee pollen extract in amount of 400 mg.kg-1 (E1), propolis extract in an amount of 400 mg.kg-1 (E2) was added into feed mixtures and probiotic (Lactobacillus fermentum) (E3) in an amount 3.3 g added daily to the water given the experimental group. During whole period of chilled storage were higher values of MDA determined in control group compare to experimental groups. The higher average MDA value determined in breast muscels of broiler chicken hybrid combination Ross 308 was in samples of control group (0.129 mg.kg-1) compared to experimental groups E1, E3 (0.125 mg.kg-1) and E2 (0.115 mg.kg-1) after 7-day of chilled storage. Significantly higher values of MDA were determined in control group compare to second experimental group on the end of storage. Trend of thigh muscle oxidation stability of chicken hybrid combination Ross 308 was during 7 days of chilled storage similar than in breast muscle. The higher average MDA value determined in thigh muscels was in samples of control group (0.142 mg.kg-1) compared to experimental groups E1 (0.137 mg.kg-1), E2 (0.125 mg.kg-1) and E3 (0.138 mg.kg-1) after 7-day of chilled storage. We have not determined statistically significant differences between testing groups on the end of storage. Higher amount of MDA in thigh muscle compare to breast muscle is due to by higher amount of fat occurred in thigh muscle.
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The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of natural feed additives, namely bee pollen extract, propolis extract and probiotic preparation, on technological properties of meat in order to evaluate the meat quality of Ross 308 broiler chickens. The feeding of chickens (180 pcs) lasted for a period of 42 days. The experiment was carried out without segregation between the genders. The chickens were randomly divided into 4 groups. The control group was fed a basal diet, whereas the other three groups were fed diets supplemented with natural additives, i.e. bee pollen extract at level of 400 mg.kg-1 of feed mixture, propolis extract at level of 400 mg.kg-1 of feed mixture, and probiotic preparation based on Lactobacillus fermentum (1.109 CFU per 1 g of bearing medium) in an amount of 3.3 g added to water (for 30 pcs chickens until 21 days of age, for 20 pcs chickens from 22nd to 42nd day of age) given to group E1, group E2 and group E3, respectively. The feed mixtures were produced without any antibiotic preparations and coccidiostatics. During the whole period of experiment, the broiler chickens had ad libitum access to feed and water. The following technological properties were examined: cooling loss (after 24 h of storage at 4 °C), freezing loss (after 3 months of storage at-18 °C), roasting loss (performed on roasted meat that was stored at-18 °C for 3 months before thawing), colour parameters based on CIELab system (the L*, a*, b* values of raw breast and thigh muscle), and tenderness (as shear force of roasted breast and thigh muscle). We have made a finding, that the examined additives had only little impact on meat quality in most of the investigated parameters, except the significant increase (p ≤0.05) in redness (a*) values and the slight decrease in roasting loss and shear force determination after propolis extract supplementation. Therefore, it may be inferred that propolis extract has been shown as the most appropriate feed additive among the applied supplements.
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Among 360 isolates from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of broilers, eleven isolates which showed in vitro probiotic properties were identified and selected for further tests. After the in vitro screening, three strains were chosen for the in vivo study of persistence of fresh cultures and then one strain was selected for the in vivo study of persistence of lyophilized culture. Lyophilized Lactobacillus salivarius DSPV 001P was capable of persisting in broilers during a complete rearing, even 28days following cessation of administration. L. salivarius DSPV 001P administered to broilers and recovered from GIT was compared by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to ensure that the same genotype was persistently identified. A combination of in vitro and in vivo screening of native lactic acid bacteria (LAB) described in this study may offer a method for selecting the most suitable strain for potential application as a broiler probiotic supplement. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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The aim of this work was determined effect of supplemental humic substances and probiotics on growth performance and meat quality of rabbits. The growth performances were observed on two hundred and twelve growing rabbits assigned randomly by weight to two treatments. The treatments included: 1) Control group: in this group were rabbits fed with basal diet during all experiment (35th – 77th day), 2) experimental group: the animals were fed with basal diet+3kg/t humic substances – Humac Nature during whole experiment. In this group was during fattening period (35th – 49th and 63rd – 70th days of age) added to feed the probiotic preparation – Propoul (Lactobacillus fermentum CCM 7158 1x108 CFU) 2 g per ten pieces. Body weight and feed intake were measured weekly in order to determine the average daily gain, average daily feed intake and gain/feed. The characteristics of meat quality were determined on twelve rabbit males at the age of 77 days, when the rabbits achieved average slaughter weight 2500g. Results of the whole experimental period showed that addition humic substances and probiotic preparation to the diet had positive effect (not significantly) on intensity of growth live weight in the last phase of fattening period. The results of this study suggest that humic substances with probiotics might be utilized as a feed additive in the rabbit diet. It could not significantly improve growth performance and meat quality of rabbits.doi:10.5219/192
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Probiotics/prebiotics have the ability to modulate the balance and activities of the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota, and are, thus, considered beneficial to the host animal and have been used as functional foods. Numerous factors, such as dietary and management constraints, have been shown to markedly affect the structure and activities of gut microbial communities in livestock animals. Previous studies reported the potential of probiotics and prebiotics in animal nutrition; however, their efficacies often vary and are inconsistent, possibly, in part, because the dynamics of the GI community have not been taken into consideration. Under stressed conditions, direct-fed microbials may be used to reduce the risk or severity of scours caused by disruption of the normal intestinal environment. The observable benefits of prebiotics may also be minimal in generally healthy calves, in which the microbial community is relatively stable. However, probiotic yeast strains have been administered with the aim of improving rumen fermentation efficiency by modulating microbial fermentation pathways. This review mainly focused on the benefits of probiotics/prebiotics on the GI microbial ecosystem in ruminants, which is deeply involved in nutrition and health for the animal.
Book
A Handbook for Sensory and Consumer Driven New Product Development explores traditional and well established sensory methods (difference, descriptive and affective) as well as taking a novel approach to product development and the use of new methods and recent innovations. This book investigates the use of these established and new sensory methods, particularly hedonic methods coupled with descriptive methods (traditional and rapid), through multivariate data analytical interfaces in the process of optimizing food and beverage products effectively in a strategically defined manner. The first part of the book covers the sensory methods which are used by sensory scientists and product developers, including established and new and innovative methods. The second section investigates the product development process and how the application of sensory analysis, instrumental methods and multivariate data analysis can improve new product development, including packaging optimization and shelf life. The final section defines the important sensory criteria and modalities of different food and beverage products including Dairy, Meat, Confectionary, Bakery, and Beverage (alcoholic and non-alcoholic), and presents case studies indicating how the methods described in the first two sections have been successfully and innovatively applied to these different foods and beverages. The book is written to be of value to new product development researchers working in large corporations, SMEs (micro, small or medium-sized enterprises) as well as being accessible to the novice starting up their own business. The innovative technologies and methods described are less expensive than some more traditional practices and aim to be quick and effective in assisting products to market. Sensory testing is critical for new product development/optimization, ingredient substitution and devising appropriate packaging and shelf life as well as comparing foods or beverages to competitor's products. Presents novel and effective sensory-based methods for new product development-two related fields that are often covered separately Provides accessible, useful guidance to the new product developer working in a large multi-national food company as well as novices starting up a new business Offers case studies that provide examples of how these methods have been applied to real product development by practitioners in a wide range of organizations Investigates how the application of sensory analysis can improve new product development including packaging optimization.