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Phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial activity and identification of phytoconstituents in Gleichenia pectinata (Willd.) C. Presl
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Probing into the bioactive chemical composition of ferns may lead to a validated incorporation into drug manufacture, though they belong to the unpopular group of plants. This present study aimed at investigating the phytoconstituents and antimicrobial potency of the raw methanolic extract and the active chromatographic fractions of Gleichenia pectinata. The phytochemical investigation was done via chemical and instrumental (GC-MS) method. The raw methanolic extract of G. pectinata contains important phytochemicals such as phenolics, terpenoids, anthraquinone, tannin, alkaloid, saponin, reducing sugar, protein and flavonoids. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the raw methanolic extract against the clinical microbial strains used was 25mg/ml against (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae). At this concentration, some G.pectinata chromatographic fractions exhibited significant antibacterial and antifungal activities. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the most susceptible of the test microorganisms while Candida albicans was the least susceptible.
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... The biological capacities of S. squamulose are not reported. However, another Sticher from Nigeria reported their antimicrobial capacity and antioxidant capacities besides the polyphenolic compositions (Femi-Adepoju et al. 2018). ...
Sticherus squamulosus, Hymenophyllum dentatum, Blechnum microphyllum, Polypodium Feuillei, Blechnum chilense, Lophosoria quadripinnata, and Lissopimpla excelsa are native fern species found in southern Chile and are often used in traditional medicine. However, their bioactive properties have not been confirmed. In this study, ethanolic extracts of ferns exhibited significant antibacterial capacity against human pathogens. H. dentatum and S. squamulosus were selected for further analysis owing to their antimicrobial and antioxidant capacities. The entire H. dentatum extract exhibited fungistatic and fungicidal capacity on Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium digitatum, with minimum inhibitory concentration values of 1.56 mg/mL and 6.25 mg/mL and minimum fungicidal concentration values of 6.25 mg/mL and 12.5 mg/mL, respectively. The S. squamulosus extract presented the highest rutin content (222.5 µg/g fern). In addition, the ethanolic extract of H. dentatum inhibited 91% of DPPH radicals. Therefore, both types of ferns can be used in the food industry.
... africanum). From these three compounds, Cetene (also known as 1-Hexadecene) was intensively reported in extract of plants such as Citrus limon 33 , Gleichenia pectinata 34 and 37 reported that Cetene showed antimicrobial and antioxidant effects. ...
Introduction: The specific physiological capacity of marine organisms, including seaweeds, to survive in extreme environmental conditions is associated to the production of secondary metabolites. Seaweeds are known as powerful source of a broad range of bioactive co mpounds. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the phytocompounds and chemical elements present in eight species of seaweeds which occur around Inhaca Island, Mozambique. Specifically, Halimeda cuneata, Pseudorhizoclonium africanum, Pseudocodium devriesii, Dictyota suhrii, Gracilaria salicornia, Hypnea rosea, Laurencia natalensis and Jania adhaerens. Methods: For phytocompounds and chemical elements screening, seaweeds samples were dried, ground to powder and extracted using methanol as solvent. The analyses were performed using GC-MS analysis, Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence, and colorimetric protocols for phytocompound analysis. Results: A total of 82 phytocompounds were identified. Phytol and Z-8-Methyl-9-tetradecenoic were present in all samples analysed, while Cetene, 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-methyl ester, Desmoterol, Octadecanoic acid, and Oleic acid were the less common phytocompound identified. Campesterol, gama-Sitoesterol, Cholest-5-en-ol, 24-propylidene-(3.beta) are phytosterols only identified in green seaweeds. The concentration of chemical elements among the seaweeds species was different. However, Ca, Cl and K were presented in high concentration in some of the seaweeds analysed. Conclusion: Overall, the seaweeds analysed in this study, seems to be good candidate for further biotechnological application and deserve further investigation.
ABSRTACT Plant extracts have been known to possess multiple bioactive compounds with therapeutic uses. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used in the current study to characterize the bioactive constituents of five (5) commercially available herbal formulations. The National Institute of Standard Technology Database was used to analyze the mass spectrum of the five commonly available herbal formulations sold in Anambra State, Southeast, Nigeria. The GC-MS analysis showed the presence of thirty-five (35) bioactive compounds. The identified compounds were listed in the following order; Compound name, peak area (%), molecular weight, molecular formula, and biological activities. The bioactive compounds present include; Quinolone, Oleic acid, Hexadecanoic acid, Phenolic, Dodecanoic acid, and, phthalic acid which are believed to possess antiplasmodial, antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer, antioxidant, and antifungal activities. This study confirmed that the five herbal formulations have rich bioactive compounds that could benefit mankind, although some of the synthetic compounds isolated are of major health concern.
From Silurian period, pteridophytes exist in the nature and expected to harbour various useful secondary metabolites. By the presence of secondary metabolites, pteridophytes are able to survive for more than 450 million years and house various biological activities, viz. anti-bacterial, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, hepatoprotectivity, wound healing, etc. The review intends to summarize the available biopotential of pteridophytes from 2000 to 2021. A total of 244 species are taken into account for the present review. This chapter recorded anti-oxidant potential (135), anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activities (97), cytotoxic properties (61), anti-cancer activities (39), anti-inflammatory activities (26), anti-diabetic potential (23), hepatoprotective properties (9), wound healing potential (7) and larvicidal activities (6) of pteridophytes. We made an attempt to provide an update on the biopotential of pteridophytes. This review might be useful for the pteridologist, phytochemist and pharmacist for further research.
A bioassay-guided fractionation of an alcoholic extract from the peels of Ipomoea batatas Lam has been carried out. Sulforhodamine B and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays were used to evaluate the anticancer and antioxidant potential, respectively, while silica gel column chromatography (CC) was used to isolate compounds that were characterized using 1D- and 2D-NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) and mass spectrometry. The alcoholic extract was fractionated into n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water. The n-hexane fraction which showed the most promising anticancer activity was further fractionated via silica gel CC into IB-F002A, IB-F002B, and IB-F002C. Of these, IB-F002C was the most active with IC50 values 24.75, 47.91, 52.37, 34.17, 46.07, and 25.89 μg/ml against breast, colon-1, colon-2, ovary, lung, and head/neck cancer cell lines, respectively. The bioassay-guided isolation from IB-F002C afforded a glucocerebroside, which showed 10.51%, 12.19%, 16.14%, and 34.05% inhibition of head and neck, breast-1, colon-1, and ovarian cancer cell lines, respectively. Octadecyl coumarate, 7-hydroxycoumarin, and 6-methoxy-7-hydroxycoumarin that showed different antioxidant potentials were also identified in this study. Sweet potato peel, which is usually discarded as waste, contains constituents that can serve as dietary components to prevent the development of different types of cancer.
Natural antioxidants such as dietary plant phenolics and flavonoids are increasingly attracting attention. They are natural disease-preventing, health-promoting, and anti-ageing substances. Medicinally useful royal Juglans species is worth studying for its traditional therapeutic applications as anticancer, diuretic, anti-inflammatory and laxative effects. It is a rich source of antioxidants i.e. phenolics and flavonoids. Present study involves spectrophotometric determination of phenolics and flavonoids content from chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanolic and methanolic extracts of walnut bark using Folin-Ciocalteau reagent and Quercetin as standard. The results show high contents of phenolics and flavonoids supporting the antioxidant activity of the extracts and suggest need for further investigations to isolate secondary metabolites.
Three antifungal compounds have been isolated for the first time from the peels of Ipomoea batatas Lam. Their structures were established on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectra data as well as ESI-MS and IR analysis. Urs-13(18)-ene-3β-yl acetate was found to possess a weak activity against Sporothrix schenckii and Trichophyton metagrophytes fungi with an MIC value of 50 μg/mL each. Stigmasterol and 3-friedelanol were equally active against T. metagrophytes.
The effect of ethanol, methanol, acetone and water extracts of leaves of 11 plant species, used in the folk medicine, against six antibiotic resistant clinical pathogens was evaluated by the agar-well diffusion method. The obtained results indicate that most of the extracts revealed antimicrobial activity. The water extract of A. discoridis leaves exerted significant effect and recorded the lowest MIC and MMC. Ethanol leaf extraction method is the best. It produced broad-spectrum of antimicrobial activity followed by methanol leaf extraction. Interestingly, methanol extraction method was found to be the most effective extraction method of anticandidal agents. Among the pathogenic bacteria tested, S. pneumonia was the least sensitive. Nevertheless, the anticandidal MIC and MMC values are higher than antibacterial values suggesting that C. albicans is less sensitive to plant leaf extracts. In conclusion, aqueous extracts of A. discoridis leaves exhibited the highest potency against all pathogens tested. Thus, this study confirms the efficacy of some plant extracts as natural antimicrobials and suggests the possibility of employing them in drugs for treatment of infectious diseases caused by the test pathogens.
This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of extraction methods on the antibacterial activity of Citrullus lanatus seed extract. C. lanatus (watermelon) is a popular fruit consumed all over the world. Three solvents were used for the extraction process: chloroform, methanol and distilled water while two extraction conditions- cold extraction and Soxhlet extraction (coded as hot in this study) were employed. Antibacterial activity of the seed extracts was determined by agar well diffusion method. The seed extracts were tested against clinical isolates including Staphylococcus sp., Escherichia coli, Proteus sp., Klebsiella sp. and a type Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853). It was observed that the cold methanol extracts had the highest antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus sp. followed by hot methanol extract while cold chloroform extract showed no antibacterial activity. In the presence of P.aeruginosa only the hot methanol and chloroform extracts showed significant antibacterial potentials (p.0.05). Also, saponins which have been implicated in antimicrobial activity were found to be present in moderate and high concentrations in the hot and cold methanol extracts respectively. Results of this study reveal that the kind of solvent employed as well as the conditions for extraction (cold maceration and Soxhlet extraction) influenced the efficacy of the extract against specific test organisms. Furthermore, the presence of saponins may have influence the relatively high zone of inhibition recorded with cold and hot methanol extracts against some of the test organisms. Key words : Watermelon seed, antibacterial, Soxhlet extraction, cold maceration, solvents.
The therapeutic value of Aegle marmelos Correa (Rutaceae), commonly known as ''Bael," has been recognized as a component of traditional medication for the treatment of various human ailments. The plant, though, being highly explored, still lacks sufficient evidences for the best variety possessing the highest degree of medicinal values. The present study is focused on phytochemical screening of aqueous and methanolic leaf extracts of 18 varieties/accessions of A. marmelos. The crude extracts of A. marmelos revealed the presence of several biologically active phytochemicals with the highest quantity of alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenols in Pant Aparna variety. The antibacterial efficacy was investigated against pathogenic bacterial strains and the highest inhibitory activity of aqueous extract was obtained against S. epidermidis, whereas methanolic extract was found to be most potent against S. aureus at 40 mg/mL concentration. However, in aqueous : ethanol, the best results were observed against E. aerogenes followed by K. pneumonia and S. epidermidis. The MIC of aqueous and methanol extract of Aegle marmelos ranged from 10 mg/mL to 40 mg/mL whereas in aqueous : ethanol it ranged between 40 mg/mL and 160 mg/mL. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of many bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, alcohols, aldehydes, aromatic compounds, fatty acid methyl esters, terpenoids, phenolics, and steroids that can be postulated for antibacterial activity.
Objectives: The objective of the present study was to find out the presence of phytochemicals in the methanol extracts of five ferns in Pteridaceae family such as Pteris argyreae T. Moore, Pteris confusa T.G. Walker, Pteris vittata L., Pteris biaurita L., and Pteris multiaurita Ag., by both qualitative and quantitative screening methods. Methods: In qualitative analysis, the phytochemical compounds such as steroids, reducing sugars, triterpenoids, sugars, alkaloids, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, anthroquinones and amino acids were screened in five ferns extracts by using standard methods. Results: The methanol extract of the fern Pteris biaurita showed positive results for 10 phytochemical tests. Pteris vittata extract exhibited positive results for 9 tests. In methanol extracts of the Pteris argyreae, Pteris confusa showed positive results for 7 tests and in the extract of Pteris multiaurita 5 phytochemical tests were positive. In quantitative analysis the important secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, saponins and tannins were tested in all the ferns extracts. The methanol extract of Pteris biaurita showed highest amount of phytochemicals when compared with other solvent extracts. Conclusions: More active compounds will be isolated from the selected ferns and they may be used for medicinal purposes in future.